Elite Seeds Research Articles

Container and transport technology for harvesting, storing and selling selected potatoes of the first field reproduction

The article discusses the issues of moving, loading, transshipment and storage of loaded and empty containers on the field-warehouse line. The work was carried out at the Redkinskaya AIC LLC enterprise, which has 625 hectares of arable land for growing seed potatoes with appropriate crop rotation and producing up to 10 000 tons of elite seeds. The technology for harvesting potatoes using soft containers (bags) and containers is described. The required number of containers for harvesting was calculated, depending on the gross harvest of potatoes in fields of different areas and the time of all operations of the technological process. Suitable overall dimensions of containers and materials for their manufacture have been determined. Transport for moving and loading and unloading operations using both types of containers is indicated. A comparative assessment of the bags and containers usage is provided, and prospects for the development of the latter in various agricultural operations are outlined. The processes of sorting, warehousing, storing and planting potatoes using containers are presented. A diagram of tubers delivery to the planting site and the planting process is shown. A container-transport technology for harvesting selection potatoes of the first field reproduction has been developed.

Prospects for the crop production development and the government support impact

Crop growing is the main branch of agriculture in the Samara region, forming 73.8% of production. Therefore, from a developmental perspective, it is necessary to identify the most important factors influencing its development. The purpose of the study is to determine the impact of government support on the performance of the crop production industry. As part of this, it is necessary to solve the following tasks: - analyze the state of crop production in 2018-2022; - identify the main directions of government support and reveal the degree of influence on the development of crop production; - calculate the effectiveness of individual government support measures for the development of the industry. The significant profitability of crop production, which is the result of countersanctions introduced in 2014, and significant export potential, has led to the fact that the modern system of state support for the industry is a system aimed at financing potential areas of development: the introduction of new technologies, digitalization and automation of production processes, etc. Therefore, despite the decrease in the relative size of state support (PSE) to 1.3%, the industry is experiencing sustainable development. The main source of funding is the federal budget (about 51% of industry funding). Among the most important areas in the period 2018-2024 can be distinguished: land reclamation (2.1 billion rubles), development of crop production (1.8 billion rubles), modernization and technical re-equipment (1.8 billion rubles), insurance (1.2 billion rubles) , purchase of elite seeds (1.0 billion rubles), etc.

Peculiarities of propagation of varietal admixture of oilseed flax in sparse crops of fiber flax in the conditions of the North-Western region of the Russian Federation

Relevance. In course of the varietal identification of fiber flax seeds lots produced in research institutions of the Russian Federation, plants atypical for the varieties tested were periodically identified. Their belonging to a mechanical varietal impurity (rogue) was confirmed, in some cases, by the results of the progeny check. The purpose of the work is to clarify the indicator of varietal purity of flax seeds of the categories «original seeds» (OS) and «elite seeds» (ES) in GOST R 52325-2005.Methods. Trials were carried out on sod-podzolic medium loamy soil in the Tver region. The study objects included seeds and plants of brown seed fiber flax variety Antey (control) and yellow-seed variety of oilseed flax LM 98 (rogue). The area of the accounting plot is 1 m2. Seeding rates are from 5 to 12 million seeds per 1 ha (depending on reproduction).Results. It was found that varietal contamination of flax seeds with rogue in the amount of 0.2–1% did not affect the yield of flax products. In the process of seed reproduction in crops of the OS category, the content of impurity seeds increased by 0.1%, 0.2% and 1% with initial clogging — by 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.7% and 1%. In other variants, it remained at the level of the initial blockage. In the crops of the ES category, a significant increase in the amount of impurity seeds (from 0.5 to 0.9%) was noted, except for the variant with initial clogging (0.2%), where its content remained at the initial level. Based on the research results, it was proposed to reduce the varietal purity of flax seeds in GOST R 52325-2005 for the category «OS» to 99.7%, «ES» — to 99%.

Revealing Further Insights into Astringent Seeds of Chinese Fir by Integrated Metabolomic and Lipidomic Analyses.

Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook.) stands as one of the pivotal afforestation tree species and timber resources in southern China. Nevertheless, the occurrence of seed abortion and a notably high proportion of astringent seeds significantly curtail the yield and quality of elite seeds, resulting in substantial economic losses. The development of astringent seeds is accompanied by significant physiological and biochemical alterations. Here, the first combined lipidomic and metabolomic analysis was performed to gain a comprehensive understanding of astringent seed traits. A total of 744 metabolites and 616 lipids were detected, of which 489 differential metabolites and 101 differential lipids were identified. In astringent seeds, most flavonoids and tannins, as well as proline and γ-aminobutyric acid, were more accumulated, along with a notable decrease in lipid unsaturation, indicating oxidative stress in the cells of astringent seeds. Conversely, numerous elemental metabolites were less accumulated, including amino acids and their derivatives, saccharides and alcohols, organic acids and nucleotides and their derivatives. Meanwhile, most lipid subclasses, mainly associated with energy storage (triglyceride and diglyceride) and cell membrane composition (phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine), also exhibited significant reductions. These results reflected a disruption in the cellular system or the occurrence of cell death, causing a reduction in viable cells within astringent seeds. Furthermore, only one lipid subclass, sphingosine phosphate (SoP), was more accumulated in astringent seeds. Additionally, lower accumulation of indole-3-acetic acid and more accumulation of salicylic acid (SA) were also identified in astringent seeds. Both SA and SoP were closely associated with the promotion of programmed cell death in astringent seeds. Collectively, our study revealed significant abnormal changes in phytohormones, lipids and various metabolites in astringent seeds, allowing us to propose a model for the development of astringent seeds in Chinese fir based on existing research and our findings. This work enriches our comprehension of astringent seeds and presents valuable bioindicators for the identification of astringent seeds.

Technology of cultivation of elite seeds of spring barley in Lower Volga region of Russia

Spring barley is an important grain crop for food and fodder purposes. Providing quality seeds to grain producers will contribute to the stabilization of gross crop yields. Therefore, the cultivation of high-quality seed material is an urgent task for producers of spring barley grain. To determine the option for the effective use of pesticides and agrochemicals in the technological cycle for the production of spring barley seeds, a single-factor field experiment was laid using seeds from the selection of the Federal Scientific Center of Agroecology of the Russian Academy of Sciences on a site in the steppe zone of chernozem soils in 2020-2022. Super-elite seeds were sown for seed purposes with a seeding rate of 3.5 million germinating seeds per hectare after the black fallow predecessor. All repetitions in the experiment were placed in one field, the repetition of variants in the experiment was three times, their placement was systematic, sequential, in blocks in one tier. The area of the experimental plot was 180 m2.The seeding depth is 5-7 cm, the sowing method is ordinary, with C3C-2.1 grain seeders, followed by rolling, when sowing seeds in all variants of the experiment, Nitroammophoska fertilizer 80 kg/ha was applied. In the second variant, preparations were used: a herbicide in the phase of the first 2-3 leaves to eliminate weeds, a fungicide - fungal diseases and a growth regulator to start the growth of spring barley and form productive shoots. In the third variant, during the formation of the reproductive organs of barley, the second foliar treatment with a growth regulator with microfertilizer was carried out. The highest seed yield of 3.8 t/ha was recorded in the third variant of the experiment. The protein in the seeds of the harvest was 15.3%, the weight of 1000 grains was 53.1 g. The achieved profitability of the production of barley seeds in the experiment reached 218.2%. The influence of agrochemicals and chemical plant protection products was 90.3% in the technology of production of spring barley seeds. The highest profitability of 218.4% was obtained in the third variant with the use of mineral fertilizers and foliar top dressing at the tillering and heading phases. The influence of agrochemicals and chemical plant protection products was 90.3%. The influence of varieties was 9.7% in the production technology of spring barley seeds in the region.

Quantitative characteristics of pea varieties when treated with chelated micro fertilizers

In order to accelerate the process of introducing new selection achievements into production, it is necessary to provide agricultural producers with a suffi cient number of original and elite seeds. Therefore, the development of technological methods for accelerating the reproduction of seed material based on the use of chelated micro fertilizers is very relevant. The purpose of the research is to study the variability of quantitative characteristics of pea varieties under the action of chelated micro fertilizers to increase the effi ciency of seed production in the cultivation of original and reproductive seeds. The research material was original seeds from the selection nursery of the fi rst year of three varieties of peas, which were selected by the Federal State Budgetary Institution “Federal Rostov Agrarian Scientifi c Center” such as Aksai usatii 5, Alliance and Ataman. Aksai usatii 5 variety served as a standard. It has been established that in seed production of Aksai usatii 5 and Ataman varieties, it is possible to achieve high yields and increase the reproduction coeffi cient of seeds of higher reproductions, as well as to improve their sowing qualities by using double foliar top dressing of ORMISS containing Cu/B or Cu/Mo. In the seed production of Alliance variety with accelerated reproduction of original seeds to achieve high yields as well as to improve their sowing qualities use ORMISS with boron or molybdenum for seed treatment in combination with the treatment of plants in the 3–5 leaf phase. When choosing pea varieties for introduction into production, along with Aksai usatii 5 variety, preference should be given to Alliance and Ataman varieties, as high-yielding and economically profi table.

Ecological varieties research of spring wheat in northern forest steppe in Chelyabinsk region

The studies were carried out in 2017-2022 in the field experiment on the fields of the primary seed production department of the crop production complex of LLC «Chebarkulskaya Ptitsa». The aim of the research was a comparative ecological study of varieties of spring soft wheat of different maturity groups in order to select an assortment that provides the maximum stable yield in the bioclimatic conditions of the northern forest-steppe of the Chelyabinsk region. The studied varieties of spring soft wheat belong to three groups of maturity - medium-early, medium-ripening and medium-late. In each of these groups, we have identified the most productive varieties in comparison with the standard variety. By origin, the standards are in all groups of the Chelyabinsk selection, the Ekaterina variety was obtained by scientists from Yekaterinburg, Ulyanovskaya 105 is a variety of the Ulyanovsk selection, and Uralosibirskaya - of the Omsk selection. The varieties Ekaterina, Ulyanovskaya 105 and Chelyaba 75 turned out to be the most stress-resistant. The varieties Ulyanovskaya 105, Erythrospermum 59 and Yekaterina have a genotype that best corresponds to changing environmental factors. When calculating the sum of ranks in each group of the studied varieties, the most productive and adaptive varieties to growing conditions were identified: Ekaterina, Ulyanovskaya 105 and Uralosibirskaya. According to the results of the research, the varieties Ekaterina, Ulyanovskaya 105 and Uralosibirskaya were selected for cultivation in the fields of the crop production complex of the agricultural holding. Elite seeds of varieties are sold to agricultural producers of the Chelyabinsk region.

A new variety of Chinese radish (loba) Serdtse Podmoskovya for the Central region of Russia

The article presents the results of the selection work of the laboratory of breeding and seed production of table root crops of the Federal Scientific Vegetable Center for the culture of Chinese radish (loba). From the collection material (a total of 23 samples were studied), a promising material was selected under the number No. 600 for a complex of economically valuable features. The purpose of the research is to create a variety of Chinese radish – loba for open and protected ground. Based on this goal, the objectives of the research included: to evaluate a promising variety of loba in a nursery of competitive variety testing in open and protected ground conditions, to assess alignment according to the main morphobiological parameters, as well as to assess the safety and resistance to diseases during storage.Results. As a result of repeated individual and family selection in the direction of productivity, resistance to premature stem formation and diseases of vegetation and storage, as well as improvement of taste qualities, a new variety of Chinese radish Serdtse Podmoskovya was bred. The new variety belongs to the pink-red rounded varietal type. The root crop is flat-rounded, large in size. The flesh is white, juicy, with a slightly spicy taste. The variety is medium-ripened, the growing season is 65-75 days, suitable for use in early summer, autumn and winter, resistant to longterm storage (95-96% preservation) and low light. The yield of the variety in protected ground is 2.7 kg/m2, marketability – 88.7%, root crop weight – 533 g; dry matter content – 6.26%, sugars – 2.56%, ascorbic acid – 19.36 mg%. The variety on this background was distinguished by the absence of flowering and diseased plants. The yield in the open ground was 31.2 t/ha (3.12 kg/m2), marketability – 81.2%, root crop weight – 281 g. The variety under these conditions was characterized by a higher content of dry matter –11.0%, sugars – 3.2% and ascorbic acid – 20.13 mg%; a small percentage of flowering (9.4%) and affected plants (6.3%) was noted. For this variety, a technology has been developed for obtaining original and elite seeds according to a one-year development cycle in the conditions of the Central region ща Russia.

Opportunities for the Growth of the Agro-Industrial Complex Economy with the Negative Dynamics of External Development Conditions

The options for adapting the agro-industrial complex of the Russia to the EU bans on the import of high-tech equipment, machinery, elite seeds, and productive livestock, which are unfavorable for its economy, are analyzed. Among the possible adaptive versions of the development of the development direction, there are cases of agrarian reform that have not been implemented before. Their main goal is to prevent the decline and rise in prices in the changed conditions of production in the economy. It is possible to adjust the practice and state support of agricultural labor by financing the largest areas of development of agricultural enterprises – ​road construction, energy supply, public amenities, and development of inter-district markets for products and means of production, increasing the amount of rental income received at the location. Recommendations are formulated to expand and reduce the cost of meat and dairy products production in the non-chernozem (non-black soil) zone by including abandoned meadows and pastures in the economic turnover. Financing of this expansion is also possible from the means of state support for enterprises with the simultaneous development of the interregional labor market.

ПРОБЛЕМЫ МЕЖСУБЪЕКТНЫХ ВЗАИМОДЕЙСТВИЙ В СЕМЕНОВОДСТВЕ

The main problems in the development of seed production and inter-subject interactions in seed production are: the high level of import dependence of Russian agriculture on seeds of a number of crops; fragmentation of the system of domestic seed production; a relatively low level of selection work for some types of agricultural crops and the competitiveness of seeds of domestic selection; low rates of renewal of the technical and technological base of breeding centers and seed farms; shortage of highly qualified personnel in the field of breeding and genetics of agricultural crops and seed production; insufficient level of state support for seed producers and incentives for agricultural producers to use elite seeds and hybrids of domestic selection. The article also proposes a set of measures to modernize the existing seed production system and ensure the stability of its inter-subject relations, which will provide the necessary conditions for increasing the level of efficiency of the seed production system and solving the problems identified in the Doctrine of Food Security of the Russian Federation.

Beet sugar subcomplex of Kazakhstan: the role of natural and geographical resource potential

Aim – the article reveals the problems of import dependence of sugar products in Kazakhstan, shows state programs for cultivation of sugar beets. Sugar factorie s are characterized by an annual decrease in the share of processing of domestic raw materials with a predominant predominance of sugar cane imported from abroad (Brazil, Cuba and Malaysia). Methods – statistical, cartographic, systemic and comparative analysis. Results – the authors note that according to official statistics, the share of sugar in domestic market is 58%, of which only 3% is locally produced. The main economic indicators of sugar beet subcomplex were determined: the level of productivity, gross harvest, production volumes of white refined sugar, production capacities of sugar industry, which have a high degree of depreciation, requiring modernization of technological equipment, which, in turn, requires large investments. The main reasons hindering the development of this industry were identified: reduction of sown areas in the southern regions of the republic, insufficient degree of use of Kazakh elite seeds and, accordingly, dependence on imported ones, high costs, low profitability at a low purchase price, problems with moisture supply, technical equipment for farmers. There is a positive experience of beet sowing in the northern r egions of the country (North Kazakhstan, Pavlodar, Akmo la regions) in order to reduce import d ependence on raw material base, which is due to the fact that natural and geographical potential of the country allows the effective development of sugar beet production in these regions. Conclusions – analyzing natural and climatic conditions, the authors state that the black soil zone in the north of Kazakhstan is favorable for cultivation of this crop, which is of particular importance during the period of acute shortage of granulated sugar and refined sugar. The de mand for it as the most important social product in the republic is increasing.

TYPES OF APPLE AND PEAR SEEDLINGS FOR INTENSIVE ORCHARDS IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS

The article provides an overview of the types of apple and pear seedlings used for establishing intensive orchards with 
 planting densities from 1000 to 6600 trees/ha. Annual and biennial seedlings, as well as double-stem seedlings (“bi-baum”)
 are used around the world. The quality requirements for the seedlings have been determined in accordance with the Law of the Republic of Belarus No. 102-Z “On selection and seed production of agricultural plants” dated May 7, 2021 and other regulations. The article contains criteria used in the certification of producers of original and elite seeds of agricultural plants,
 including seedlings, meristem materials and other generative and vegetative parts of agricultural plants intended for their propagation.

SYSTEM OF MEASURES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE VEGETABLE SEED MARKET IN THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS

Original and elite seeds of agricultural plants are the basis for production of reproductive seeds and contribute to an increase in the production of vegetable products, providing raw materials to processing companies of the republic. Greenhouse varieties and hybrids of vegetable crops have a high potential, have a complex of economically valuable features and can occupy a certain niche in professional and especially amateur vegetable growing. However, implementation of the potential of the created varieties and hybrids of vegetable crops is largely determined by the conditions of seed production. It has been determined, that the situation in the country is when over 85 % of the seeds of vegetable crops used for the production of vegetables are imported. At the same time, the production of the necessary volumes of seeds, which will ensure the standard production of vegetable products for consumption by the population and the manufacturing industry, is not only a factor in the development of the vegetable market, but also a condition for helping to guarantee the country’s food security. In this regard, it is necessary to intensify domestic selection and seed production in the vegetable sector. The article substantiates a practice-oriented system of measures for the development of the market of seeds of vegetable crops in the Republic of Belarus, including the following blocks of regulatory action: stimulating the development of the sphere of reproduction of vegetable seeds; improving the accounting of the movement of commodity flows in the market of vegetable seeds; integration of the country into the world system of commodity seed production of vegetable crops; ensuring traceability of seed turnover based on digitalization; development of an integrated technical and economic approach to the implementation of production activities; monitoring of the market of seeds of vegetable crops. The development contains a set of systematized tools, the use of which allows justifying effective management decisions in the field of agro-industrial complex for the effective formation of a favorable organizational and economic environment for the production and sale of competitive seeds of vegetable crops of domestic selection.

YIELD STRUCTURE AND GRAIN QUALITY OF SPRING WHEAT VARIETIES OF ALTAI AND FOREIGN SELECTION (TYUMENTSEVSKY DISTRICT, ALTAI KRAI)

Wheat is one of the three major agricultural crops worldwide. The yield of any agricultural crop, including spring soft wheat, largely depends on compliance with regional requirements during its cultivation, while variety is one of the decisive factors. The current research aims to identify the difference in the yield structure and grain quality of spring wheat varieties of Altai and foreign selection for the Tyumentsevsky district (Altai Krai) for the first time.
 The tasks are as follows: (1) to analyze the growing season weather conditions, (2) to compare the yield, yield structure elements, and indicators of grain quality, and (3) to find the best variety of spring soft wheat. Sampling during the experiment and processing of the results was carried out in accordance with standard methods. There was a difference in the yield structure and grain quality of spring wheat varieties of Altai and foreign selection in the Tyumentsevsky district of Altai Krai. The 2020 growing season was extreme, with droughts, higher temperatures, and precipitation lower than in multiannual terms.
 A comparison of varieties has shown the highest yield variability. The highest amount of grains (21.1 c/ha) was received by Variant 2 – Altayskaya 75 (elite seeds). The research results have shown that it is best to use the varieties of local selection to obtain the maximum yield of spring soft wheat in the conditions of the Tyumentsevsky district of Altai Krai.

ВЛИЯНИЕ СРОКОВ УДАЛЕНИЯ БОТВЫ НА УРОЖАЙ И КАЧЕСТВО КЛУБНЕЙ КАРТОФЕЛЯ В УСЛОВИЯХ ЛЕСОСТЕПИ СРЕДНЕГО ПОВОЛЖЬЯ

Studies aimed at developing optimal planting dates, rocs and methods of removing tops that ensure increased yield, resistance to mechanical damage and shelf life of potato tubers during storage were carried out in 2019-2021 in the Republic of Tatarstan. A drought-resistant early-ripening variety was grown. The soil of the experimental site is gray forest, medium loamy, with a humus content of 3.60...3.75%, easily hydrolyzable nitrogen – 124...136 mg/kg, mobile phosphorus – 148...152 mg/kg, potassium – 162…172 mg/kg. The predecessor is winter wheat. Meteorological conditions in 2019 and 2021 they were characterized by close to the average annual, and 2020 – arid. Planting in all years was carried out with elite seeds in 4 terms after 7 days, starting from May 10. The scheme of the experiment included the following options for removing the tops in the usual (mowing) and combined (mowing and processing stubble with desiccant) ways: on the day of harvesting (control), 6, 10, 14 and 18 days before harvesting potato tubers. Planting potatoes in 1 planting period provided a yield depending on the year of 27.65...30.24 t/ ha. The delay in planting for 7 days led to a decrease in yield on average for 3 years by 3.22 t/ha. Planting tubers 14 days after the first potato planting period, respectively, reduced yields depending on the year by 5.74...6.26 t/ha. Planting potatoes at the 4th planting period, that is, after 21 days, reduced potato yield by 7.89...9.48 t/ha. The timing of the removal of the tops affected the level of potato crop formation. Removal of the tops 6 days before harvesting reduced the yield of potatoes, compared with the control, by 6.1 t / ha, when mowing potato tops 18 days before harvesting – by 10.4 t / ha, and with the combined method of removing the tops − by 6.4 t/ ha

ИНТЕГРАЛЬНАЯ ОЦЕНКА БИОКЛИМАТИЧЕСКИХ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИК УЛЬЯНОВСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ В ТЕРРИТОРИАЛЬНОМ РАЗРЕЗЕ

The article discusses the main approaches to increasing the volume of grain production and maximizing the use of bioclimatic potential in changing climatic conditions, and studying comprehensive assessments of the factors of potential and actually possible production by crops. The initial information for the research was the data of surface meteorological observations from 1990 to 2019 at six meteorological stations located on the territory of the Ulyanovsk region. In assessing long-term changes in agrometeorological parameters, Fourier expansion was used, and the parameters of the best sinusoidal approximation of the maximum and minimum points were determined. It was revealed that over the past three decades, there has been a steady increase in the average annual temperature (5.2 ° C), especially in the cold season. Moisture supply is more chaotic, the change is heterogeneous, varying from 280 mm (2012) to 664 mm (2017) and the average value for 1990-2019 is 498 mm. Barley (8.3 t/ha) has the greatest potential among grain crops in terms of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), rye has the smallest (6.4 t/ha). In terms of the amount of thermal resources and moisture, rye reaches the maximum crop production, winter wheat is sensitive to moisture, and barley to temperature conditions. Moisture resources are the limiting factor in agricultural production, and therefore the level of use of bioclimatic potential varies from 19 to 29% in PAR, from 25 to 44% in moisture resources, and from 32.8 to 66% in thermal regime. Therefore, among the priority problems associated with adaptation work is analytical and practical activities in the field of assessment and analysis of the transformation of agriculture, ensuring its sustainability for adaptation to modern changes in climatic conditions. To adapt to modern changes in climatic conditions, it is necessary to improve the structure of sown areas, the use of effective fertilizers, technical equipment, the use of elite seeds, modern technologies. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the objective function of the bioclimatic potential of development against the background of global warming, the consideration of the system of potentials for the agricultural development of the region. The work is of practical importance, since the assessments being developed are a necessary tool in ensuring the target orientation of a unified regional policy in relation to the formation and use of development potential, including contributing to the formation of an idea of the real and potential opportunities of the region.

Переработка семян масличных культур в сельскохозяйственных организациях Красноярского края и выбор налоговой стратегии

The article assesses the feasibility and effectiveness of the project for the processing of oilseeds, the industrial production of vegetable oils and feed products in the Krasnoyarsk Territory. The results of a marketing study of the oil and fat products market and a positioning option for an unconventional group of vegetable oils are presented. The analysis of the financial and economic activities of the leading enterprise of the agro-industrial complex of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, specializing in breeding, production and sale of elite seeds of wheat, barley, oats, was carried out; the prospects for organizing the production of oilseeds processing on its basis were determined. The connection of the project with the need to achieve the strategic goal of the region in meeting the needs of the population in locally produced products and a complex socio-economic effect (jobs, tax deductions) is reflected. The costs of the project and the main financial and economic performance indicators are presented. Options for taxation in the implementation of a project for the processing of oilseeds are considered, and the tax burden is determined. Directions for optimizing taxation and improving the financial results of economic activity in the implementation of a project for the processing of oilseeds are proposed. It is proved that for the leading enterprise of the agro-industrial complex of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, when implementing a project for the processing of oilseeds, it is advisable to apply the general taxation system.

LABORATORY TESTING OF A GRAVITY COLUMN FOR CLEANING AND CALIBRATING OF SOYBEAN SEEDS

With the increase in the sown areas of soybeans, the load on grain cleaning machines also increases, where the sieve traditionally remains the main part for cleaning. The biggest drawback of the sieve is its clogging with impurities and halves of soybean seeds. There is impurity of crushed soy (soy halves) in the final product. To solve this issue, it is necessary to develop a device with high quality indicators of the final product (absence of crushed soy) and low energy consumption. (Research purpose) The research purpose is conducting laboratory studies of a gravity plant for high efficient separation and calibration of soybean seeds. (Materials and methods) The article presents the design and technological schemes of the gravity cleaning machine. The prototype of the cleaning machine can perform both cleaning and calibration of soybean seeds. Authors tested the developed plant for cleaning and calibration of soybean seeds by gravity. (Results and discussion) With an increase in the amount of material released into the waste fraction, the purity of seeds in the seed fraction increases. Seed losses increase to 19.15 percent with an increase in the mass of the waste fraction, but they differ sharply in quality from seeds in the purified material; the mass of 1000 pieces of seeds was 1.4-2.6 times lower. When 4.26 percent of the material was put into the waste, the mass of 1000 pieces of seeds in the waste was 102.03 grams, and in the purified material of 224.89 grams; during calibration, the purity of each fraction of the corresponding size was at least 98.96 percent. (Conclusions) The plant with a capacity of up to 3,619 tons per hour allows separating and calibrating soybean seeds of the original and elite seeds category GOST R 52325-2005. At the same time seed losses are of 0.46-1.38 percent, but these are defective seeds with a mass of 1000 pieces more than twice the mass of 1000 pieces of seeds in the purified material.

МОНИТОРИНГ СОДЕРЖАНИЯ СОРТОВОЙ ПРИМЕСИ В ПИТОМНИКАХ ПЕРВИЧНОГО И ЭЛИТНОГО СЕМЕНОВОДСТВА ЛЬНА-ДОЛГУНЦА

The most common reason for varietal impurities of long-stalked type in the crops of fiber flax is non-compliance with the basic requirements of internal control when working with several flax varieties on the farm or when carrying out a variety change. During field testing, the identification of biological impurity of the intermediate type is not completely carried out due to the unevenness of the crops. Due to morphological similarity of fiber flax varieties, it is impossible to determine the percentage of mechanical variety impurities of the long-stalked type. The aim of the research is to study the reproduction dynamics of variety impurity of K-7009 long- stalked form of flax, which has a yellow color of seeds, in the seeds of fiber flax contaminated with it after 6-year sowing. The aim is also to clarify the parameter of variety purity of fiber flax seeds of the following categories: genuine seeds (GS) and elite seeds (ES) in State Standard GOST R 52325-2005. The research was carried out in 2015-2020 in the field conditions of the Experimental field of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Federal Scientific Center of Bast Cultures" in Tver region. The objects of the study were plants and seeds of Antey fiber flax variety (control). The usage of variety admixture of the long-stalked flax form with a marker trait made it possible to accurately determine its content in the crop in case of seed multiplication in nurseries of primary seed growing, superelite (GS) and elite (ES). It was found that variety contamination of fiber flax seeds with variety admixture in the amount of 0.2-1.0% did not affect the yield of seeds and straw. As a result of five-year reproduction of seeds in the crops of GS category, an increase in the amount of variety impurity was noted by 0.1-1.3%, in the ES category - by 0.3-2.1% compared to initial contamination. Based on the obtained experimental data, it was recommended to reduce variety purity index for the category of genuine fiber flax seeds in State Standard GOST R 52325-2005 to 99.5%, elite - to 90%.

Эконометрические методы прогнозирования производственных отраслей АПК

Aim. Development and justification of the calculation and analytical tool and adaptation of the methodology of its use to the laws of the development of individual branches of agricultural production and scientific interpretation of promising directions of their development. Materials and Methods. In the course of the work, econometric models were used, the main ones of which should be considered correlation and regression, including ridge regression, simulation and trend. The method of simulation modeling was supplemented by the method of expert assessments. Calculations of econometric models were carried out using the SPSS Statistics, Mathcad packages and the FAR-AREA 4.0 software tool. Results. Calculations using econometric models allowed us to develop and justify three author's scenarios for the development of sunflower production in the region: inertial, moderate and optimistic, in the context of the implementation of an export-oriented strategy in the agro-industrial complex for the period up to 2023. Conclusion. To implement the conditions of all three variants of the forecast of sunflower production, it is necessary to increase the use of elite seeds of domestic production and imported seeds in the structure of crops, as well as to ensure a positive dynamics of the introduction of plant protection products per 1 hectare of sown area, which in the future will contribute to the growth of crop yields. The forecast parameters of sunflower yield obtained by us in 2023 in the Rostov region for all three variants are realistic and correspond to the production conditions of the region.