ВЛИЯНИЕ СРОКОВ УДАЛЕНИЯ БОТВЫ НА УРОЖАЙ И КАЧЕСТВО КЛУБНЕЙ КАРТОФЕЛЯ В УСЛОВИЯХ ЛЕСОСТЕПИ СРЕДНЕГО ПОВОЛЖЬЯ

Abstract

Studies aimed at developing optimal planting dates, rocs and methods of removing tops that ensure increased yield, resistance to mechanical damage and shelf life of potato tubers during storage were carried out in 2019-2021 in the Republic of Tatarstan. A drought-resistant early-ripening variety was grown. The soil of the experimental site is gray forest, medium loamy, with a humus content of 3.60...3.75%, easily hydrolyzable nitrogen – 124...136 mg/kg, mobile phosphorus – 148...152 mg/kg, potassium – 162…172 mg/kg. The predecessor is winter wheat. Meteorological conditions in 2019 and 2021 they were characterized by close to the average annual, and 2020 – arid. Planting in all years was carried out with elite seeds in 4 terms after 7 days, starting from May 10. The scheme of the experiment included the following options for removing the tops in the usual (mowing) and combined (mowing and processing stubble with desiccant) ways: on the day of harvesting (control), 6, 10, 14 and 18 days before harvesting potato tubers. Planting potatoes in 1 planting period provided a yield depending on the year of 27.65...30.24 t/ ha. The delay in planting for 7 days led to a decrease in yield on average for 3 years by 3.22 t/ha. Planting tubers 14 days after the first potato planting period, respectively, reduced yields depending on the year by 5.74...6.26 t/ha. Planting potatoes at the 4th planting period, that is, after 21 days, reduced potato yield by 7.89...9.48 t/ha. The timing of the removal of the tops affected the level of potato crop formation. Removal of the tops 6 days before harvesting reduced the yield of potatoes, compared with the control, by 6.1 t / ha, when mowing potato tops 18 days before harvesting – by 10.4 t / ha, and with the combined method of removing the tops − by 6.4 t/ ha