The nutritional regime of ordinary chernozem depending on the methods of its processing and fertilizers in the Northern Steppe of Ukraine

Abstract

Recently, negative processes have been spreading in Ukraine related to the deterioration of the economic situation, the rapid increase in the prices of mineral fertilizers and the limitation of their use, the reduction in the volume of traditional organic fertilizers, and the replacement of traditional tillage on systems with moldboard-free and other resource-saving ones. The consequences of this is loss of soil fertility. The global climate changes observed in Ukraine, which directly affect the vegetation and soil formation processes contributes to the consequences as well. Consequently, there is a need for further and more detailed study of the impact of various tillage systems and fertilizers on soil fertility to prevent negative processes in it and to develop measures for adapting agriculture in accordance with climatic and socio-economic realities. Studying the influence of primary processing methods and fertilizers on the fertility indicators of common black soil in a field rotation link: winter wheat after corn MVR (milk-wax ripeness) – peas – winter wheat in the Northern Steppe of Ukraine to prevent negative phenomena associated with modern soil formation processes, and, in the future, the development of scientifically based recommendations on the cultivation of these crops in the new socio-economic and climatic conditions. The studied methods for treating ordinary heavy loamy chernozem in the field rotation link: winter wheat on corn MVR – peas – winter wheat on the background of dump plowing for corn in the Northern Steppe of Ukraine have a different effect on its nutritional regime. The treatment, based on loosening without dump, improves the agrochemical parameters of the arable layer, contributes to an increase in the amount of nitrate nitrogen, mobile phosphorus and exchange potassium in the soil layer of 0-30 cm compared to plowing. Background plowing for maize in crop rotation reduces drastic differentiation by nutrients by soil profile. The use of mineral fertilizers (recommended in the region: for peas – N45P35K15, winter wheat – N60P60K30; calculated for the planned crop: respectively, N50P30K20 and N90P80K70) contributes to an increase in the content of nitrate nitrogen, mobile phosphorus and exchange potassium in the 0-30 cm layer in the studied options and increase crop productivity. Changes in the agrochemical parameters of the soil did not result in the appearance of a significant difference in their yield on the treatment options. Key words: soil, processing, fertilizers, nitrate nitrogen, mobile phosphorus, exchange potassium, crop rotation.