Elements Of Yield Structure Research Articles

Formation of white lupine productivity depending on the fertilization and pre-sowing seed treatment

Purpose. Intensification of generative development of white lupine plants in order to increase the rate of crop yield using the inoculant, fungicide and plant growth stimulator of biological origin and foliar nutrition with microfertilizer in the optimum time. Methods. Field (to study the interaction of the object of research with biotic and abiotic factors); morphophysiological (for biological control of the development of productivity elements in the stages of organogenesis); weighing (to set parameters of indices of the yield structure elements and determine grain yield); statistical (statistical processing of research results).Results. The article presents the results of research on the influence of bio-agents, in particular inoculant, fungicide and plant growth stimulator as well as foliar nutrition with microfertilizer in chelate form in various stages of organogenesis on the generative development of white lupine plants of «Chabanskyi» variety with an intermediate type of stem branching, formation of the elements of productivity and plant productivity. The optimal time period for foliar nutrition of plants is identified. It is established that the formation of the maximum mass of grain by plants in the experiment (13 g) requires the technology of white lupine growing that involves application of N30P45K90, planting of seeds treated with bio-inoculant BTU-r and bio-fungicide MikoHelp at a wide row spacing and seeding rate of 1.0 million seeds per hectare, spraying of plants in the branching phase with plant growth stimulator ‘Ratchet’ and foliar nutrition with micro-fertilizer Trazeks in the second stage of organogenesis.

ДЕЙСТВИЕ ЭКЗОГЕННЫХ РЕГУЛЯТОРОВ РОСТА НА ПОКАЗАТЕЛИ СТРУКТУРЫ УРОЖАЯ ЗЕРНА ЛЮПИНА БЕЛОГО И ЕГО КАЧЕСТВО

Effect of exogenous growth regulators on structure indices of grain yield and its quality of white lupin varieties Dega and Alyi parus are presented. Comparative analysis of action of chemicals Circon, Epin-extra, Gibberellin, Zavyaz on implementation of pod forming potential, plant productivity, number of pods, seeds per a plant and 1000 seed weight is given. The tested varieties differed in response degree to action of the chemicals. It’s established that the tested chemicals increased the yield of var. Dega by 6.0–7.2% (average during research years). The average increasing of the yield of var. Alyi parus made 20.6–22.0%. In addition it was noticed that the tested chemicals increased the seed size of main stem. Crude protein content in seeds of the var. Dega was 34.7–37.2%; of the var. Alyi parus it was 36.9–37.8%. After the treatment with these chemicals the tendency to increasing of this parameter has been no-ticed. Growth regulators have positive action on elements of white lupin yield structure. The plant productivity increasing made 5.0–10.0% after treatment of growth regulators, after double treatment it made 17.0–28.0%. Seed number growth took place also. In case of double treatment with Epin-extra this index of var. Alyi parus was the highest and made 17.3% compared to the standard and to the treatment with Zavyaz — 22.8%.

The effect of sowing date on productivity of soybean varieties developed by the ARC “Donskoy" in the south of the Rostov region

Soybean is the most important food protein and oil grain crop in the world. However, in the Rostov region, the areas under this crop are insignificant (12.3 thousand hectares or 0.21% of the arable land in 2015). As the Rostov region is the zone of insufficient and unstable moistening, soybean is a promising leguminous crop, which is resistant to lodging and to damage by diseases. The studies were conducted in 2016-2017 to determine soybean response to different sowing time. The research work was carried out on the fields of the FSBSI “Agricultural Scientific Center “Donskoy” (the laboratory of cultivation technologies of row crops) located in the southern soil-climatic zone of the Rostov region. The soil of the test plot is ordinary blackearth (chernozem), heavy loamy, carbonate on forestry loam, with such agrochemical indicators of soil as 3.36% of humus; 7.0 of pH; 24.4 of P2O5; 360 mg of K2O per kg of soil. The object of research was the soybean varieties “Don 21” and “Diva” approved for use in the Rostov region. The article presents the results on the effect of sowing dates on the length of the vegetation period, the elements of yield structure and productivity of soybean seeds. The length of the vegetation period varied depending on the sowing time and was the shortest in the fourth term of sowing, viz. 110 and 116 days for the varieties “Don 21” and “Diva” respectively. The highest values of the elements of the yield structure (the number of beans per plant (21.7 and 19.5 pcs.), seeds' weight per plant (3.87 and 3.58 g) and 1000-seeds weight (146.9 and 146.7 g) were identified in the variety “Diva” (the third sowing term) and in the variety “Don 21” (the second sowing term). In the same variants of the trial, the maximum yields were produced by the varieties “Diva” and “Don 21” (1.38 and 1.25 t/ha respectively).

The analysis of quantitative traits of self-pollinated lines of waxy maize (Zea Mays L. Ceratina)

The grain productivity and elements of yield structure of 34 new self-pollinated lines of the subspecies of waxy maize (Zea mays L. ceratina) have been studied. The elements of structure varied according to their effect on yield formation of these self-pollinated lines. The traits “number of cobs per plant”, “number of kernels per cob”, “number of rows with kernels” were of the great value, the trait “1000-kernels weight” was of the small value. The correlation analysis and the analysis of surface graphs identified the possibility to combine the largest values of complementary traits of the waxy maize lines. In 2015–2017 there was no any correlation between the traits “number of cobs per plant” and “weight of one cob” (r = –0.17±0.17…+0.16±0.17). Grain productivity of the lines increased proportionally to the increase of cob weight and a number of cobs per plant. In 2015 there was an average negative correlation between the traits “1000-kernels weight” and “number of kernels per cob” (r = –0.37±0.16), and in 2016–2017 there was no any correlation at all (r = –0.12±0.18, r = –0.10±0.18). The maximum productivity was formed at the combination of maximum values of the traits (241 g of “1000-kernels weight”; 540 pc. of “number of kernels per cob”). There was a tendency to the increase of a number of kernels together with the rise of kernel rows (r = 0.18±0.17…0.32±0.17). The largest productivity was formed at a maximum quantity of kernel rows (18 pc) and optimal quantity of kernels per row (30 pc). There was no correlation between “weight of one cob” and “number of kernel per cob” (r = –0.18±0.17…+0.27±0.17). The combination of the maximum values of the productivity traits promoted the formation of maximum grain yield. There have been identified the new self-pollinated lines of waxy maize “24/78”, “Wx2MP”, “21/82 (1)”, “25/75” with high grain productivity (1.0–2.42 t/ha) and large values of the productivity traits.

Influence of pre-sowing seed treatment with bacterial agents on major elements of haricot bean yield structure

Taking into consideration the direct dependence of seed yield and quality of haricot beans on combination of elements of its yield structure, we set an objective to evaluate effects of variety peculiarities and pre-sowing seed treatment with bacterial agents on major parameters of the yield structure under the conditions of the eastern forest-steppe of Ukraine.Materials and methods. The study was carried out in the Training, Research and Production Center “Opytnoye Pole" of Kharkiv National Agrarian University named after V.V. Dokuchaev in accordance with conventional methods in 2015–2017.The two-factor experiment was carried out by randomized replications in accordance with the complete factorial desing in four replicas. Three common haricot bean varieties (factor A) were studied during the experiment: 1 – Pervomaiskaia (control); 2 – Dokuchaievska; 3 – Panna. The plots of the second order (factor B) were the following variants of pre-sowing seed treatment with the bacterial agents: 1 – control (no seed treatment); 2 – Rhizobophyt (R); 3 – R+Phosphoenterin (Ph); 4 – R+Ph+Biopolicide; 5 – R+Ph+Aurill; 6 – cyanorhizobial complex.The weather conditions in 2015–2017 differed considerably in temperature and precipitation amount and distribution from the multi-year averages, and they approached the extreme values during certain periods. At the same time, this enabled more thorough investigation of the influence of the growing technology elements on the adaptation of haricot bean plants of changing abiothic factors. Considerable fluctuations in the main meteorological indices over the study years enabled more thorough evaluation of the effects of the studied elements on fulfillment of the genetic potential of seed yields in the haricot bean varieties of interest.Results and discussion. On average over the three years, the pre – sowing seed treatment with mixture of bacterial agents Rhizobophyt+Phosphoenterin+Aurill ensured the maximum seed weight per plant in all the varieties. The maximum seed weight per plant in this variant was due to a great number of beans per plant with slightly more plants per area unit. As to the seed number per raceme, this variant was similar to the others.It should be mentioned that new variety Panna had an advantage over other varieties in terms of the yield structure elements. The advantage of this variety was noticed in all the variants of pre-sowing seed treatment with bacterial agents. At the same time, differences between the seed weight per plant in the varieties under investigation were slightly smoothed over in the variants of complex pre-sowing seed treatment. For example, in the control (no seed treatment) the difference in the three-year average seed weights per plant amounted to0.99 gbetween Pervomaiskaia and Panna, however, after pre-sowing seed treatment with Rhizobophyt+Phosphoenterin+Aurill it only was0.38 g. The same tendency was noticed in the other variants.The maximum biological seed productivity was achieved in Panna after pre-sowing seed treatment with mixture Rhizobophyt+Phosphoenterin+Aurill. The essential advantage of this variant of pre-sowing seed treatment was seen in comparison with the control in all the years. Statistical analysis showed that in 2016 and 2017 this variant ensured a considerable gain in the yield in comparison with the other variants. The other variants of pre-sowing seed treatment with agent mixtures did not ensure a significant gain in the biological seed productivity of haricot beans in comparison with Rhizobophyt treatment.Conclusions. New variety Panna had higher values of the yield structure elements and higher biological seed productivity during all the study years. This variety is recommended for regions of the Eastern Forest-Steppe in Ukraine. To better fulfill the potential productivity of this variety, it is advisable to treat its seeds with agents Rhizobophyt+Phosphoenterin+Aurill at the recommended doses before sowing.

Assessment of soft winter wheat breeding numbers adaptability by the number of grains in the spike

Assessment of soft winter wheat breeding numbers adaptability by the number of grains in the spike

Influence of microelements and attractants on the elements of yield structure and yield of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) seeds

A field experiment with the cultivation of white clover for seeds (Barda cv.) was carried out in 2009–2012, in the Experimental Farm in Parczew (22°53'60"E, 51°37'59"N), on typical brown soil (bonitation class IVb), by the split-plot method, in four replicates. The studies included: foliar fertilization with microelements (B + Mo) and attractant – Pollinus. The number of heads per 1 m2, number of pods and seeds in the head as well as the seed yield were determined. Weather conditions had the decisive influence on the yield of seeds and main elements of its structure. The highest seed yield (305.4 kg·ha–1) was obtained in 2010 characterized by more favorable thermal conditions and rainfall in the generative clover sub-period, slightly lower in 2012 (287.7 kg·ha–1), and the lowest in 2011 (49.3 kg·ha–1). Fertilization with microelements (B + Mo) significantly increased the number of heads per 1 m2, the number of seeds in the head and the seed yield. The attractant used at the beginning and full flowering of clover significantly increased the yield of seeds by 35.2 and 78.0 kg·ha–1, respectively. The highest yield of white clover seeds (482.6 kg·ha–1) was obtained due to foliar fertilization with boron and molybdenum and using the attractant – Pollinus to fully flowering plants.

Genetics of some quantitative traits of the rice hybrid CR-1009 (SUB-1) × Novator

Quantitative traits which are characterized by a wide range of variability in different locations are of great importance for produc­tivity formation. They are plant height, panicle length, number of spikelets and kernels per panicle, 1000-kernel weight, etc. The study of genetic basis of quantitative traits of rice, which are the main elements of yield structure, is an important problem and its solution is necessary to speed up breeding process. The article deals with the establishing of inheritance type, quantity of allelic variants of genes, which participate in determination of some quantitative traits of the rice hybrid obtained from hybridization of the varieties “CR-1009 (Sub-1)” and “Novator”. The genetic analysis of trait splitting has been carried out by the computer program “Polygen A”. The inheritance of the trait “plant height” occurred was of the type of incomplete domination of large values of the trait, the parental forms varied in two pairs of genes. By the panicle length, monogenic differences of the crossed varieties were observed. According to the number of spikelets per panicle, full dominance of the greater value of the trait was identified. The interaction of two genes was identified, with each parental form having both recessive and dominant alleles, but in different loci. Estimating number of kernels per panicle, there were allelic differences in two loci and trait splitting was in a ratio of 9 : 6 : 1. Trait splitting along the length and width of the spikelet was transgressive and was characterized by the dominance of smaller values of the trait. According to 1000-kernel weight, incomplete dominance of smaller values of the trait and monogenic differences of the initial parental forms have been estab­lished. According to kernel weight per panicle, the digenous differences of the parental forms and the splitting in a ratio of 15 : 1 were identified. The information that differences are determined by two pairs of main genes can be used in practical breeding. It will allow reducing the amount work to obtain recombinants with the desired combination of characteristics.

Influence of microelements and attractants on the elements of yield structure and yield of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) seeds

Influence of microelements and attractants on the elements of yield structure and yield of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) seeds

The influence of fertilizer system and efficacy of growth regulator on buckwheat productivity under the conditions of north-east forest steppe of Ukraine

The influence of mineral fertilizers and growth stimulator on buckwheat productivity under the conditions of north-east forest steppe of Ukraine is researched. On the basis of conducted researches it was defined that macro- and microelements influenced the amount of chlorophyll in buckwheat leaves. On the average in the research the content of chlorophyll in buckwheat leaves was 4.51-4.95 mg per g of wet weight. In the research, as for the influence on chlorophyll content, the variant with application of N 45 P 45 K 45 – 4 . 95 mg / g was the best one. It was more on 0.44 mg/g in comparison with control variant (4.51 mg/g). Applying growth stimulator Humifild VR-18 and N 34 chlorophyll content increased on 0,21, 0,38 mg/gr of wet weight. In the variants with the dose of mineral fertilizers N 45 P 45 K 45 kg/ha the maximum display of plant height was noted in flowering period – 94.0 and 115.0 cm in fruiting stage. In fruiting stage the greatest number of leaves was formed by the dose of mineral fertilizers N 45 P 45 K 45 – 26 . 0 pieces per plant. It was more on 8.3 % (24.0 pieces per plant) by N 34 , on 30.0 % (20,0 pieces per plant) by Humifild VR-18 and on 53.0 % (17,0 pieces per plant) without fertilizers. The research findings show that such elements of yield structure as the amount of grain from a plant, grain weight from a plant, weight per 1000 seeds, technological index of grain quality and uniformity aggregate in the best way by mineral fertilizer application in the dose N 45 P 45 K 45 . The use of growth stimulator Humifild VR-18 and mineral fertilizer in the dose N 34 affected negatively first of all plant population and its conservation during the growing season, grain content of a plant, grain weight from a plant, weight per 1000 seeds and uniformity. On the average during the years of research the highest indices of productivity were gained by the use of mineral fertilizer in the dose N 45 P 45 K 45 . It facilitated the maximal weight of 1000 seeds – 30.1 g with grain amount on a plant – 48.7 pieces, grain weight from a plant -1.4 g and the highest uniformity in the experiment – 82.4 %.

Структура урожая озимых пшенично-пырейных гибридов в средней полосе России

Рассмотрены результаты работы по отдаленной гибридизации пшеницы с дикими сородичами, в частности с пырем сизым (Agropyron glaucum) и пыреем удлиненным (Agropyron elongatum). При гибридизации различных сортов пшеницы и пырея с последующим беккроссом был создан большой гибридный фонд, включающий разнообразные пшенично-пырейные гибриды (ППГ) как промежуточного, так и пшеничного типа. Образцы ППГ пшеничного типа не уступают стандартным сортам озимой мягкой пшеницы по урожайности и адаптивным свойствам. Все наблюдения по озимым ППГ проводили в 2007 – 2015 гг. на полях в средней полосе России. Полевые эксперименты и лабораторный анализ растений выполняли по общепринятой методике. Изучены показатели структуры урожая озимых ППГ. Установлено, что у лучших сортообразцов стабильная зерновая продуктивность в разные по погодным условиям годы обусловлена развитыми компенсаторными эффектами по элементам структуры урожая. Средняя зерновая продуктивность озимых ППГ за 8 лет составила 541,3 г/м2 с варьированием от 416,2 г/м2 (в неблагоприятном 2013 г.) до 675,7 г/м2 (в 2014 г.), а максимальный уровень достигнутой зерновой продуктивности в предварительном сортоиспытании составил 735 г/м2 (у ППГ 261 в 2014 г.). При этом продуктивность у большинства ППГ за прошедшие годы была выше стандартов. Определены оптимальные параметры растения озимого ППГ: высокая зимостойкость, средняя длина стебля, плотный хорошо озерненный колос. Корреляционный анализ показал, что в наибольшей степени с продуктивностью связан такой показатель, как число продуктивных стеблей на 1 м2 (r = 0,53 ± 0,18), при этом в разные годы коэффициент корреляции варьировал от 0,31 до 0,94.

ВЛИЯНИЕ ЭЛЕМЕНТОВ СТРУКТУРЫ УРОЖАЯ НА ПОДУКТИВНОСТЬ ЯЧМЕНЯ ЯРОВОГО (HORDEUM VULGARE L.) В УСЛОВИЯХ КРАЙНЕГО СЕВЕРА РФ

Yield structure elements of four productive accessions have been studied in the competitive variety testing nursery at Arkhangelsk Research Institute of Agriculture. Correlation analysis has been carried out between productivity, growing season, and yield structure elements. Priority elements of yield structure in the Extreme North environments are: productive tillering, 1000 grain weight, and ear length. An important factor is the duration of the growing season which correlates directly with productivity.

The effect of biological preparation Fertenat on spring wheat productivity and quality

The research of the biological preparation Fertenat effect on spring wheat was investigated at the Experimental Station of Aleksandras Stulginskis University in Calc(ar)i-Epihypogleyic Luvisol (LVG-pw-cc) during 2013–2014. Spring wheat was grown according to the requirements of the National Agricultural Products Quality System. Biological preparation Fertenat had a significant effect on the elements of spring wheat yield structure and the values of chemical composition parameters, influenced by the rates of biological preparation and meteorological conditions. A strong correlation was found between the Fertenat rates and spring wheat plant stem and ear length, grain number per ear, total and productive stem number of one plant and 1 000 grain and hectolitre weight. The correlation between the biological preparation rates and protein, wet and dry gluten was strong as well. A strong correlation between the biological preparation rates and starch amount in grain was found in 2013, while in 2014 this correlation was moderate. The application of biological preparation Fertenat increased the spring wheat yield by 0.05–0.30 t ha–1 or by 2.29–13.76 percent units and by 0.02–0.41 t ha–1 or 0.40–8.23 percent units. The application of 6 l ha–1 and higher Fertenat rates significantly increased the spring wheat yield. Small 1–3 l ha–1 rates are inefficient. The correlation between the Fertenat rates and grain productivity was strong.

ИЗУЧЕНИЕ ОСНОВНЫХ ЭЛЕМЕНТОВ СТРУКТУРЫ УРОЖАЯ ЯРОВОГО ЯЧМЕНЯ С ЦЕЛЬЮ СОЗДАНИЯ ЦЕННОГО ИСХОДНОГО СЕЛЕКЦИОННОГО МАТЕРИАЛА

ИЗУЧЕНИЕ ОСНОВНЫХ ЭЛЕМЕНТОВ СТРУКТУРЫ УРОЖАЯ ЯРОВОГО ЯЧМЕНЯ С ЦЕЛЬЮ СОЗДАНИЯ ЦЕННОГО ИСХОДНОГО СЕЛЕКЦИОННОГО МАТЕРИАЛА

INTENSITY OF QUANTITATIVE TRAITS VARIATION OF THE SOYBEAN STARTING MATERIAL

The study of variability degree of the traits-elements of the yield structure in specific soil-climatic conditions is of great importance for the making of highly productive and yielding varieties. The variability of the plant organism is determined by the genetic predisposition and depends on the growing conditions, including the meteorological features of the growing season. To determine the maximum and minimum values of the quantitative characteristics of the initial material, we studied the oscillation coefficient (Vr). It made it possible to estimate the extreme points of fluctuations of variability relative to the mean, showed the potential for the rate of reaction of the geno-types of the introducing soybean samples under changing growing conditions. Comparative field studies of Glycine max L. populations of different origins were conducted in 2015-2016 in the Moscow region conditions and revealed different variability strength of quantitative traits and their data changes. Variation characteristics of yield structure elements were studied in the populations representing 190 soybean Russian and foreign breeding samples of 000-00 ripeness groups. We used assessment of the variation intensity according to the structural yield analysis. Using structural analysis we selected individual plants and made breeding lines with the best combination of yield structure elements. Analysis of variance defined the diversity contribution of different collection samples in total variance of each quantitative trait. We studied the variability of the following indicators: plant height, height of attachment of the lower bean, number of branches per plant, number of beans per plant, number of productive nodes, average number of beans in a node, number of seeds per plant, average number of seeds in a bean, weight of seeds per plant, weight of 1000 seeds. We identified different intensities of each variations, features by years. The suitability of soybean varieties for mechanized harvesting is largely determined by the height of the attachment of the lower bean, which directly affects crop losses. Oscillation of the attachment height of the lower bean was on average high (Vr = 170%). This feature showed a high degree of fluctuations in population limits, which indicates a significant level of influence of modification variability. Variability analysis of yield structure elements revealed the stability of the following signs of breeding samples: average number of beans in a node (V = 21), average number of seeds in a bean (V = 14), weight of 1000 seeds (V = 28). Selection according featured promising starting material is the most rational.

Current problems of barley breeding in Azerbaijan

The aim and tasks of the study. The aim of the study was to identify and select introduced from İCARDA barley accessions from a collection, which would have a complex of valuable economic features for practical use in breeding for salt tolerance, resistance to drought, diseases, as well as lodging resistance on irrigation in Azerbaijan.Material and methods. The dryland experiments on drought resistance were carried out at Gobustan and Jalilabad Zonal Experiment Stations, Shekin Experiment Farm of Azerbaijan Institute of Agriculture in 2006-2014; on salt tolerance - at Shirvan Experiment Station in Azerbaijan Scientific-Research Institute of Cotton; in optimal conditions of irrigation - at Absheron Production and Experiment Farm and Terter Zonal Experiment Station. The study included more than 2,000 barley accessions.To assess the degree of soil salinity, the VA Kovda and GZ Azizov’s scale was used. Variations in the yield structure elements and yield capacity in comparison with the standard served as an index of resistance to stress.The study, phenological observations and evaluation of variety resistance to diseases were performed according to the International Classifier CMEA. Diseases were assessed on the natural infectious background in the phase of leaf-tube formation-ear formation. Lodging resistance was evaluated in the phase of ear formation-ripening.Results and discussion. According to the duration of the vegetation period, the accessions were divided into early-ripening (5-9 days earlier than the standard), mid-ripening (simultaneously with the standard or 1-4 days later) and late-ripening (5 or more days later than the standard). Genetic sources of earliness (176-190 days) were identified.According to the plant height, accessions were divided into five groups: 41-60 cm- semi-dwarf (138 accessions); 61-70 cm– short-growing (691 accessions); 71-80 cm– medium short-growing (827 accessions); 81-90 cm- medium-growing (301 accessions); and 96-110 cm- medium tall-growing (43 accessions). Morphological analysis demonstrated that the majority of lodging accessions were tall-growing. All the short-growing and medium short-growing varieties generally had resistance of 7-9 points. There is a negative correlation (r = - 0.418) between plant height and lodging resistance.Differences in susceptibility to plant diseases were noticeable between varieties. Among the studied accessions, 43.1% were mildly or moderately affected (1-5 points) by powdery mildew and barley leaf stripe disease. Approximately the same number (42.9%) were resistant (7 points), and only 14% were highly resistant (9 points).Among the elements of the productivity structure, 100-grain weight, ear length, spikelet number per ear comparatively less varied under stress, and productive tillering, kernel number per ear and grain yield varied the most strongly. These figures parameters slightly changed in stress-tolerant accessions.Conclusions. Thus, we selected accessions having a complex economically valuable features, which are worth more attention as source material for breeding barley varieties in different regions of Azerbaijan.

Methods to Increase Spring Rape Yield and Rape Product Quality in the Conditions of Central Black Earth Region Woodland Grass

The aim of research is the development of elements of spring rape cultivation technology based on complex micro fertilizers, herbicides, and more adaptive varieties and hybrids that can maximize the potential productivity of forest conditions in the Central Black Earth region. The article presents the results of research on biometrics and generally shows the productivity of spring rape foreign varieties and hybrids. It shows the results of studying the herbicide impact on weediness and productivity of spring rape. It was found that the use of tank-mix herbicide of water and glycol solution (0.3 l/ha) + Beryl, emulsion concentrate (0.7 l/ha) provided receiving clean harvests from weeds and high yield, and hybrids of foreign selection Siesta and Hidalgo ensure high yields and the largest oil gathering per 1 hectare. It was also found that one year after applying the herbicide Lear and Beryl in pure form and in a tank mixture there was no adverse effect on the subsequent sensitive harvests – fodder beet and soybean. The paper provides the results of studies on the effect of micronutrients on the elements of yield structure of spring rape and productivity in general. It was found that the use of micronutrients provided obtaining high yields.

Manifestations of modification capacity of winter triticale genotypes of forest-steppe and polissya ecotypes

We experimentally studied biocenotic manifestations of modification capacity of winter triticale genotypes of Forest-Steppe and Polissya ecotypes depending on agro-ecological factors. Winter triticale cultivars were studied as ecomorphological geocenoconsortiums that defined agro-ecological assessment of them, depending on genotypic and phenotypic characteristics.The aim and tasks of the study. The study purpose - to substantiate theoretically and develop methodological bases of ecosystem formation of highly productive winter triticale phytocenoses in the Forest-Steppe and Polissya of Ukraine.Material and Methods. The stationary studies were carried out in the Forest-Steppe, Forest-Steppe/Pollisya transition zone, and Pollisya. Winter triticale phytocenosis status was evaluated by morphological, biological and valuable economic traits of agrophytocenoses, their suitability for use in certain conditions of an ecotope. Parameters of yield structure elements, course of phenological developmental phases, dynamics of plant growth increment, length of growing season, leaf area, net photosynthetic productivity, photosynthetic potential, root system parameters in different soil horizons and tops were determined. Winter hardiness of ecomorphs in experiments was evaluated according to data of autumn and spring surveys od phytocenosis status.Results and Discussion. A scheme to create sustainable highly productive winter triticale phytocenoses at various hierarchical levels (autecological, demecological, consortium, zonal, biocenotic, ecosystem) through breeding and testing of ecomorphs (hybrids, lines) having a number of valuable economic and environmental traits was suggested. In addition to morphological and physiological characteristics of cultivars of specific ecotypes, ecomorphic peculiarities of cultivar response to impact of certain agrotechnical factors (mineral fertilizers, microbial agents, predecessors, seeding rate and timing) were proposed to use.Conclusions. Identification of winter triticale cultivars as ecomorphs provided design of a logically order

ПРОДУКТИВНОСТЬ И КЛУБЕНЬКООБРАЗУЮЩАЯ СПОСОБНОСТЬ У СОРТОВ ФАСОЛИ ОБЫКНОВЕННОЙВ УСЛОВИЯХ ПРЕДУРАЛЬЯ

Common bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) has a high nutritional value, its seeds contain a significant amount of protein and essential amino acids and vitamins. Furthermore, it can accumulate organic nitrogen in the soil due to nitrogen fixation. On the territory of the forest-steppe zone of Urals (Bashkortostan) in small plot experiments in homogeneous soil conditions during five years the elements of yield structure of four cultivars of common bean (Gornal, Ufimskaya, Zolotistaya and Elsa) were studied. In different soil and climatic conditions the distribution character (skewness) of seed production and nodule activity were compared. Сorrelations between agro-meteorological factors, nodules number and productivity were determined. In one of these experiments there were watering and using of start doses of fertilizers (PK) 45. The remaining experiments were carried out in a natural agricultural background without irrigation. The seeds yield of local cultivars (Gornal, Ufimskaya, Zolotiataya) in homogeneous soil conditions on leached chernozem (Ufa district) ranged from 18 to 22 kg/ha. High seed productivity of a new cultivar Elsa was mentioned. In the experiments without irrigation (Ufa, Iglinskiy, Chishminskiy, Bakalinskiy areas) the seed weight of different cultivars changed depending on the agro-meteorological conditions from 4 to 17 g/plant, being doubled at watering. An average rang of seed production variation for all years was 50 % for Zolotistaya cultivar, 53 % for Elsa, 57 % for Ufimskaya and 76 % for Gornal cultivars. The close relationship ( r = 0.61) between the productivity of beans and the sum of active temperatures above 15 °С was revealed. Greater flexibility to the amount of heat was shown in the locally bred varieties Zolotistaya and Ufimskaya at r = 0.46 and r = 0.59, respectively, greater dependence on abiotic factors was demonstrated by Gornal and Elsa varieties at r = 0.78 and r = 0.84, respectively. Similar relations were revealed when the analysis of correlative links was made between the duration of the period of above 15 °С temperatures and the seed productivity. Thus, correlation was detected at r = 0.42 and r = 0.20 for Zolotistaya and Ufimskaya cultivars, and at r = 0.51 and r = 0.69, for Gornal and Elsa, respectively. In different conditions there were from 5 to 29 nodules formed at a plant. The average variation of nodule activity between all cultivars during all years was 15.3 %. However, for each cultivar under different soil and climatic conditions the individual average coefficients of variation differed, being 44 % for Gornal, 59 % for Zolotistaya, 65 % for Ufimskaya and 18 % for Elza varieties. In most experiments the positive skewness prevailed in both the number of nodules and productivity. Normal distribution and the negative skewness for all cultivars were observed in the experiment with watering, and occurred more frequently in plants of Zolotistaya cultivar. Number of nodules per plant and seed production correlated ( r = 0.75-0.87) only under optimal water regime and mineral nutrition. On the gray forest soil the plants formed a symbiosis with local rhizobia, and on the chernozem soil the symbiotrophic nitrogen nutrition prevailed over mineral nitrogen one. The revealed high intravarietal variability of common bean plants and the asymmetric distribution of symbiotic activity and productivity suggest the possibility for selecting lines to improve the efficiency of symbiosis. A randomly formed supernodulating hybrid L20 of cultivar Elza was discovered to be promising for further breeding.

PRODUCTIVENESS AND NODULE ABILITY OF DIFFERENT VARIETIES OF COMMON BEAN (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) IN URALS CONDITIONS

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) has a high nutritional value, its seeds contain a significant amount of protein and essential amino acids and vitamins. Furthermore, it can accumulate organic nitrogen in the soil due to nitrogen fixation. On the territory of the forest-steppe zone of Urals (Bashkortostan) in small plot experiments in homogeneous soil conditions during five years the elements of yield structure of four cultivars of common bean (Gornal, Ufimskaya, Zolotistaya and Elsa) were studied. In different soil and climatic conditions the distribution character (skewness) of seed production and nodule activity were compared. Сorrelations between agro-meteorological factors, nodules number and productivity were determined. In one of these experiments there were watering and using of start doses of fertilizers (PK)45. The remaining experiments were carried out in a natural agricultural background without irrigation. The seeds yield of local cultivars (Gornal, Ufimskaya, Zolotiataya) in homogeneous soil conditions on leached chernozem (Ufa district) ranged from 18 to 22 kg/ha. High seed productivity of a new cultivar Elsa was mentioned. In the experiments without irrigation (Ufa, Iglinskiy, Chishminskiy, Bakalinskiy areas) the seed weight of different cultivars changed depending on the agro-meteorological conditions from 4 to 17 g/plant, being doubled at watering. An average rang of seed production variation for all years was 50 % for Zolotistaya cultivar, 53 % for Elsa, 57 % for Ufimskaya and 76 % for Gornal cultivars. The close relationship (r = 0.61) between the productivity of beans and the sum of active temperatures above 15 С was revealed. Greater flexibility to the amount of heat was shown in the locally bred varieties Zolotistaya and Ufimskaya at r = 0.46 and r = 0.59, respectively, greater dependence on abiotic factors was demonstrated by Gornal and Elsa varieties at r = 0.78 and r = 0.84, respectively. Similar relations were revealed when the analysis of correlative links was made between the duration of the period of above 15 С temperatures and the seed productivity. Thus, correlation was detected at r = 0.42 and r = 0.20 for Zolotistaya and Ufimskaya cultivars, and at r = 0.51 and r = 0.69, for Gornal and Elsa, respectively. In different conditions there were from 5 to 29 nodules formed at a plant. The average variation of nodule activity between all cultivars during all years was 15.3 %. However, for each cultivar under different soil and climatic conditions the individual average coefficients of variation differed, being 44 % for Gornal, 59 % for Zolotistaya, 65 % for Ufimskaya and 18 % for Elza varieties. In most experiments the positive skewness prevailed in both the number of nodules and productivity. Normal distribution and the negative skewness for all cultivars were observed in the experiment with watering, and occurred more frequently in plants of Zolotistaya cultivar. Number of nodules per plant and seed production correlated (r = 0.75-0.87) only under optimal water regime and mineral nutrition. On the gray forest soil the plants formed a symbiosis with local rhizobia, and on the chernozem soil the symbiotrophic nitrogen nutrition prevailed over mineral nitrogen one. The revealed high intravarietal variability of common bean plants and the asymmetric distribution of symbiotic activity and productivity suggest the possibility for selecting lines to improve the efficiency of symbiosis. A randomly formed supernodulating hybrid L20 of cultivar Elza was discovered to be promising for further breeding.