Modern Elements Research Articles

An enterprise in the global economy. Modern management methods vs economic crisis and pandemic

Purpose: The objective of the study is presentation of the conditions of functioning of enterprises on the global market, use of modern management methods, employees' preferences in the period of the pandemic and crisis in the existing surroundings. The aim of the study is to present a changing global environment for businesses, to use modern elements of management, IT and telecommunications as necessary elements in the face of the pandemic and global crisis, to sustain the functioning of businesses, organizations, economies and states. Design/methodology/approach: Based on the collected data, observations and own studies, conclusions were drawn and proposals presented with regard to counteracting the pandemic as well as opening and development of businesses and economies. Based on the statistical data, own surveys and literature, conclusions were drawn with regard to trends in organization and application of modern management concepts and enterprise management forms in the global economy in the conditions of the pandemic and economic crisis. The study presents also the problems of the contemporary global economy in sustainable development. Findings: The study analyses the functioning of enterprises in the 21sr century, taking into consideration further surroundings as well as technological, economic and social changes, including economic crises and the current pandemic. It presents and discusses socio-economic data and trends in the EU where, due to the epidemic, internal differences, economic and political issues, too slow development, lack of effective border protection. The above serves as a background for presentation of management elements and trends in organization of the future. Currently, marketing, finance, profit, strategies, HR, innovativeness, modern management methods, forms of organization, etc. play an important role in enterprises. On the other hand, IT elements already have an important and increasing position, especially in the face of the pandemic, remote work and global crisis. As shown by the survey-based studies carried out at the beginning of 2020, employees value health, work, family, economic, social and even ecological elements. These are, therefore, the survival-related needs according to the Maslow's hierarchy of needs, especially in the face of the pandemic, remote work and global crisis. Even though economies are opening today, the situation related to the pandemic worldwide is still uncertain. Hope is pinned, particularly to the countries of the West, upon the vaccines, medicines, modern management methods and new technologies

Speech Features of the Interview Genre in Modern Tatar-Language Journalism

Changes in language are largely a process of loosening the old norm and gradually creating a new one. It is believed that the media contribute to the preservation of the norm and the maximum slowdown of changes. Newspapers and magazines fix the graphic appearance of the word, and radio and television — sound. Together they set grammatical, syntactic and other patterns, which guides the people who read and listen to them. The author of the article studied the speech features of the interview genre in modern Tatar journalism. Namely 3012 fragments were analysed and the following conclusions were made: due to the interview genre, phonetic, morphological, lexical, syntactic, orthoepic enrichment of the language occurs; many modern elements borrowed from the Internet are used in print magazines in the Tatar language; there is a tendency to reduce words, use abbreviations, typed language constructions, phraseological units, borrowings, terms, professionalisms, dialectisms, slang expressions, and it is also observed that in different printed publications in the Tatar language, different variants of using common terms are offered in interviews.

Modernisation Trends in Public Administration in Slovenia

The theory of public administration offers a wide range of paradigms or approaches that are developed as a consequence of various triggers from internal and external environment. The classical model of bureaucratic organization as outlined by Weber is no longer appropriate in modern countries, although it still remains the basis of public administration because of numerous transformations and upgrades. The first major reforms were introduced to public administration via the more modern and market-oriented New Public Management. However, Post-New Public Management approaches have recently developed as a reflection of social and political changes. In this paper, we offer an overview of modern approaches, which do not appear in pure form, but in the form of hybrids. There is no consensus, either in science or in practice, on the optimal direction of public administration development or on the preferential approach. This decision is left to the governments, bearing in mind that each public administration reform and hybridization of approaches affect the complexity of public administration. Analysing the reform of the Slovenian public administration, we have found that the current Strategy of Public Administration Development for 2015-2020 is based on modern elements and values of Post-New Public Management approaches and that reforms strive for modernization, but (as shown by the current crisis) a serious effort will be required in the future to achieve this goal.

Electromagnetic compatibility in CNC machines upgrade

Abtract One of the types of modernization of CNC machines is the replacement of outdated electronic control units with more functional and compact ones, made on a modern element base. However, in the course of work on the modernization of CNC machines, characteristic problems of electromagnetic compatibility arise. The report examines the features of the electromagnetic compatibility of equipment, blocks and assemblies of CNC machines during modernization. Based on the analysis of the factors characterizing the electromagnetic environment, typical failures of the electronic part of the control system of a CNC machine tool during testing, the need for the development of measures to ensure EMC is shown. All measures to ensure electromagnetic compatibility are not intended to reduce degradation, but to ensure the full implementation of all equipment functionality. General solutions are proposed that are applicable to the modernization of most second-generation CNC machine tools.

Балетный спектакль Дамира Уразымбетова «Странствия Коркыта» в контексте диалога культур

Статья посвящена рассмотрению многомерного образа Коркыта – первошамана и создателя древнего смычкового инструмента кобыза – впервые ставшего объектом хореографического воплощения в балете Дамира Уразымбетова «Странствия Коркыта». Актуальность исследования состоит в представлении образа Коркыта как знаковой величины традиционной казахской культуры в художественном синтезе прошлого с настоящим. Объединив целительную силу звучания изобретенного им кобыза с мистериально-сакральными действами камланий баксы, Коркыт возвел искусство в ранг духовных ценностей своих соплеменников-тенгрианцев. А в тенгрианском мировидении духовные ценности первостепенны – они выражают главные смыслообразы макро- и микрокосмоса кочевников. Шаман-целитель – посредник между мирами. В народных легендах Коркыт ищет бессмертия, странствуя по четырем частям света. В либретто Д. Уразымбетова герой странствует во времени и пространстве – из Средневековья в XXI в., осуществляя диалог разновременных культур. Автор статьи находит правомерным оценивать спектакль с позиции теории диалогичности М. Бахтина, разработанной в концепции диалога «данного» и «созданного» Н. Коляденко и С. Лысенко. Автор применяет в исследовании следующие методы: историко-хронологический, источниковедческий, аналитический, компаративистский, интервьюирования. «Погружение» Коркыта в иной исторический и культурный контекст дает диалог прошлого с настоящим, позволяя выявить незыблемые этические и эстетические ценности, неподвластные сменам эпох. В таком совмещении архаики и современности категория Времени предстает ключевой и автор статьи рассматривает ее с точки зрения цикличности времяизмерения в тенгрианстве, с позиции космогонического понимания неделимости прошлого и настоящего у кочевников, а также с точки зрения дифференциации понятий физического и художественного времени в искусстве. Выявляются философские смыслообразы традиционной казахской культуры, влияющие на художественную культуру Казахстана XXI в. Эти смыслы раскрываются через взаимодействие синестезийных кодов обеих культур. Итогом исследования является мысль о связи времен, ибо Коркыт – репрезентант сущностных ценностей прошлого, не утративших доныне своей востребованности. Ключевые слова: Коркыт, Коркут, шаман, шаманизм, кобызовая музыка, переосмысление легенды, диалог культур, категория времени, смыслообразы спектакля, национальный балет, казахский балет.

L’eredità di Florence Nightingale nel 2020, Anno Internazionale dell’infermiere: una revisione narrativa

Background: Nurses guarantee assistance using different nursing theories, which present different conceptual frameworks, but which have a common vision in the whole of the human being, his holistic needs and the connection with the environment. Florence Nightingale was the first to introduce aspects of the scientific method, structuring a theory focused on the connection between the management of the physical environment and the actions of nurses. Methods: The aim is the evaluation of Nightingale's theory in reference to its contemporary integration, through a narrative review of the literature. Results: The action of nurses on the environment according to Nightingale's theory in care settings and hand hygiene are identified as fundamental in the fight against the spread of infections and in the implementation of the holistic vision. Discussion: Nightingale's theory shows elements of applicability and modernity, such as the acquisition of a greater awareness of healthcare professionals in relation to the care of environments and hand hygiene. Conclusions: Florence Nightingale's theory presents aspects of validity, but further studies are needed to contribute to the evolution of her model, especially in its contemporary contextualization.

Eating healthy, eating modern. The “urbanization” of food tastes in communist Poland (1945–1989)

The paper analyses the changes of food behaviours in post-1945 Poland in the context of socialist modernization. It is focused on both discourses and everyday practices. After 1945 Poland was a nearly mono-ethnic rural society which experienced fast modernization, industrialization and urbanization. The communist authorities who promised social justice and universal prosperity faced a problem of painful food shortages. This resulted from the aftermaths of war, and later was a by-product of the socialist economy. Thus, dietary education became an important strategy in the effort to feed the new socialist Poland. Special institutions and agendas were established to modernize eating habits according to the “rational”, “scientific” bases of the communist project of modernization. Up until the late 1970s, expert dietary advice promoted pre-prepared food, canned and frozen products, vegetables and meat consumption. Food columns in women’s magazines, advice books and adverts presented the model of a modern cuisine, which was in the first place healthy, but also urban. Official food policies affected everyday practices and, by the end of the 1970s, experts identified a process of the denaturalization of food in rural areas. This changed during the crisis of the 1980s, when “traditional” recipes came to be appreciated as simple and “natural”. The analysis of expert and popular discourses (women’s magazines, medical literature), as well as of personal narratives (personal diaries, memoirs, letters to the editor) shows the changing meanings of food, and their connections to processes of urbanization and social advancement which were elements of a socialist modernization which was not too different from the western modernity of the time.

THE IMAGE OF A WOMAN IN ZH.NAZHIMEDENOV'S STORY «АЗАМАТ АУЫЛЫ» AND «ӘЙЕЛДЕР»

This article analyzes in detail the stories of Zhumeken Nazhimedenov "Azamat auyly" and"Ayelder". The author analyzes the stories from the point of view of the author's concept, from the point of view of the artistic structure. The article analyzes the image of a" woman " created by artistic means. The article also examines the manifestations of elements of modernism in the modern literary process. The article contains links to the 6th volume of Zhumken Nazhimedenov's works and to the works of K. Zhanuzakova " introduction to literary studies» The significance of the article lies in the analysis of the artistic structure of Zhumeken's stories, which were not analyzed in the prose of past eras. We identified ways to create a female image by comparing the advantages and disadvantages of the history of that period. Everyone knows that W. Nazhimedenov built a virgin land in poetry, and his prose works moved away from the literary arena. From this point of view, in our article we have made every effort to show the power of the author in a prose work and emphasize the skill in creating a female image. At the end of the article, we showed the unity of the image of the lyrical hero and the hero in prose, the specifics of the author's method of description, and the originality of language use.

Мікрокулонометр – вимірювач електричних зарядів

The most difficult problem in the laboratory practice of the educational process for the demonstration of electrostatics and electromagnetism is the measurement of electric charges on the surface of bodies and in the airspace of the environment. The fundamental property of electric charges is determined by their type, which are conditionally called positive and negative, they are attracted or repelled, have an electromagnetic interaction. Characterized by an elementary charge i.e. the smallest value of electric charge, regardless of type. The electric charge can take only a discrete value proportional to the smallest charge, which can only be expressed as an integer regardless of the type of charge. Depending on the surface on which they are located, they can have different concentrations, which can be described by linear, surface or bulk density. Electric charges are subject to the law of conservation of charges – the sum of charges in an isolated system is constant. Measurement of electric charges is complex, devices – galvanometers and electroscopes, which are used for this purpose, require certain conditions that are not always convenient to use, do not provide the necessary accuracy of measurement. Methods and devices using the circuitry of a microcoulometer for measuring electric charges in electrostatics and electromagnetism, which is built on a modern element base with the use of operational amplifiers and microcontrollers, are proposed.

Echoes of architectural modernism in J.G. Ballard’s High-Rise

Abstract This article pursues the elements of architectural Modernism in James Graham Ballard’s 1975 novel High-Rise (1975). The enormous tower block represents a triumph of technological and constructional progress envisioned by the pioneers of modernist architecture. However, Ballard’s vision of social development within it is regressive and violent. In order to decipher the nature of the role, or lack thereof, of the tower block in the reformulation of its own social fabric, the paper studies the ways in which the narrative presents aspects analogous to the key elements of architectural modernism. Particular attention is paid to the narrative’s reflections of radical and often contradictory visions of key figures of theoretical roots of modernism, such as Le Corbusier and Karel Teige. Their ambiguous stance on the core of modernism not only determines the outcome of the social experiment performed by Ballard in High-Rise, but can also be seen as deforming the building practice until today.

Elements of energy infrastructure modernization of buildings and cities

The formation of effective energy technological systems of buildings and cities in new economic conditions requires comprehensive analysis of dynamic of their developing, complex of diverse conditions of their function, diverse factors of their changes. The need for a systematic approach to the analysis of the functioning of complex technical systems is difficult to dispute. Methodologically, the task is to select from the many approaches the most appropriate for achieving the assigned engineering tasks. This implies the need for a comprehensive analysis of the subject area of the studied systems and the choice of the necessary system equipment, commensurate with the complexity of the selected objects. This article presents a number of elements and technologies for the modernization of the infrastructure of buildings and cities, which in practice shows their energy efficiency: fuel cells, recuperators, heat pumps, thermoactive building systems, and a predictive management with using of weather data - an intelligent tool for controlling the building’s air conditioning.

Reflections

AbstractThese reflections were invited by the editors of this special issue to provide a frame for analysing the significance of this set of articles on “Higher education and the state in Greater China.” They are framed around the three elements of modernity identified by Francis Fukuyama in his book The Origins of Political Order – the modern state, the rule of law and accountable government. They also highlight comparative dimensions among the three societies of Greater China.

Alexander Nemtin’s Concerto for Organ

Moscow-based composer Alexander Nemtin (1936–1999) is best known for his completed version of Alexander Scriabin’s “Prefatory Action,” a mystical musical composition conceived by the famous composer during the last years of his life, which was not destined to see the light of day. In 1970 Nemtin took on himself the task of recreating the “Prefatory Action,” which he completed in 1996. It is an immense musical score in three parts for orchestra, chorus, solo singers, piano and organ. Nemtin’s own musical compositions are much less known to musicians or music lovers. They are written mostly in a traditional style, with predominantly diationic harmonies, their textures follow the vein of Romantic instrumental music with a very moderate implementation of neoclassical and more modernist elements of 20th century music. Among them is a large-scale work, titled the Concerto for Organ, which was composed in 1963. This composition is for solo organ, although in the large scale of its instrumental texture and the six varied movements comprising its overall formal design, it validates its somewhat extraordinary title. The Concerto for Organ is characterized by extended diatonic harmonies complemented with a large number of dissonant sonorities. It contains a dialogue with the Baroque style and elements of stylization in the vein of Bach and other Baroque composers. Stylization in the Concerto for Organ is expressed most visibly by its adherence to the genres of the Baroque period – preludes, canons, chorales, arias, ricercars and fugues. Nemtin’s Concerto follows an extended tradition of lengthy and massive works for solo organ and organ with orchestra. Its academic formal qualities, broad use of contrapuntal techniques and adherence to well-known Baroque genres makes it aesthetically closer to the German organ tradition. In his instrumental composition of a large-scale genre Alexander Nemtin demonstrated himself as a master of large-scale form capable of thinking in categories of massive dramaturgy and philosophic thought. He has established his place in music history not only be creating the completed version of Scriabin’s “Prefatory Action,” but also with his own musical compositions which continue the tradition of orchestral, vocal and chamber instrumental music by 20th century Russian composers. Keywords: Alexander Nemtin, Concerto for Organ, organ music, large-scale form, prelude, canon, aria, fugue, stylization, stylistic dialogue with the Baroque period.

A Praça de Touros do Campo Pequeno nas Avenidas Novas de Lisboa

This article is the result of an investigation about the Bullring of Campo Pequeno, which was inaugurated in 1892, being today one of the most emblematic buildings of the city of Lisbon. Although the history of this building has already been approached by other authors, this is a theme that worth is to be developed from the point of view of the history of art and the history of the nineteenth century, both from the point of view of the analysis of the revivalist architecture of the building, either from the point of view of its integration into a Lisbon area that was then being planned, the Avenidas Novas. In addition, the relevance of this building should be emphasized, in particular since it has few contemporary parallels, both at national and international level; and also, because its construction with brick and iron was an element of modernity that must be underlined. Furthermore, this study is a contribution to the field of Olisipography, which is specialised study in Lisbon's history.

TRAINING OF SPECIALISTS FOR THE WORK WITH THE YOUTH: HISTORICAL ASPECT

Society needs competent, ambitious, courageous, active and morally healthy young people who are able to make decisions independently and be responsible for them. Modern youth needs qualified help and support that can be provided by highly professional specialists who are able to actualize resources of young people. This leads to a need for a quality training of youth work professionals. The purpose of the article: to theoretically substantiate the historical aspect of the formation of training for youth work professionals. Research methods used: analysis, comparison and generalization of scientific sources on the researched problem, study of the historical aspect of youth work development. The authors reveal the historical aspect of training specialists (teachers-organizers, social pedagogues, social workers, youth workers) to work with the youth. The stages of formation and development of training of specialists for work with the youth are singled out. The first stage (1918–1944) − emergence of socially directed training of specialists for work with the youth, when communist ideology was actively formed, communist education was developed, and young people were involved in the party as the only officially permitted youth organization. The second stage (1945–1969) − the creation of the foundations of professional training for the work with the youth, the opening of a central Komsomol school, which provided retraining for Komsomol workers at the middle and upper levels of the Komsomol. The third stage (1969–1991) − the development of the institute of professional training for the work in youth (Komsomol and pioneer) organizations. The fourth stage (1991–2003) − formation and development of the system of professional training of specialists to work with the youth in the framework of social work and social pedagogy. The fifth stage (2003–2010) – the formation of the specialty «Social Work» in the field of «Social Security» and the creation of organizational and methodological conditions for the training of social workers; The sixth period (2011–2020) – the merger and formation of the specialty «Social Work» in the field of «Social Work», which combined social pedagogy and social work and social security in one field; the peculiarities of training of specialists at each stage are clarified; modern elements of higher education for training social workers to work with the youth, programmes of the state level of training of youth workers are presented.

Redundant electromechanical actuator operation analysis in case of failures

In the modern aircraft control systems electro-hydraulic actuators are used widely, due to structural and elemental redundancy, they remain operational even in case of two heterogeneous failures. However, the hydraulic systems supplying them require regular maintenance and have large overall dimensions. The more electric aircraft concept involves reducing the number of hydraulic systems and replacing part of the actuators with electromechanical ones powered by a centralized electrical system. This requires highly reliable electromechanical actuators development and determines to search for ways to implement their structural and elemental redundancy. The modern elements, including electric motors with rare-earth metals, wave gears and power electronics, has low mass and size specifications. However, the reliability issues associated with structural and elemental redundancy for electromechanical actuators are not well studied and are under development. In this article a redundant electromechanical rotary actuator and its reconfiguration algorithm descriptions are given for in the events of heterogeneous failures. This algorithm is used to compile a mathematical model and conduct simulation experiments. It is shown that by means of structural redundancy the actuator remains operable even in case of two heterogeneous failures.

Representasi Identitas Muslimah Modern “Jilbab Traveler” dalam Novel Karya Asma Nadia

Following the fall of the New Order era, which encouraged media development and openness, Islam was positioned as a dominant identity in public spaces. Asma Nadia is one of the actors who is become one part of those phenomena. Her works in novels, films and soap operas have succeeded in combining modern elements with Islamic symbols and values. The theme of Jilbab traveler is one example. Applying text analysis focusing on three works of Asma Nadia’s novels, namely The Jilbab Traveler; Assalamualaikum Beijing; Jilbab Traveler: Love Sparks in Korea, this article reveals that Asma Nadia illustrates "jilbab traveler" as both agile and pious. The ambition to travel around the world accompanied by its inherent attributes represents the figure of “jilbab traveler” as an agile woman, while hijab (veil) presents an image of a pious woman. On the other side, the wearing of the veil becomes a distinction and provides such negotiation space and illustrates the hegemonic masculinity of patriarchal culture.

АНАЛІЗ ФУНКЦІОНАЛЬНОГО КОМПОНЕНТА ПСИХОЛОГІЧНОЇ ГОТОВНОСТІ ВІЙСЬКОВОСЛУЖБОВЦІВ ДО БОЙОВОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ

The article analyzes the notion of and its structural components. Theoretical analysis is carried out and the nature and subject of approaches to the definition of the military personnel’s psychological readiness for combat activities functional component are revealed. Problem Statement. The military activity was a specific and very important type of human activity at all times. The current historical era when there is fighting in the east of the country, changes the classical approaches to psychological training and as a result, the psychological readiness of soldiers to carry out combat tasks. The elements of modernity are present not only in the nature of combat tasks, but also in the conditions of their fulfillment. In combat, military personnel set two main goals: to survive on the battlefield and fulfill successfully a combat task. It should be noted that the psychological readiness of military personnel to act in extreme conditions is a leading factor for military personnel lives’ saving and realization of the state national interests. Prominently in analysis of this problem is to determine the structure of psychological readiness in general and research each of its components in detail. Thus, the research of the military personnel’s psychological readiness for combat activities functional component is significant at the present time of the Russian-Ukrainian war. Purpose is a theoretical and methodological analysis of approaches to determine functional readiness as one of the military personnel’s psychological readiness components. Methods. The choice of the main methods of military personnel’s psychological readiness for combat activities functional component research such as content analysis and generalization is determined by the specifics of this integral phenomenon. Originality. It is established that functional readiness is formed and developed on the basis of general psychological readiness in the process of professional training and has a direct impact on the effectiveness of combat activities of military personnel. Conclusion. Thus, we reveal the versatility and multifunctionality of psychological readiness problem after analysis of the most important psychological researches. The structure contains the specifics of the activity, purpose, methods and conditions of its realization. At this time, it is impossible to highlight one key element that affects the psychological readiness more than others. That is, the level of formation and development of military personnel’s psychological readiness to perform combat activities should be considered as a synergy of all its components. At the same time, we can identify a number of components that are common to many types of activity. One of these basic components is functional readiness. It is part of different activities and reflects the acquirement of special skills specific to a particular activity or task. Military activity is characterized by psychological, social, moral, professional aspects associated with the need to make individual, mature and informed decisions quickly that may be accompanied by important social responsibility. Therefore, the level of functional readiness has a direct impact on their effectiveness. The direction of further research is a detailed analysis of other components of military personnel’s psychological readiness, identification of factors that negatively and positively affect the formation and development of psychological readiness’ structural components.

Comparison of Product Life Cycle Cost Estimating Models Based on Neural Networks and Parametric Techniques—A Case Study for Induction Motors

The cost estimation of a product’s life cycle is a key factor in the product design process. The research is based on an innovative model of artificial neural networks (ANNs) compared to a parametric estimation. Introducing modern elements of information technologies in the area of cost estimation for a production company is a vital element of its sustainability in the era of Industry 4.0. The presented modern product life cycle cost estimation tool in the form of ANN is a reliable source of forecast that is the basis for the product life cycle cost reduction program, which is a crucial element of sustainability. Research shows that ANNs are a viable alternative to parametric cost estimation. The percentage error between estimated and historical cost values is 8.05 times lower for ANN than for the parametric approach. ANN is an adequate cost estimation model for technologically complex products. The second contribution is using technical specifications required by the customer directly to estimate the cost of a product’s life cycle automatically. This can translate both into a reduction of the time needed to provide information to the client and the workload of engineers.

State Primary Special Standard Get 190-2019 for Acceleration in Gravimetry

The composition, principle of operation and basic metrological characteristics of the State Primary Special Standard of acceleration for gravimetry GET 190-2019 are given. The standard is the top link of the reference base for gravitational acceleration measurements. The accuracy and reliability of GET 190-2019 have been increased as a result of optimization of methods for adjusting measuring systems and the inclusion of improved systems, assemblies and modern element base in its composition. Particular attention is paid to the refinement of the corrections introduced into the measurement results due to methodological, physical and technical limitations. The applied research methods made it possible to confirm the range of GET 190-2019, as well as to determine the contributions of the main sources and the total value of the error. The metrological characteristics of GET 190-2019 are confirmed by the results of measurements of the absolute value of gravimetric acceleration at the gravimetric station Lomonosov-1 and their comparison with the data obtained at different times using high-precision foreign and domestic gravimeters. The relevance of the work is determined by the requirements of applied problems whose solution requires data on the parameters of the Earth’s gravitational field. Geophysics and navigation are the main areas of application for high precision measurements in this field.