Display Elements Research Articles

Retracted: VR Technology in Bluish- white Porcelain Display Design of Fanchang Kiln

With the world entering the new millennium, many rare cultural relics and architectural sites are in danger. It is very urgent and important to carry out rescue protection measures for some precious architectural heritages. This paper mainly studies the application of VR technology in the Bluish- white porcelain display design of Fanchang kiln. This paper analyzes the display elements of Bluish- white porcelain of Fanchang kiln from the principles and characteristics of Bluish- white porcelain display of Fanchang kiln, and discusses the characteristics of virtual display of Bluish- white porcelain of Fanchang kiln based on the characteristics of virtual display. The Bluish- white porcelain of Fanchang kiln is classified according to the use function, and the virtual display characteristics of different types of Fanchang kiln Bluish- white porcelain and their suitable virtual display mode are explored. Finally, combined with the panoramic image display technology and graphic VR display technology, the best virtual display mode suitable for different types of Fanchang kiln Bluish- white porcelain is made, and the interactive design is realized in the virtual software, and then the virtual display application is completed in the interactive projection of network and fixed occasions. Through the exploration of the virtual display mode of Fanchang kiln Bluish- white porcelain, the best virtual expression mode suitable for different types of Fanchang kiln Bluish- white porcelain is found. With the support of virtual reality technology, it realizes all-round browsing, scene roaming and information interaction of Fanchang kiln Bluish- white porcelain, providing an interactive platform for designers and consumers, so that the design can better meet the market demand, Improve efficiency. Experimental results show that the system runs smoothly in the application, and the user experience reaches more than 93.2%, which meets the actual application requirements.

Pulling Illusion Based on the Phase Difference of the Frequency Components of Asymmetric Vibrations

When presented with asymmetric vibrations, humans experience an illusory force, similar to the sensation of being pulled in a particular direction. A pulling illusion has also been used in new display elements for a virtual reality content and a pedestrian navigation system. However, the basic design of asymmetric vibration stimuli that can induce this illusion has not yet been determined. In particular, it is unclear as to which part of the vibration waveform should be asymmetric to induce an illusion. To better understand the design of asymmetric vibration stimuli that can induce a pulling illusion, we evaluated the effect of the illusion corresponding to the waveform deformation due to a change in phase difference of asymmetric-vibration frequency components. The results of a psychophysical experiment demonstrate that when the phase differences of the fundamental and second harmonic waves of the asymmetric vibration are close to 0° or -180°, the illusion is more likely to occur. This result implies that the difference in the rate by which the acceleration changes at each polarity contributes to the illusion.

The Comprehensive Evaluation Method of the Human Factors in the Flight Deck Based on the Physical and Behaviour Measurements

There is increasing concern about the design and evaluation of the human factors in the flight deck. The study was to propose a comprehensive evaluation method of the human factors in the flight deck, combing with multiple physiological signals. The proposed comprehensive evaluation method in the flight deck are composed with the evaluation of the operators’ cognition, operational performance, control activities and workload. The cardiovascular signal, eye movement and flight parameters were recorded during task to conduct the evaluation. An experiment about the evaluation of the display elements in the flight deck was conducted to verify the proposed comprehensive method of the human factors. The results revealed the validity of the proposed method, which can give a detailed description of the operator’s workload, operational performance and cognition during the flight task.

Fringe field effect free high-resolution display and photonic devices using deformed helix ferroelectric liquid crystal

ABSTRACT The fringe field effect (FFE) is one of the biggest bottlenecks for the display, and the photonic industry limiting the pixel per inch (PPI) to ~450. The modern applications such as AR/VR headsets and photonic elements such as wavelength selective switches required significantly higher PPI panel. Despite the rigorous research efforts, conventional LCs still show serious FFE, and therefore, hinder the progress of high PPI display and photonic elements. In this article, we studied FFE in the deformed helix ferroelectric liquid crystals (DHFLCs) and found that the subwavelength pitch of the DHFLCs is critically important to suppress the FFE. These DHFLCs show no FFE, for the electric field parallel to the FLC helix, however, we have observed some FFE for the electric field perpendicular to the FLC helix. Additionally, we have found that the high-frequency driving further suppresses the FFE. Later, we deployed DHFLCs to diffraction grating and display to confirm our findings. The proposed DHFLCs with subwavelength pitch can support pixel density up to 4233 PPI for displays, and up to 12,700 PPI for monochromatic photonic devices. Thus, the fast switchable DHFLCs with subwavelength pitch pave the way for the high-pixel density display and photonic devices.

Instructions for Contributors

Instructions for Contributors Edward Finegan, Editor Dictionaries: Journal of the Dictionary Society of North America encourages submission of manuscripts for articles treating any aspect of lexicography or areas of linguistic inquiry that relate to lexicography or the study of reference works in general as they bear on dictionary making. Within reason, length of manuscripts for regular articles is not a concern, and the editor is open to proposals to dedicate a section of the journal to a theme. Manuscripts for the section Reference Works in Progress are by invitation of the editor, but inquiries about that section and about forums or special issues of the journal itself are encouraged. Manuscripts can be submitted for consideration only in electronic form in MS Word; initial submissions must contain an abstract and several keywords. All article submissions are reviewed anonymously by two or more referees. Submissions for publication in the first issue of any year should be sent to editor Edward Finegan (finegan@usc.edu) before January 31st of that year, and for the second issue of the year before June 30th of that year. Reviews are overseen by reviews editor Traci Nagle and are by invitation only. Suggestions that Dictionaries should review particular books, online dictionaries, or websites are welcomed; write to Traci Nagle (tcnagle@indiana.edu). Submissions must NOT use special formatting or automatic styling for headings, titles, or other display elements. All headings should appear on their own line. Indicate primary-level headings in ALL CAPS. Indicate secondary-level headings with Sentence capitalization. Captions for figures and tables should be unstyled – formatting will be applied by the editors. [End Page 185] Because manuscripts are distributed to referees electronically for anonymous review, all indications of authorship should be removed from the text and from other identity-tracking markers, such as Properties and Track Changes. After review, submissions will be assigned one of three categories: accepted with revision (minor or major), revise and resubmit (a request for a complete rewrite of a promising paper), or reject. Authors are responsible for securing the rights for both print and electronic publication of any illustrations and other copyrighted material contained in their submission. If this obligation poses a financial or other hardship, consult the editor. Authors of accepted papers will be required to sign a publication agreement, a copy of which can be found on the DSNA website. Manuscripts should adhere to the specifications given at the journal's website (http://dictionarysociety.com/journal). [End Page 186] Copyright © 2020 Dictionary Society of North America

Androgenic modulation of extraordinary muscle speed creates a performance trade-off with endurance.

Performance trade-offs can dramatically alter an organism's evolutionary trajectory by making certain phenotypic outcomes unattainable. Understanding how these trade-offs arise from an animal's design is therefore an important goal of biology. To explore this topic, we studied how androgenic hormones, which regulate skeletal muscle function, influence performance trade-offs relevant to different components of complex reproductive behaviour. We conducted this work in golden-collared manakins (Manacus vitellinus), a neotropical bird in which males court females by rapidly snapping their wings together above their back. Androgens help mediate this behavior by radically increasing the twitch speed of a dorsal wing muscle (scapulohumeralis caudalis, SH), which actuates the bird's wing-snap. Through hormone manipulations and in situ muscle recordings, we tested how these positive effects on SH speed influence trade-offs with endurance. Indeed, this latter trait impacts the display by shaping signal length. We found that androgen-dependent increases in SH speed incur a cost to endurance, particularly when this muscle performs at its functional limits. Moreover, when behavioural data were overlaid on our muscle recordings, displaying animals appeared to balance display speed with fatigue-induced muscle fusion (physiological tetanus) to generate the fastest possible signal while maintaining an appropriate signal duration. Our results point to androgen action as a functional trigger of trade-offs in sexual performance - these hormones enhance one element of a courtship display, but in doing so, impede another.

Perakende Giyim Mağazacılığında Sergileme Elemanları Kullanımı: Keşan ve Gümilcine Örneği

Exhibit elements are one of the basic elements used in creating the interior design store. Today, as in every subject, the competition between in retail clothing institutions is increasing the importance of original design. In this context, the goal of this research is to underline the importance of exhibition elements in merchandising through the determination of interior design criteria, and to present the design elements that can benefit from this subject in the future. Display elements used in the interior of the store; reinforcement type, material, color, texture, form etc., constitute the hypothesis of this research as a judgment of defining boundaries and defining the space supported by the elements. For the research, firstly literature review was done, then the samples of a private institution with two different brand names were handled and the elements of the exhibition elements were analyzed and on-site examination was conducted. The purpose of selecting these two stores, which have common stakeholders, is that they are private collection leather shops selling the same product range and opened in two different countries belong to the same institution. Following the on-site examinations, the findings obtained within the scope determined were formulated as an analysis table. The study is a source for the design of exhibition units specific to the institution or personal by staying in contact with the interior designer and the institution, and also for the evaluation of purchasing and spending time in the store more efficiently. At the same time, the harmony of the elements under the title of reinforcement elements, material, color, texture, form, lighting, etc. used in boutique retailing interiors can bring a new interior architecture understanding in terms of corporate identity.

Location-Based Tracking Data and Customer Movement Pattern Analysis for Sustainable Fashion Business

Retailers need accurate movement pattern analysis of human-tracking data to maximize the space performance of their stores and to improve the sustainability of their business. However, researchers struggle to precisely measure customers’ movement patterns and their relationships with sales. In this research, we adopt indoor positioning technology, including wireless sensor devices and fingerprinting techniques, to track customers’ movement patterns in a fashion retail store over four months. Specifically, we conducted three field experiments in three different timeframes. In each experiment, we rearranged one element of the visual merchandising display (VMD) to track and compare customer movement patterns before and after the rearrangement. For the analysis, we connected customers’ discrete location data to identify meaningful patterns in customers’ movements. We also used customers’ location and time information to match identified movement pattern data with sales data. After classifying individuals’ movements by time and sequences, we found that stay time in a particular zone had a greater impact on sales than the total stay time in the store. These results challenge previous findings in the literature that suggest that the longer customers stayed in a store, the more they purchase. Further, the results confirmed that effective store rearrangement could change not only customer movement patterns but also overall sales of store zones. This research can be a foundation for various practical applications of tracking data technologies.

Modeling and optimizing the chromatic holographic waveguide display system.

A ray-tracing model is developed based on coupled wave theory for a volume holographic grating, which is the most important element of the holographic waveguide display but not accessibly integrated in current optical design software. The model fully and faithfully represents the angular selectivity, wavelength selectivity, polarization, and other properties for the in-coupling, out-coupling, and expansion gratings. It is especially important that the model is compatible with the current optical design software. In this paper, combining with other mature optical simulation functions of Zemax, integrated models are built for typical holographic waveguide display configurations, including image source, collimation element, gratings, waveguide plates, and approximate eye. It could provide the retina image at different viewing positions, based on which the main performance characteristics of a holographic waveguide display, such as field of view, color uniformity, eye box, and light efficiency, could be easily derived. Consequently, it provides a valuable guiding approach for the design and optimization of holographic waveguide displays.

A Fast Computer-Generated Holographic Method for VR and AR Near-Eye 3D Display

A fast computer-generated holographic method with multiple projection images for a near-eye VR (Virtual Reality) and AR (Augmented Reality) 3D display is proposed. A 3D object located near the holographic plane is projected onto a projection plane to obtain a plurality of projected images with different angles. The hologram is calculated by superposition of projected images convolution with corresponding point spread functions (PSF). Holographic 3D display systems with LED as illumination, 4f optical filtering system and lens as eyepiece for near-eye VR display and holographic optical element (HOE) as combiner for near-eye AR display are designed and developed. The results show that the proposed calculation method is about 38 times faster than the conventional point cloud method and the display system is compact and flexible enough to produce speckle noise-free high-quality VR and AR 3D images with efficient focus and defocus capabilities.

25.2: Invited Paper: Organic Conducting Polymer‐Inorganic Oxide Nanocomposite Particles as Display Elements for Electronic Paper

We have prepared organic conducting nanocomposite particles which utilize polypyrrole/polyaniline as conducting parts and small silica particles as dispersants. The nanocomposite particles of polypyrrole/polyaniline and silica represent potentially useful processable forms of polypyrrole/polyaniline, normally intractable conducting polymers. Transmission electron microscopy studies suggest that the polypyrrole/polyaniline‐silica nanocomposite particles are made up of microaggregates of the original small silica particles. We demonstrated that the polypyrrole/polyaniline‐ silica nanocomposite particles can be utilized as display elements for electrophoretic display due to their high colloid stabilities.

Hybridization of Luminescent Solar Concentrator and Triboelectric Touch Sensor with Its Enhancement Via Ferroelectric Polarization

Display technology has not only presented information traditionally, but also multifunctional capability, flexibility, lightness and slimness design are desired attributes for being adopted by artificial intelligence (AI) to interact with consumers. In this regard, ferroelectric poly(vinylidenefluoride-co-trifluoroethylene) (PVDF-TrFE) is of great interest as potentially applicable for display power saving material with having mechanical stability, transparency, and electrically controllable polarization. Here, we report the experimental study of a luminescent light harvesting property of CdSe QD embedded P(VDF-TrFE) nanocomposite, whereas concentration of QD is not as much high as to interfere presenting information in visual. In agreement with theoretical calculation, the converted power from luminescent light guided to c-Si solar cell is enhanced by 42% based on the quantum-confined Stark effect (QCSE) owing to ferroelectric polarization of P(VDF-TrFE). The resulting nanocomposite shows enhanced mechanical sensitivity (~40%) by aligned dipole moment of P(VDF-TrFE) upon mechanical contact. This nanocomposite material may potentially be applicable as multimodal display element not only enable to power itself but also detect given mechanical touch.

Releasing the Trapped Light for Efficient Silver Nanowires‐Based White Flexible Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes

AbstractFlexible organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) are attracting tremendous attention due to their promise as a key element in bendable display and curved lighting applications. However, their performance in terms of efficiency and bendability is limited, since flexible transparent electrodes with superior electrical, optical, and mechanical properties are rare. Here, a multifunctional electrode architecture that is based on flexible plastic, and consists of electrically conductive silver nanowires, a nanopatterned ZnO outcoupling layer, and a hole‐injection polymer layer, is proposed for the actualization of high‐performance flexible OLEDs. The trapped light in the waveguide and substrate modes is effectively released by integrating aperiodic nanostructures into high‐refractive‐index ZnO layers on both sides of the plastic substrate. A maximum external quantum efficiency of 61.7% and a power efficiency of 126.6 lm W−1 are achieved for the white‐emission flexible OLEDs with broadband and angle‐independent outcoupling enhancement. In addition, the proposed approach allows for high‐level mechanical flexibility, retaining over 80% of the initial efficiency after 3000 cycles of repeated bending.

An ERP-based BCI with peripheral stimuli: validation with ALS patients.

Many studies reported that ERP-based BCIs can provide communication for some people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). ERP-based BCIs often present characters within a matrix that occupies the center of the visual field. However, several studies have identified some concerns with the matrix-based approach. This approach may lead to fatigue and errors resulting from flashing adjacent stimuli, and is impractical for users who might want to use the BCI in tandem with other software or feedback in the center of the monitor. In this paper, we introduce and validate an alternate ERP-based BCI display approach. By presenting stimuli near the periphery of the display, we reduce the adjacency problem and leave the center of the display available for feedback or other applications. Two ERP-based display approaches were tested on 18 ALS patients to: (1) compare performance between a conventional matrix speller paradigm (Matrix-P, mean visual angle 6°) and a new speller paradigm with peripherally distributed stimuli (Peripheral-P, mean visual angle 8.8°); and (2) assess performance while spelling 42 characters online continuously, without a break. In the Peripheral-P condition, 12 subjects attained higher than 80% feedback accuracy during online performance, and 7 of these subjects obtained higher than 90% accuracy. The experimental results showed that the Peripheral-P condition yielded performance comparable to the conventional Matrix-P condition (p > 0.05) in accuracy and information transfer rate. This paper introduces a new display approach that leaves the center of the monitor open for feedback and/or other display elements, such as movies, games, art, or displays from other AAC software or conventional software tools.

Social group signatures in hummingbird displays provide evidence of co-occurrence of vocal and visual learning

Vocal learning, in which animals modify their vocalizations based on social experience, has evolved in several lineages of mammals and birds, including humans. Despite much attention, the question of how this key cognitive trait has evolved remains unanswered. The motor theory for the origin of vocal learning posits that neural centres specialized for vocal learning arose from adjacent areas in the brain devoted to general motor learning. One prediction of this hypothesis is that visual displays that rely on complex motor patterns may also be learned in taxa with vocal learning. While learning of both spoken and gestural languages is well documented in humans, the occurrence of learned visual displays has rarely been examined in non-human animals. We tested for geographical variation consistent with learning of visual displays in long-billed hermits ( Phaethornis longirostris), a lek-mating hummingbird that, like humans, has both learned vocalizations and elaborate visual displays. We found lek-level signatures in both vocal parameters and visual display features, including display element proportions, sequence syntax and fine-scale parameters of elements. This variation was not associated with genetic differentiation between leks. In the absence of genetic differences, geographical variation in vocal signals at small scales is most parsimoniously attributed to learning, suggesting a significant role of social learning in visual display ontogeny. The co-occurrence of learning in vocal and visual displays would be consistent with a parallel evolution of these two signal modalities in this species.

Quality assurance for rotary screen printed wiring backplanes with automated roll-to-roll electrical test equipment

The roll-to-roll (R2R) printing process enables large-scale manufacturing of conductive wirings for the system integration of printed and hybrid electronics. As the number of R2R printed units in a run is typically high, a systematic approach is required to verify the outcome of manufacturing process extensively. This study presents a piece of automated R2R testing equipment, which is capable of the comprehensive electrical testing of printed and flexible electronics, and discusses the main findings provided by the test system in a use case of an R2R printed wiring backplane for a large-area display element. The automated R2R tester utilizes a bed-of-nails test method incorporated into the reeling equipment as a stop and go process. In this scheme, a bed-of-nails is a layout-specific test fixture providing physical contacts on the web. The actual measurement operations are performed by general-purpose electrical test equipment through standard industrial buses. Overall, the movement of the web containing printed electronics and the test operations for these are controlled by a test automation software. In this study, the R2R functional tester is utilized to evaluate the outcome of a rotary screen printing process for a large area backplane wiring of s 7 × 20 RGB LED matrix. The study presents the needed test cases for the full test coverage of printed wiring at an area of approximately 190 mm × 405 mm in each backplane unit. As the roll length is over 150 meters, the testing process systematically produces over 100 000 resistance measurement results to evaluate the manufacturing process yield and process variations from an electrical perspective. The paper concludes the main test results, and discusses the usability of the developed testing system and the protocol in this use case application.

Interactive Tree Of Life (iTOL) v4: recent updates and new developments.

The Interactive Tree Of Life (https://itol.embl.de) is an online tool for the display, manipulation and annotation of phylogenetic and other trees. It is freely available and open to everyone. The current version introduces four new dataset types, together with numerous new features. Annotation options have been expanded and new control options added for many display elements. An interactive spreadsheet-like editor has been implemented, providing dataset creation and editing directly in the web interface. Font support has been rewritten with full support for UTF-8 character encoding throughout the user interface. Google Web Fonts are now fully supported in the tree text labels. iTOL v4 is the first tool which supports direct visualization of Qiime 2 trees and associated annotations. The user account system has been streamlined and expanded with new navigation options, and currently handles >700 000 trees from more than 40 000 individual users. Full batch access has been implemented allowing programmatic upload and export of trees and annotations.

Magnetically Actuated Dynamic Iridescence Inspired by the Neon Tetra.

Inspired by the tropical fish neon tetra, we report a mechanism to achieve dynamic iridescence that can be magnetically tuned. This approach is based on the tilting of periodic photonic nanostructures, as opposed to the more common strain-induced color tuning. In this method, a periodic array of magnetic nanopillars serves as a template to guide the assembly of iron oxide nanoparticles when magnetized in a liquid environment. The periodic local fields induced by the magnetic template anchor the assembled particle columns, allowing the structure to tilt about the base when the angle of the applied field is changed. This effect emulates a microscopic "Venetian blind" and results in dynamic optical properties through structural coloration that is tunable in real time. The fabricated prototype demonstrates tunable reflectance spectra with peak wavelength shift from 528 to 720 nm. The magnetic actuation mechanism is reversible and has a fast response time around 0.3 s. This structure can be implemented on an arbitrary surface as dynamic camouflage, iridescent display, and tunable photonic elements, as well as in other applications such as active fluidic devices and particle manipulation.

Variation within and between courts in visual components of Swallow-tailed Manakin (Chiroxiphia caudata) display

Birds are well known for displaying courtship exhibitions shaped by sexual selection that involve combinations of visual, motor, and acoustic components. Among such multifaceted exhibitions are those of male piprids, which can perform coordinated or cooperative displays to attract females. Here we focus on the Swallow-tailed Manakin (Chiroxiphia caudata), endemic to the Atlantic Forest, whose displays include two or more males executing a cartwheel-type movement (“cooperative display”) and solo exhibitions. We used videography to describe and analyze male maneuvers and to test differences in display parameters between courts (where adult males perform coordinated/cooperative displays in groups of two to six individuals within an arena) and between dominant and subordinate males. We recorded displays of individuals from four courts in southern Brazil during two breeding seasons. We identified nine male display elements, five in cooperative, three in solo formations and one in other contexts, in addition to two elements performed exclusively by females. Sequences of male display elements were highly stereotyped, but three display parameters differed between courts: vertical flight height, distance from which males approached females and cartwheel velocity. Moreover, subordinates flew longer vertical flights than dominants. This variability suggests that females may evaluate courts based on display parameters, leading to their decision to remain at the perch, attend the solo display and eventually copulate. The vertical flight duration can also be a signal used during intrasexual communication, such as for hierarchy establishment. Our detailed description of male display attributes provides essential evidence that courts differ in motor parameters, and opens an avenue for further studies on sexual selection mechanisms in the Swallow-tailed Manakin and other manakins.

The Musical Structure and Meaning of Go Laba in the Context of People’s Life Philosophy in Ngadha Culture, Flores, East Nusa Tenggara

Art is an integral aspect of culture. Almost all aspects of human life are always wrapped in some form of art. Indonesia is a country that has diverse artistic expressions. Different from Western arts that emphasize the element of aesthetics, traditional arts in various cultures in the Eastern world display elements that are more than just aesthetics. Other intended elements include the values or the life philosophy of the owner community. Traditional music always has two components that can not be separated from one another: textual and contextual aspects. Understanding a musical tradition should cover both aspects in their entirety. This paper aims to expose the contextual aspects of a musical tradition of Ngadha, Flores, NTT called go laba. The contextual aspect in question is the values or life philosophy of the community represented through this traditional music.