Nutritional Elements Research Articles

Extraction, Characterization, and Antioxidant Activity of Polysaccharides from Ajwa Seed and Flesh

The date palm has been cultivated in dry and hot areas of the planet for much of human history. In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, dates are the main crop used as a source of food. Among several species of date fruits, the Ajwa AL-Madinah date is unique, growing only in Al-Madinah geographical region. The Ajwa date is used in traditional medicine due to its abundant active components and therapeutic properties. This study investigates the structural properties and the antioxidant effects of water-soluble polysaccharides extracted from Ajwa flesh and seed. The polysaccharides were isolated by two techniques including hot water and ultrasonic extraction. After isolation and partial purification, the physicochemical properties of four samples of polysaccharides extracted from flesh and seed were studied by several techniques including FTIR, solid-state NMR, elemental analysis, and mass spectrometry. Several radical scavenging experiments were combined to study the antioxidant activity of the polysaccharide compounds. FTIR and NMR results showed a structure typical of heterogeneous polysaccharides. Mass spectrometry revealed that the polysaccharide samples were composed mainly of mannose, glucose, galactose, xylose, arabinose, galacturonic acid, and fucose. In addition, the physicochemical properties and composition of polysaccharides extracted from flesh and seed were compared. The extracted polysaccharides showed antioxidant activity, with 2, 2′-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging, Fe chelating ability, hydroxyl free radical scavenging ability, and 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging. These results highlight their potential to be a useful nutritional element or supplemental medication.

Diet of the Insular Lizard, Podarcis lilfordi (Günther, 1874): Complementary Morphological and Molecular Approaches.

The diets of insular lizards are extremely varied, depending on the different environmental characteristics of each island population. This is particularly evident in the case of the populations of small coastal islets of the Balearic Islands, where the Balearic lizard, Podarcis lilfordi, is found. The study of trophic ecology carried out by means of traditional tools, such as morphological analysis of feces, has made it possible to detect numerous prey and nutritional elements. However, these methods are clearly insufficient, as some rare groups are not detected. It is also difficult to identify remains of marine subsidies or of foods contributed to these small islands by other predators, such as seabirds. The current study demonstrates the advantages of combining morphological diet analysis with the molecular study of individual feces samples obtained from the same populations. We obtained a greater diversity of prey groups using the combined methodologies, with each method identifying prey items that were not detected using the other method. Particularly, the study of diets at the molecular level identified plant species consumed by lizards that were, occasionally, not identified in morphological analyses. Conversely, the traditional morphological study of an equivalent number of fecal samples allowed for the identification of several prey groups that had not been detected in the molecular study. From this viewpoint, the advantages and disadvantages of each methodology are discussed.

The Paleoproterozoic and Neoproterozoic Carbon Cycle Promoted the Evolution of a Habitable Earth

AbstractThe carbon cycle is an important process that regulates Earth's evolution. We compare two typical periods, in the Paleoproterozoic and Neoproterozoic, in which many geological events occurred. It remains an open question when modern plate tectonics started on Earth and how it has influenced the carbon cycle through time. In the Paleoproterozoic, intense weathering in a highly CO2 and CH4 rich atmosphere caused more nutritional elements to be carried into the ocean. Terrestrial input boosted high biological productivity, deposition of sediments and the formation of an altered oceanic crust, which may have promoted an increase in the oxygen content. Sediment lubrication and a decrease in mantle potential temperature made cold and deep subduction possible, which carried more carbon into the deep mantle. Carbon can be stored in the mantle as diamond and carbonated mantle rocks, being released by arc and mid‐ocean ridge outgassing at widely different times. From the Paleoproterozoic through the Neoproterozoic to the Phanerozoic, the carbon cycle has promoted the evolution of a habitable Earth.

Overexpression of CsATG3a improves tolerance to nitrogen deficiency and increases nitrogen use efficiency in arabidopsis

Nitrogen (N) is a major nutrition element for tea plant. However, application of high levels of N negatively causes environmental problems. Therefore, improved N use efficiency (NUE) of tea plant will be highly desirable and crucial for sustainable tea cultivation. Autophagy plays a central role in N recycling and holds potential to improve N utilization, and many AuTophaGy-related genes (ATGs) are involved in the autophagy process. Here, CsATG3a was identified from Camellia sinensis, and the functions involved in N utilization was characterized in arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). The transcript level of CsATG3a in tea leaves increases with their maturity. Relative to the wild type (WT) arabidopsis, two CsATG3a-overexpressing (CsATG3a-OE) lines exhibited improved vegetative growth, delayed reproductive stage, and upregulated expression of AtATGs (AtATG3, AtATG5 and AtATG8b) in a low N (LN) hydroponic condition. The expression levels of AtNRT1.1, AtNRT2.1, AtNRT2.2, AtAMT1.1 and AtAMT1.3 for N uptake and transport in roots were all significantly higher in CsATG3a-OE lines compared with those in the WT under LN. Meanwhile, the overexpression of CsATG3a in arabidopsis also increased N and dry matter allocation into both rosette leaves and roots under LN. Additionally, compared with WT, improved HI (harvest index), NHI (N harvest index), NUtE (N utilization efficiency) and NUE (N use efficiency) of CsATG3a-OE lines were further confirmed in a low-N soil cultured experiment. Together, these results concluded that CsATG3a is involved in N recycling and enhances tolerance to LN, indicating that CsATG3a holds potential promise to improve NUE in tea plant.

Aeroponic Media Potato Plant Monitoring and Control System Internet of Things Based

Aeroponics is a farming method without soil media that works by spraying water and a nutrient solution in the form of a mist on plant roots. The use of the aeroponic method itself requires monitoring and controlling air temperature, air humidity, water temperature, and nutrient levels. Incorrect settings can cause plants to experience drought, root rot, and a lack of nutritional elements, which can cause plant death. Therefore, we need a system that can monitor and control air temperature, air humidity, water temperature, and nutrient content. This research builds an Internet of Things-based system that can assist in providing information regarding the values of air temperature, air humidity, water temperature, and nutrient content displayed on the website application. The system can also perform manual and automatic control functions. In the test results, the sensor value reading system has an accuracy of 98.56% for air temperature, 96.89% for accuracy of air humidity readings, 99.64% for accuracy of water temperature readings, 97.02% for accuracy of nutrient solution readings, and 99.86% for accuracy of water level readings. The test results from observing potato plants for 21 days showed an increase in growth in the highest plant height with an average of 4.36 cm and the lowest plant height growth with an average of 0.96 cm.

Development of technology for the fermented milk products for baby food

Replenishment of macro- and micronutrients in case of their deficiency in the children is the leading task of modern dietetics and a fundamental factor in the children’s healthy development. The development of new types of food products can solve this task. This article presents the development of technology for production of fermented milk product for children nutrition. The option of introducing spirulina algae into a fermented milk product was experimentally investigated. On the basis of physical and chemical, rheological and organoleptic characteristics it was defined that the introduction of 2% of spirulina allows obtaining a product with acceptable physical, chemical and rheological characteristics. The organoleptic profile was corrected by adding fruit filler in volume of 20 % from the raw material mass. The conducted research made it possible to develop a fermented milk product for child nutrition, which can satisfy 10–16 % of the daily demand for nutritional elements, and which features high consumer-oriented characteristics.

Spectral Lines of Ca<sup>2+</sup>, Au<sup>3+</sup>, and Ag<sup>+</sup> Found in Complex Matrices and Interactions of These Ions with Molecules, Cells and Mineral Surfaces

Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) is a non-destructive analytical method used to solve problems involving nutritional, mineral, and toxic chemical elements. It is very common in the customization and commerce of jewelry. EDXRF depends on recording spectral lines from the irradiation of isotopes. After a brief review of the interactions of the ions Ca²⁺, Zn²⁺, P, Au³⁺, and Ag⁺ along with the results of the current study it was revealed that the methodology, when used in a semi-quantitative approach, can successfully identify all elements present in a whalebone sample collected from Santa Catarina Island (Brazil). This article serves as an example to explain the molecular reactions of Ca²⁺ and the concentration of elements: Cl^-, Zn²⁺, Br, Fe, Mn, Ca, K, S, P, and Si. It was proposed initially to evaluate spectral lines of Ca²⁺ found in the whalebone (biomarker). The model was then further expanded to explore Ca²⁺ and its relationships to the intra- and extracellular environments, where the plasma membrane Ca²⁺-pump (PMCA) is responsible for Ca²⁺ ejection in most eukaryotic, excitable cells as, eg, in the cardiac tissue with a Na/Ca exchanger. The certified Road Dust (BCR-723, which is in prominence among the reference materials used) could be applied to samples of dust, soils, sediments, fossil fuel, ceramic, and bio-ceramic in general. With the aid of a matching matrix, it has been shown that EDXRF can function even with samples of Au³⁺ and Ag⁺. The results with certified reference samples of Road Dust (BCR-723) and its standards serve as a basis for studies of catalyst supports, an eg aluminum oxide containing titanium, erbium, lanthanum, and other elements, and as a model of charged ions.

Development of artificial potting soils mixed with various local agronomical ores, ameliorants, agricultural and manufacturing wastes

In the process of growth and development, cultivated plants synthesize dry matter by removing mineral nutrients from the soil. Therefore, the root layer of cultivated plants must be rich in elements of mineral nutrition. Their economic removal as a result of alienation from the grown crop requires a return to the soil to increase its fertility and ensure the productivity of the upcoming harvest. The research aims to develop artificial grounds mixed with various local agricultural ores, ameliorants, and waste from agricultural and industrial production, including macro- and microelements. Studies were conducted under artificial conditions in the phytotron of Bashkir State Agrarian University. In the control variant, oats had the highest productivity and plant survival (57.0%), slightly lower - in spring wheat (43.0%), and the lowest - in pea (28.0%) because of potting soil acidity. The authors believe that the addition of zeolite to the soil increases the productivity of peas by 20.0%; spring wheat by 20.9; oats by 24.0%; with phosphogypsum by 38.0, 24.9 and 30.0%, respectively. The most effective in the experiments was the variant of potting soils with defecate. The growth in pea plants was 44.0%, spring wheat - 29.10 and oats - 234.0%. Potting soils and their components have excellent prospects in crop production in Russia.

Lithium treatment extends human lifespan: findings from the UK Biobank.

Lithium is a nutritional trace element that is also used pharmacologically for the management of bipolar and related psychiatric disorders. Recent studies have shown that lithium supplementation can extend health and lifespan in different animal models. Moreover, nutritional lithium uptake from drinking water was repeatedly found to be positively correlated with human longevity. By analyzing a large observational aging cohort (UK Biobank, n = 501,461 individuals) along with prescription data derived from the National Health Services (NHS), we here find therapeutic supplementation of lithium linked to decreased mortality (p = 0.0017) of individuals diagnosed with affective disorders. Subsequent multivariate survival analyses reveal lithium to be the strongest factor in regards to increased survival effects (hazard ratio = 0.274 [0.119-0.634 CI 95%, p = 0.0023]), corresponding to 3.641 times lower (95% CI 1.577-8.407) chances of dying at a given age for lithium users compared to users of other anti-psychotic drugs. While these results may further support the use of lithium as a geroprotective supplement, it should be noted that doses applied within the UK Biobank/NHS setting require close supervision by qualified medical professionals.

Impact of Nutritional Status on Outcomes of Stroke Survivors: A Post Hoc Analysis of the NHANES.

Stroke, a neurological emergency, is a leading cause of death and disability in adults worldwide. In acute or rehabilitative stages, stroke survivors sustain variable neurological recovery with long-term disabilities. The influence of post-stroke nutritional status on long-term survival has not been confirmed. Using the United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data (2001-2010), we conducted a matched-cohort analysis (929 and 1858 participants in stroke and non-stroke groups, respectively) to investigate the influence of nutritional elements on post-stroke survival. With significantly lower nutrient consumption, the mortality risk was 2.2 times higher in stroke patients compared to non-stroke patients (Kaplan-Meier method with Cox proportional hazards model: adjusted hazard ratio, 2.208; 95% confidence interval: 1.887-2.583; p < 0.001). For several nutritional elements, the lower consumption group had significantly shorter survival than the higher consumption stroke subgroup; moreover, stroke patients with the highest 25% nutritional intake for each nutritional element, except moisture and total fat, had significantly shorter survival than non-stroke patients with the lowest 25% nutrition. Malnutrition is highly prevalent in stroke patients and is associated with high mortality rates. The dynamic change in energy requirements throughout the disease course necessitates dietary adjustment to ensure adequate nutritional intake.

Sustainable Conversion of Harmful Algae Biomass into a CO2 Reduction Electrocatalyst for Two-Fold Carbon Utilization.

Harmful algae blooms (HABs) frequently occur all over the world and cause great harm to the environment, human health, and aquatic ecosystems. However, owing to their great growth rate and large nutrient intake capacity, algae can enrich a large amount of carbon (CO2) and nutritional elements (N and P) in their biomass. Thus, this could be applied as a robust approach to battle global warming and water eutrophication if the harmful algae biomass was effectively harvested and utilized. Herein, we propose a thermochemical approach to convert algae biomass into a nitrogen-doped electrocatalyst for CO2 reduction. The as-synthesized carbon catalyst exhibits a favorable electrochemical CO2 reduction activity. The key drivers of the environmental impacts in the thermochemical conversion approach with a comparison with the commonly used landfilling approach are identified with life cycle assessment. The former presents much lower environmental burdens in terms of impacts such as freshwater/terrestrial ecotoxicity and human toxicity than the latter. Moreover, if the thermochemical conversion process was successfully applied for biomass conversion worldwide, 2.17 × 108 tons of CO2-eq, 8.42 × 106 tons of N, and 1.21 × 106 tons of P could be removed from the global carbon and other element cycles. Meanwhile, the thermochemical approach is also similar to landfilling in terms of costs. The results from this work provide a brand-new perspective for achieving twofold CO2 utilization and efficiently battling harmful algae blooms.

A study on awareness level of anaemia among young adult girls (18 to 25 years), in Patna

In the case of anaemia, the amount of haemoglobin in the blood becomes very less than normal (5-9 grams per 100 ml of blood), which reduces the ability of the body’s cells to take up oxygen. As a result, the cells do not get enough oxygen. It is caused by an insufficient supply of one or more nutritional elements like iron, protein, vitamin B12, folic acid, vitamin B6, and vitamin C. in India, it poses a huge health burden. Iron deficiency anaemia was the leading cause of years lived with disability among young adult girls. In India, 86.0% of girls are suffering from anaemia in 2019-20 and Bihar, 63.6% of girls are suffering from anaemia according to NFHS. The main reason for the study is that India has the largest number of anaemia in girls. Anaemia is considered an important health problem because of the adverse effects on mental and physical development during a girl’s development. Many nutritional surveys see that most girls do not take sufficient nutritional supplements. Most of the girls are not aware that they are affected by anaemia which was a reason increasing anaemia number. They are headed for malnutrition.

Novel Pickering emulsion stabilized by natural fiber polysaccharide-protein extracted from Haematococcus pluvialis residues

As an excellent source of natural astaxanthin, Haematococcus pluvialis ( H. pluvialis ) is rich in nutritional elements in the residues after extraction of astaxanthin. At present, the residues of H. pluvialis are only used as feed in the breeding industry, but its application in food industry is still a challenge. In this study, fiber polysaccharide-protein complex also known as aqueous protein extraction from H. pluvialis residues (APHRs) was successfully extracted from the aqueous extract of H. pluvialis residues (AHRs). The protein and carbohydrate contents of APHRs were 23.6% and 64.9%, respectively. The protein of APHRs was composed of β-sheet (57.6%) and turns, and the molecular weight of protein was about 10 kDa. What's more, APHRs had good emulsifying stability and oil holding capacity. Microscopic images showed that fibrous polysaccharides were connected around protein particles, which can form a stable structural cross-linking. The low energy emulsion formed by APHRs showed the smallest particle size and the best storage stability compared with crude polysaccharides of H. pluvialis residues (CPHRs) and AHRs. The emulsion creaming index of APHRs, CPHRs, and AHRs in high energy emulsion was 1%, 52%, and 61% respectively. Owing to the existence of fibrous polysaccharides, the stability of APHRs emulsion was superior to that of CPHRs and AHRs. In summary, APHRs have excellent safety and stability, and it is likely food-grade raw material for stabilizing Pickering emulsion. • New materials for forming Pickering emulsions from H. pluvialis residues. • Fiber polysaccharide-protein made the emulsion have excellent stability. • This study expands the application forms of microalgae in food. • Increasing the added value of H. pluvialis , and realizing sustainable development.

Procena sadržaja makro, mikro i toksičnih elemenata u zemljištu srpskih planina multivarijantnom analizom

The goal of this investigation was to assess the presence, content and limit concentrations of macro elements of plant nutrition, trace elements, and potentially toxic elements in the soil. The research was carried out in Kopaonik, Crni Vrh and Mokra Gora during the period 2020-2022 on the different depths. Samples were prepared by microwave digestion with mixture of mineral acids. Concentration of extractedelements were measured by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The method of sample preparation is very important for the successful determination of elements because it is a very complex matrixChemometric approach was applied to explain the distribution of elements and potentially toxic elements in the soil by location and sampling depth. Principal Component Analysis and Cluster Analysis have proven to be excellent tools for reducing the number of measurements and for grouping data by parameters and by sampling location. Research has shown that there was no major soil contamination with toxic metals in the selected areas.

ПОЧВЕННЫЙ ПОКРОВ И СВОЙСТВА ПОЧВ МАЛЫХ ВОДОСБОРОВ ПРИДОНСКОГО МЕЛОВОГО ЛЕСОСТЕПНОГО РАЙОНА СРЕДНЕРУССКОЙ ВОЗВЫШЕННОСТИ

On the territory of the Pridonsky cretaceous forest-steppe region of the forest-steppe province of the Central Russian Upland, a large area is occupied by eroded soils and soils of gully-beam complexes. Various agrophytocenoses play an important role in the formation of erosion-accumulative processes. Soil flushing is common mainly in plowed areas. Denudation, deluvial and proluvial processes occur on the banks and bottoms of beams occupied by natural phytocenoses. The influence of anti-erosion forest belts on the intensity of erosion and soil accumulation is noted. Under the forest belts and on the adjacent sections of the slopes, washed and buried soils are formed. The features of the composition of the soil cover and soil properties according to the relief elements and phytocenoses of the beam catchment are noted. The proportion of soils exposed to the simultaneous effects of erosion and accumulation in the soil cover of the beam catchment is determined. The changes in the agronomic and physico-chemical properties of the soil under the influence of erosion-accumulative processes on the elements of the relief of the catchment area of the Log Repny and various land plots are studied. The change in the content of humus and the main elements of mineral nutrition of plants in the soils subject to these processes has been established. The taxonomic levels of the identification of signs of erosion and accumulation, depending on their intensity and nature, are clarified. The expediency of allocating the degree of soil flushing at the species level is shown. It is recommended to consider the signs of deluvial and denudation processes on the banks of the beam at the level of the soil type. Proposals have been developed to improve the classification of gully-beam soils.

ВКЛАД УЧЕНЫХ БАШКИРСКОГО СХИ В ОСВОЕНИЕ АШИНСКИХ ФОСФОРИТОВ В ХИМИЗАЦИИ ЗЕМЛЕДЕЛИЯ ЮЖНОГО УРАЛА

Among the elements of mineral nutrition, the leading place belongs to the macronutrient phosphorus. The first mineral phosphorus fertilizer was developed by Looz at the Rothamsted Experimental Station in the 1840s. Before the beginning of the twentieth century manure applied to the fallow field was the main source of increasing soil fertility and crop yields. Phosphorus, as an element, came in the composition of organic matter. In the 1930s, the search for natural sources of phosphorus fertilizers was widely launched in our country, among which the leading place belongs to phosphorites – ores of natural origin that do not require industrial processing. In various areas of the country, positive results were obtained with the use of phosphorous flour of natural origin. In the mass experiments of the Novozybkov experimental station for 1925–1929, the increase in oat grain from phosphorite was 2.3 c/ha. When applying 5 kg/ha of phosphorous flour, the increase in the yield of winter rye grain amounted to 2.8 kg/ha, the sources of phosphorus fertilizers were examined in the western part of the Southern Urals, which subsequently formed the Ural phosphorous-bearing basin, where the Ashinskoye field took the leading place. This deposit was first discovered by N.P. Varlamov and G.V. Yakovlev in 1953, and was developed under the leadership of A.M. Mulmenko. The study of Ashinsky phosphorites for suitability as a phosphorus fertilizer began with the participation of the staff of the Department of Agrochemistry under the leadership of Professor Yu.A. Usmanov. Laboratory, vegetation, field and production studies were carried out with various agricultural crops. The average composition of phosphorites of the deposit was determined by laboratory: phosphoric acid – 24.43 %; one and a half oxides (Fe2O3 + A2O3) – 7.9 %; calcium oxides (CaO) – 45 %; insoluble residue – 11.0 %. It has been established that Ashinsky phosphorite phosphates are insoluble in water, up to 20 % of them are presented in lemon-soluble form, i.e. available to plants in the first year of use. In field experiments, the increase in the yield of winter rye grain ranged from 33.6 % to 54.3 %. Cereal crops had a different reduction in the growing season by 4–65 days. With high rates of phosphorite application, the sparsity of winter rye crops decreased to 9.2 %. The proportion of phosphorus (P2O5) in the grain of cereals increased. The use of phosphorous flour was justified as a phosphorus fertilizer both agroeconomically and agrochemically. Currently, the return of mineral nutrition elements to the soil together with fertilizers is at the level of half of the removal with the harvest. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the supply of mineral fertilizers and the introduction of organic ones. As phosphorus fertilizers, it is necessary to resume the application of phosphorous flour from the Ashinsky deposit, as it is economically feasible to increase the productivity of field crops in the farms of the Republic of Bashkortostan as in previous years.

The content of nutrients, lignin and cellulose in plants and lichens in the forest-tundra ecotone of the Khibiny mountain massif

The results of studies of the chemical composition of plants and lichens in the altitude gradient on the slope of Yumechorr of the Khibiny mountain massif (Murmansk region) are presented. The species specificity of the accumulation of macro- and microelements by the assimilating organs of plants and lichens in the in the main altitude zones is shown. The leaves of Betula pubescens and Vaccinium myrtillus are the most rich of elements of mineral nutrition. Lichens are characterized by a low content of N, Ca, K, P, Mg, S, as well as Zn and Mn and high - Fe, Cu, Ni. In spruce and pine needles, similar patterns of the distribution of elements by age classes were revealed. Changes in the content of nitrogen, mineral elements, secondary metabolites in the altitude gradient in the assimilating organs of plants and lichens, during the transition from the forest belt to the mountain forest, have been established. It has been established that with increasing growth height, the N content increases in Pinus sylvestris needles, in the leaves of Arctostaphyllos uva-ursi, in the leaves of the current year Empetrum hermaphroditum. Plants growing in the mountain tundra and forest tundra are characterized by a high content of K. The Zn content also increases with increasing absolute height in the conifers/leaves of P. sylvestris, B. pubescens, V. uliginosum. During the transition from the forest belt to the mountain tundra, the content of Ca and Mg decreases in plant leaves. In the leaves of E. hermaphroditum, minimal concentrations of Mn were also detected in the mountain tundra. The content of lignin and cellulose in the leaves of shrubs, with the exception of V. myrtillus, in the belt of coniferous forests is lower than in the belt of birch forests and tundra. The content of lignin in the leaves of B. nana and B. pubescens increases, and cellulose practically does not change with an increase in absolute height in the Khibiny Mountains. Accumulation of lignin is observed in needles of P.sylvestris in the belt of birch woodlands.

PREPARATION OF NANO FEED MIXTURE FOR INTENSIVE FATTENING

Along with animal production increasing, the homogeneous and equally balanced compound feeds creating need is also growing. The compound feeds’ uniformity requirements have increased due to their complexity composition, that includes more and more ingredients. In addition to compound feed uniformity, its balance plays an important role in order for the animal exactly receives as many nutrients as it should within the ration. Since compound feed cannot provide all the necessary elements for complete nutrition, it is proposed to add ultrafine particles directly during mixing. In the course of research, it was found that the most difficult operation from a technical point of view is the process of ultrafine particles’ uniform distribution in the feed ingredients’ main stream. In this regard, the need of compound feeds with ultrafine particles’ producing method, which allows compound feeds’ balance cost to reduce and digestibility value to increase was identified to develop. As part of the study, an experimental feed mixer’s new design was developed, the main parameters of this installation due to mixer operation optimal parameters’ further finding were identified. Laboratory and production experiments were carried out on the experimental facility. The laboratory’s experiment involved mixing compound feeds with ultrafine particles, after mixing the resulting mixture to get rid of harmful trace elements and their better transportation was extruded. The production experiment took place on the Orenburg region agricultural enterprise’s basis.

Біогеохімічні засади розвитку садівництва України

There is considered the importance of biogeochemical research for improving the quality of fruit crops. A significant part of the Earth's population suffers from diseases associated with an imbalance of nutritional (essential) elements. Scientific directions for in-depth research into the quality of horticulture products, their comprehensive evaluation and forecasting of their impact on the health of the population are gaining relevance. Biogeochemical research is one of the newest trends in the development of horticulture in Ukraine, which can further declare the excellent quality of our fruits and berries on the European market It is noted that the theoretical basis of such studies are the works of V.I. Vernadskyi. The purpose of the presented research is to generalize the regional biogeochemical features of the fruit-growing zones of Ukraine and to determine the relevant directions for improving the quality of fruit and berry products due to the balance of essential traceelements. The biogeochemical subregion of balance Co, Mo, Mn, Zn, Cu, Sr prevaile in the territories of the Eastern Forest Steppe and Donbas, as well as in the northern part of the Southern Steppe and the central part of Crimea. In these territories, statistical estimates of the content of the studied essential microelements in the soils corresponded to biogeochemical norms (within threshold concentrations); medical statistics did not record an increased incidence of the corresponding endemic diseases among the children's population. Biogeochemical subregions of imbalance Co, Mo, Mn, Zn occupy about 80 % of the area of Ukraine and are spread over the territory of 9 fruit-growing zones - Polyssia, Western Forest-Steppe, Transnistria, Western and Central Steppe, North-Eastern Steppe, Southern Steppe, Prykarpattia, Transcarpathia, Crimea. Peculiarities of horticulture in the territories of biogeochemical subregions of imbalance Со, Мо, Мn, Zn are caused by the increased probability of manifestation of up to 16 phytopathologies of crops. Our regional medico-geochemical studies here have established an increased prevalence of diseases among the children's population endemic diseases - anemia, glomerulonephritis, diabetes, poisoning. Within the biogeochemical subregions of Co, Mo, Mn on the territory of 11 administrative regions of Ukraine, it is necessary to introduce special agrochemical technologies for feeding crops using appropriate agrochemical methods. It is advisable to take into account the relationship between the existing content of nutrient microelements in the soil and the physiological needs of agricultural crops when we planting new gardens. For example, planting apple orchards and vineyards is advisable on the territory of biogeochemical subregions with both an excess of zinc and a lack of molybdenum, because these crops have, respectively, very high needs of Zn and insignificant needs of Mo. Key words: micronutrients, product quality, biogeochemical provinces, non-infectious phytopathologies.

Changes of Nutritive Elements in Soils That Medium-Supplied With Phosphorus, Depending on Fertilizers Used in Cotton Agrocenosis

The aim is to increase the mobile nutrient content in the soil by applying optimal nitrogen and potassium fertilizers without the use of phosphorus fertilizers on irrigated typical gray soils moderately supplied with mobile phosphorus. Significant differences are observed in the amount of mobile phosphorus in the soil from the beginning and till the end of the vegetation. It ranged between 24.28-27.15 mg / kg in the driving layer and between 15.20-19.05 mg / kg in the sub-driving layer. The amount of N-NO3 increased during the vegetation to 29.1-34.4 mg / kg in the driving layer, N-NH4 in the driving layer changed to 3.1-4.2 mg / kg. Exchangeable potassium was found to fluctuate between 148.72–177.82 mg / kg in the driving layer at the end of the vegetation period and varied between 179.2–182.75 mg / kg in the sub-driving layer.