Electronic Networks Research Articles

Weighted-Neighborhood-Information-Network-Enabled Anomaly Detection Method for Electronic Sensors and Sensor Networks

As electronic sensors and sensor networks advance, perception data are increasingly characterized by mixed attributes. Traditional anomaly detection methods predominantly focus on numerical attributes. In this paper, we introduce a weighted neighborhood information network (WNIN)-enabled anomaly detection method tailored for mixed-attribute data from electronic sensors and sensor networks. Firstly, we employ the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to analyze the security of sensor networks, leveraging a hierarchical electronic sensor network model to construct a hierarchical perception security architecture for anomaly detection. Subsequently, a neighborhood information system is established to ascertain the relationships between data objects with mixed attributes. We then develop the WNIN to encapsulate the relationships, and a state-transferring probability matrix based on data object similarity is derived. Ultimately, a random wandering process within the WNIN is executed, and the importance of data objects is evaluated using the steady-state distribution vector, thereby determining the anomaly data. Simulation outcomes reveal that our proposed method attains superior anomaly detection rates compared with existing methods.

Polarization regulation in core-shell HNTs@Metal/C for high-performance of electromagnetic wave absorption

Enhancing polarization loss is an effective method to improve electromagnetic wave absorption (EMA) performance. However, constructing more interfaces and inducing defects is a significant challenge in polarization regulation. This paper reports synthesizing a core-shell structure HNTs@M/C (M=Cu, Co, Zn) by pyrolysis of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). The enhancement of conduction loss is attributed to the electronic conduction network formed by the carbon layer and the metal particles. Co nanoparticles (NPs) create more interfaces with the carbon layer, significantly boosting polarization performance. Additionally, Zn sublimation induces numerous defects in the carbon layer, leading to cumulative amplification of polarization and stronger dielectric resonances in HNTs@Zn/C. With a thickness of 2.4 mm, the HNTs@Zn/C achieve an effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 6.9 GHz, covering the entire Ku-band with a minimum reflection loss of −61 dB. This work provides design strategies for interfacial and point interaction of polarization regulation.

Evaluating the combination of in-person and electronic social networking services for family caregivers of stroke survivors: A quasi-experimental analysis.

The effectiveness of health interventions delivered via a combination of in-person and electronic social networking services for caregivers of stroke survivors remains uncertain. This study evaluates the feasibility of implementing educational and peer support programs for these caregivers through such platforms. Quasi-experimental design. This study included 105 caregiver-survivor dyads, with 54 dyads allocated to the intervention group and the remaining 51 to the control group. The LINE intervention comprised a combination of in-person and electronic social networking services including stroke and rehabilitation education, problem-solving skills training, long-term care information support, and 24-h peer and professional support for caregivers. The outcomes were assessed at baseline, after 1 month, and after 3 months, and encompassed caregivers' care burden, depressive symptoms, perceived social support, and quality of life, as well as the rehabilitation adherence and depressive symptoms of stroke survivors. Generalized estimating equations were used to examine group differences. The data were collected between August 2021 and October 2022. The average age of the caregivers was 48.3 years. Caregivers in the intervention group reported reduced care burdens and enhanced perceptions of social support and quality of life as compared to those in the control group. Additionally, stroke survivors in the intervention group were less likely to exhibit high-risk depressive symptoms. Delivering a stroke caregiver support intervention via in-person and electronic social networking services, such as LINE, effectively reduced the care burden for caregivers of stroke survivors. Additionally, it enhanced caregivers' perceived social support and quality of life. This study demonstrated that caregiver education and peer support programs administered through a combination of in-person and electronic social networking services can serve as an effective support system for the psychosocial health of stroke caregivers. These findings support the integration of such interventions into standard clinical practice by healthcare providers or governmental bodies.

Ternary intermediate phase mediated high energy density and kinetically accelerated Sb-Cd electrode for liquid metal batteries

Liquid metal battery (LMB) is an attractive technology that can address the big challenge of efficient utilization of renewable energies, ascribed to its potential ultralong service lifetime, ideal cost-efficiency, and high safety. However, breaking through the energy density bottleneck remains a persistent challenge, due to the limited lithiation voltage and specific capacity of cathodes. Herein, we design a novel dual-active Sb-Cd cathode, which shows a new ternary alloying discharge mechanism with reversible formation of ternary intermediate phase LiCdSb, accompanied by a high discharge voltage of 1.0 V. Coupled with the excellent Li storage capability of Cd, the Sb80Cd20 cathode attains an attractive capacity (> 500 mAh g-1), outperforming all reported LMB cathodes. More importantly, upon deep lithiation, the conversion reaction of ternary LiCdSb to Li3Sb mediates the regeneration and dispersion of Cd melt in the cathode, which constructs in situ fast electron and lithium diffusion networks for the subsequent discharge, significantly accelerating the electrode reaction kinetics. Thus, the Sb80Cd20 electrode achieves an exceptional combination of high energy density (398.4 Wh kg-1 at 200 mA cm-2) and superior rate capability (542.5 W kg-1 at 2400 mA cm-2). Additionally, the Li||Sb-Cd battery exhibits an outstanding tolerance and self-healing ability towards thermal runaway.

Comparative Effects of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and Metformin on Glaucoma Risk in Type 2 Diabetes Patients

PurposeTo compare effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists and metformin on the risk of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), ocular hypertension, and the need for first-line glaucoma treatments in patients with type 2 diabetes. DesignA retrospective cohort study was conducted using electronic medical records (EMR) data from the from an international electronic health record network, covering a period from May 2006 to May 2024. ParticipantsPatients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who were treated with either GLP-1 receptor agonists or metformin. MethodsData from 120 healthcare organizations across 17 countries were analyzed. Patient outcomes were assessed at 1, 2, and 3 years. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to balance covariates such as demographics, comorbidities, and medication usage. Risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Main Outcome MeasuresIncidence of POAG, ocular hypertension, and the need for first-line treatments including beta-blockers, prostaglandin analogues, brimonidine, brinzolamide, dorzolamide, netarsudil, and laser trabeculoplasty. ResultsAfter PSM, both groups included 61,998 patients at the 1-year follow-up, 27,414 at the 2-year follow-up, and 14,100 at the 3-year follow-up. Patients treated with GLP-1 receptor agonists had a significantly decreased risk of developing POAG compared to those on metformin at 1 year (RR 0.59, 95% CI 0.39-0.88), 2 years (RR 0.50, 95% CI 0.32-0.78), and 3 years (RR 0.59, 95% CI 0.37-0.94). Similar protective effects were observed for ocular hypertension with risk reductions of 56% at 1 year (RR 0.44, 95% CI 0.31-0.62), 57% at 2 years (RR 0.43, 95% CI 0.30-0.62), and 49% at 3 years (RR 0.51, 95% CI 0.34-0.75). The risk of first-line therapy initiation was also lower in the GLP-1 receptor agonists group at 1 year (RR 0.63, 95% CI 0.53-0.74), 2 years (RR 0.71, 95% CI 0.59-0.85), and 3 years (RR 0.75, 95% CI 0.62-0.91). ConclusionsGLP-1 receptor agonists are associated with a significantly lower incidence of POAG, ocular hypertension, and the need for first-line glaucoma treatments compared to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes. These findings highlight the potential ocular benefits of GLP-1 receptor agonists and their expanding role in the clinical management of diabetic patients.

Racial and ethnic disparities in testing of Hepatitis C virus-exposed children across the United States.

Despite rising hepatitis C virus (HCV) prevalence among pregnant individuals in the United States, HCV testing among exposed infants remains low. Although recent guidelines recommend early RNA testing for HCV-exposed children to help improve testing rates, national studies describing factors associated with HCV testing and type of testing completed are lacking. In this retrospective national study, we characterized HCV testing and care among HCV-exposed infants born 2010-2020 captured in the electronic health record-based TriNetX Research Network. We analyzed factors associated with appropriate HCV testing completion (negative or positive HCV RNA testing or negative HCV antibody testing at any age through study end in 2022) and with RNA compared with antibody testing, using univariable and multivariable logistic regression with clustered standard errors by healthcare organization. Of 8,516 HCV-exposed children, 45.8% completed any HCV testing and 42.1% completed appropriate testing (25% of whom had RNA testing only). 182 (5.1% of appropriately tested children) had evidence of HCV infection. Of 104 treatment-eligible children, 14.4% were treated. Black (OR 0.38, 95% CI 0.26-0.55), Asian/Pacific Islander (OR 0.06, 95% CI 0.03-0.11), and Hispanic/Latinx children (OR 0.56, 95% CI 0.36-0.88) had lower odds of appropriate testing compared with White and non-Hispanic/Latinx children, respectively. Fewer than half of HCV-exposed children in this national sample were tested for HCV, with lower testing odds among Black, Asian/Pacific Islander, and Hispanic/Latinx children. Substantial work to increase testing and treatment and decrease disparities in testing among HCV-exposed children is needed to help reach US HCV elimination goals.

Exogenous paths regulate electron transfer enhancing sediment phosphorus immobilization

The lack of electron acceptors in anaerobic sediments leads to endogenous phosphorus release and low removal efficiency of organic pollutants. This study introduced electrodes and iron oxides into sediments to construct electron network transport chains to supplement electron acceptors. The sediment total organic carbon (TOC) removal efficiencies of closed-circuit (CC) and closed-circuit with Fe addition (CC-Fe) were estimated to be 1.4 and 1.7 times of the control. Unlike the fluctuation of phosphorus in the overlying water of the controls, the CC-Fe was stabled at 0.04–0.08 mg/L during the 84-d operation. The phosphorus in interstitial water of CC-Fe was 30 % less than in control, whereas in sediment, the redox sensitive phosphorus was increased by 14 %, indicating phosphorus was preferred to fix into sediments rather than interstitial water. This is important to reduce the risk of endogenous phosphorus returning to the overlying water. Microbial community analysis showed that the multiplication of Fonticella in CC-Fe (20 %) was 1.8-fold of control (11 %) which improved the TOC removal efficiency. While electroactive microorganisms accumulated near the electrode reduced the abundance of Fe-reducing bacteria, such as Desulfitobacterium (2.4 %), leading to better phosphorus fixation. These findings suggest a strategy for the efficient bioremediation of endogenous pollution in water, with broader implications for regulating electron transport paths and element cycles in aquatic environments.

Benzodiazepine use for anxiety disorders is associated with increased long-term risk of mood and substance use disorders: A large-scale retrospective cohort study

BackgroundBenzodiazepines (BZDs) are widely prescribed for anxiety disorders. However, the long-term implications on mental health remain uncertain, especially the potential association between chronic BZD use and subsequent diagnosis of mood and substance use disorders (SUDs). MethodWe conducted a 5-year retrospective cohort study by analyzing the TriNetX database, a real-time electronic medical record network. The study population was defined as patients aged 18–65 with anxiety disorders (ICD-10-CM: F40-F48). We employed propensity score matching to pair a BZD-exposed cohort (≥12 BZD prescriptions) with a BZD-unexposed control cohort. The outcomes were defined as depressive disorders, bipolar disorders, and SUDs. We employed Kaplan-Meier analyses to assess the survival probability over five years following diagnosis and BZD exposure; log-rank test to obtain the hazard ratio (HR) with 95 % confidence interval (CI). ResultsWe identified and matched 76,137 patients in the study and control cohorts. Compared to the control cohort, the BZD-exposed group exhibited significantly higher risks of being diagnosed with depressive disorders (HR, 2.64; 95 % CI, 2.59–2.68), bipolar disorders (HR, 4.39; 95 % CI, 4.15–4.64), overall substance use disorders (HR, 3.00; 95 % CI, 2.92–3.08), alcohol use disorder (HR, 3.38; 95 % CI, 3.20–3.57), stimulant use disorder (HR, 3.24; 95 % CI, 2.95, 3.55), cannabis use disorder (HR, 2.93; 95 % CI, 2.75–3.11), inhalant use disorder (HR, 4.14; 95 % CI, 3.38–5.06), and nicotine use disorder (HR, 2.72; 95 % CI, 2.63–2.81). ConclusionOur findings demonstrate a concerning association between BZD use and an increased risk of being diagnosed with various mood disorders and SUDs.

Sociology of E-Health Initiatives in Sierra Leone’s Communal Health Zone

The Sierra Leonean government has promoted diverse programs and approaches as a segment of civic automation ambitions to hand associates of the communal with a reachable path to health social data and services. Accomplishments have been made to grasp Datalogies in Sierra Leone’s communal health zone. The conduct of social health establishments in Sierra Leone nonetheless persists in degenerating at a moment when the exploit of Datalogies in social health is attaining motivation in the Mano River Basin. This sociological inquiry, therefore, urges to evaluate the execution of the social E-health system disclosing the ongoing state of social e-health or electronic device networks in Sierra Leone’s communal clinics. The sociological inquiry embraced an exploratory social inquiry design. Respondents in this inquiry preferred purposive sampling. Social data were amassed via respondents' social observations, in-depth dialogues, and documentary inquiry. The inquiry determined that despite social e-health being an essential instrument in enhancing standard, swift, and productive social health care, its achievement in Sierra Leone has not been smooth, and it is still in its immaturity platforms. The inquiry wrapped up with the fact that social e-health is a dependable instrument for forwarding prosperous and efficient communal social health service supply in Sierra Leone. The sociological inquiry, therefore, mirrors and offers aspects imperative for the thriving application of social E-health in Sierra Leone’s communal social health zone.

(Invited) Carbon in Electrochemical Energy Storage

Carbon materials play a pivotal role in the realm of electrochemical energy storage. Their significance stems from the diverse applications they find based on surface chemistries and morphologies. In batteries, various carbons serve as electrochemical active materials, hosting structures and additives. For instance, fluorinated carbon emerges as an excellent cathode material for primary batteries. Fine-tuning the C/F ratio on cabron surfaces allows customization of the power/energy ratio, catering to specific applications. Graphene, with its ability to self-assemble into hierarchical structures, has proven to be an ideal oxygen electrode. Porous nanocarbon structures are commonly employed to host sulfur, although addressing challenges at the electrode level is imprative for further processing. Carbon additives become essential components in cathode or anode materials for Li-ion batteries. Establishing a continuous electronic conductive network using a minimal amount of carbon in electrodes is a constant pursuit, aiming to reduce parasitic weight at the cell level. This talk wil ldelve into the fundamental roles that carbon play in various systems, such as Li/CFx, Li/O2, Li-S and advanced Li-ion batteries to underscore the crucial role of carbon in advancing battery technologies.

Influence of Carbon Types on the Electrochemical Performance of Disordered Rocksalt Cathodes

Disordered rocksalt (DRX) materials have recently emerged as a promising class of cobalt-free high-capacity cathodes. However, due to their poor electronic conductivity, they require a high carbon content in the composite cathodes (20-30 wt%) to achieve their full potential, which has a detrimental effect on its cell-level energy density. To assess strategies to mitigate this issue, this study investigates the effect of three types of carbon (Super C65, synthetic graphite, and ketjenblack; chosen based on varying physical properties) and their loadings (10-20 wt%) on the electrochemical performance of DRX cathodes (Patil et al., 2023). Overall, DRX cathodes containing graphite additive demonstrated superior cycling performance (∼260 mA h/g with 85% capacity retention after 50 cycles) and rate capability (∼135 mA h/g at 1000 mA/g) when compared to the traditional carbon blacks. Using a variety of characterization methods such as surface area estimation using BET method, transmission electron microscopy, inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and differential electrochemical mass spectrometry, the superior performance of graphite based DRX cathodes is largely attributed to (i) protection of DRX particle surfaces from parasitic reactions owing to a conformal graphitic coating (ii) homogenous distribution of graphite and DRX in the composite electrode providing a robust electronic network. This study provides important insights into how carbon microstructure and processing influences performance of DRX cathodes and paves the path for further development towards reduction of carbon content in composite DRX cathodes.Reference:Patil, S., Koirala, K.P., Crafton, M.J., Yang, G., Tsai, W.-Y., McCloskey, B.D., Wang, C., Nanda, J., Self, E.C., 2023. Enhanced Electrochemical Performance of Disordered Rocksalt Cathodes Enabled by a Graphite Conductive Additive. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 15, 39253–39264. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.3c05619

Ultrafast Charge Transfer Cascade in a Mixed-Dimensionality Nanoscale Trilayer

Innovation in optoelectronic semiconductor devices is driven by a fundamental understanding of how to move charges and/or excitons (electron-hole pairs) in specified directions for doing useful work, e.g. for making fuels or electricity. The diverse and tunable electronic and optical properties of two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) and one-dimensional (1D) semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (s-SWCNTs) make them good quantum confined model systems for fundamental studies on charge and exciton transfer across heterointerfaces. In nature, the photosynthetic apparatus achieves long-lived charge separation through a charge transfer cascade that consists of a series of thermodynamically downhill charge transfer reactions. Inspired by photosynthesis we create a unique mixed-dimensionality 2D/1D/2D MoS2/SWCNT/WSe2 hetero-trilayer. Photoexcitation of this trilayer heterostructure allows us to overcome both intralayer and interlayer exciton binding energies, resulting in coulombically unbound charges with microsecond recombination lifetimes. In contrast to previously demonstrated 2D/2D/2D trilayers based solely on monolayer TMDC layers, the very large charge mobilities and extended electron network of the 1D semiconducting SWCNT layer helps charges delocalize and diffuse away from the interface at which each type of charge is generated. Interestingly, the hetero-trilayer also appears to enable efficient hole transfer from SWCNTs to WSe2, which is not observed in the identically prepared WSe2/SWCNT heterobilayer, suggesting that new dynamic pathways may be opened by increasing the complexity of nanoscale heterostructures. Our work suggests "mixed-dimensionality" TMDC/SWCNT based hetero-trilayers as both interesting model systems for mechanistic studies of carrier dynamics at nanoscale heterointerfaces, and for potential applications in advanced optoelectronic systems.

ISSUES AND CHALLENGES OF ELECTRONIC PAYMENT SYSTEMS

An electronic payment is defined as a payment service that utilize information and communications technologies including integrated circuitcard, cryptography and telecommunications networks. E-commerce (electronic commerce) is the buying and selling of goods and services, or the transmitting of funds or data, over an electronic network, primarily the internet. The focus of this paper is to identify and explain the issues and challenges in e-payment system and to examine the problems faced by consumers during e-payments. Electronic payments are financial transactions made without the use of paper documents such as cheques. Electronic payments include debit card, credit card, smart card, e-wallet, e-cash, electronic cheques etc. E-payment systems have received different acceptance level throughout the world; some methods of electronic payments are highly adopted while others are relatively low. This study aimed to identify the issues and challenges of electronic payment systems and offer some solutions to improve the e-payment system quality.

Presenting a model in smart electronic health networks based on IoT-Fog for health care to optimize resources

Presenting a model in smart electronic health networks based on IoT-Fog for health care to optimize resources

Machine learning without a processor: Emergent learning in a nonlinear analog network

Standard deep learning algorithms require differentiating large nonlinear networks, a process that is slow and power-hungry. Electronic contrastive local learning networks (CLLNs) offer potentially fast, efficient, and fault-tolerant hardware for analog machine learning, but existing implementations are linear, severely limiting their capabilities. These systems differ significantly from artificial neural networks as well as the brain, so the feasibility and utility of incorporating nonlinear elements have not been explored. Here, we introduce a nonlinear CLLN-an analog electronic network made of self-adjusting nonlinear resistive elements based on transistors. We demonstrate that the system learns tasks unachievable in linear systems, including XOR (exclusive or) and nonlinear regression, without a computer. We find our decentralized system reduces modes of training error in order (mean, slope, curvature), similar to spectral bias in artificial neural networks. The circuitry is robust to damage, retrainable in seconds, and performs learned tasks in microseconds while dissipating only picojoules of energy across each transistor. This suggests enormous potential for fast, low-power computing in edge systems like sensors, robotic controllers, and medical devices, as well as manufacturability at scale for performing and studying emergent learning.

An Impulse Equivalent VSC Model for Large Power Grids Containing Multiple Converters

Abstract This paper explores the impulse equivalent method for constructing voltage source converter (VSC) model in large power grids containing multiple converters. It addresses the challenge of simulation cycle mismatch with device switching moments and proposes a cross-cycle correction method. The method enhances the VSC electromagnetic transient (EMT) simulation model, making it suitable for large-scale power grid simulations. The approach is validated through case studies, confirming its accuracy and computational efficiency for complex power electronic networks.

Information-hiding cameras: Optical concealment of object information into ordinary images.

We introduce an information-hiding camera integrated with an electronic decoder that is jointly optimized through deep learning. This system uses a diffractive optical processor, which transforms and hides input images into ordinary-looking patterns that deceive/mislead observers. This information-hiding transformation is valid for infinitely many combinations of secret messages, transformed into ordinary-looking output images through passive light-matter interactions within the diffractive processor. By processing these output patterns, an electronic decoder network accurately reconstructs the original information hidden within the deceptive output. We demonstrated our approach by designing information-hiding diffractive cameras operating under various lighting conditions and noise levels, showing their robustness. We further extended this framework to multispectral operation, allowing the concealment and decoding of multiple images at different wavelengths, performed simultaneously. The feasibility of our framework was also validated experimentally using terahertz radiation. This optical encoder-electronic decoder-based codesign provides a high speed and energy efficient information-hiding camera, offering a powerful solution for visual information security.

Bimetallic MOF‐Based Fibrous Device for Noninvasive Bilirubin Sensing

AbstractNoninvasive and real‐time detection of bilirubin concentration enables rapid assessment of liver health status and the diagnosis of jaundice‐related diseases. Herein, the study proposes a strategy to uniformly grow bimetallic FeCo metal–organic framework (MOF) films onto the surface of carbonized electrospun nanofibers via a stepwise growth strategy involving an induction effect of oxide nanomembrane prepared by atomic layer deposition, to realize high‐performance flexible nanofiber bilirubin sensors. Compared with monometallic MOF, the FeCo bimetallic MOF can attain a larger specific surface area, thus augmenting the exposed active sites. Furthermore, the synergistic interaction between the bimetallic active sites on the MOF film and the carbonized nanofibers enhances the electronic conduction network, thereby significantly enhancing the catalytic activity of the flexible electrode for bilirubin. The current nanofibers sensor exhibits excellent performance in bilirubin detection, in terms of high sensitivity, large linear detection range, and low detection limit. The synthesis of bimetallic MOF films on flexible fibers holds promise for the development of highly sensitive electrodes for wearable bilirubin detection devices.

Liquid metal-enhanced self-healing dual-hard-phase cross-linked waterborne polyurethane for flexible sensors

Flexible strain sensors are increasingly recognized in areas such as health monitoring, mechanical operations, and infrastructure due to their ability to detect minute mechanical signals and conform to irregular surfaces. As sophisticated smart materials, these sensors demand exceptional sensitivity, durability, and robust self-healing capabilities. In this paper, methyl 2,6-dihydroxybenzoate and 2,2′-diaminodiphenyl disulfide were introduced into waterborne polyurethane to form a dual-hard-phase crosslinked matrix, which is characterized by dynamic covalent disulfide bonds and reversible hydrogen bonds. The resultant WPU-D5B2 material exhibits outstanding tensile strength (34.80 MPa) and toughness (190.5 MJ m−3), with a 97.4 % degree of self-healing at 50 ℃ for 2 h. Remarkably, this material maintains 83 % of its original mechanical performance even following recycling processe. This method significantly enhances the performance of flexible strain sensors in complex environments. Consequently, a composite conductor was prepared by blending self-healing waterborne polyurethane (WPU), graphene oxide (GO), and liquid metal (LM). Graphene oxide formed an efficient electronic conductive network, while liquid metal served as a conductive medium, filling microgaps to maintain the integrity of the electron pathway. This innovative dual-conductive mechanism ensures reliable performance in applications such as advanced flexible sensors.

Interplay of adsorptive properties and dielectric reactivity of graphenes upon edge functionalization

Graphenes have unique physicochemical properties that can be engineered for pollutant adsorption and their dielectric properties can facilitate subsequent microwave regeneration. First, graphenes have the potential for high-level control of oxygen content at the edges of the material without compromising the conjugated electronic structure of the basal plane. Because the basal plane contains lightly functionalized sp2-hybridized carbon atoms while sp3-hybridized ones are on the periphery of the sheets. Edges of graphenes can be oxidized while the basal plane can still be electronically stable with conjugated π-electrons perpendicular to the graphene lattice. For this, graphenes can be oxidized to attain controlled dispersion in water without disrupting the conjugated electron network on the basal plane, which is critical for pollutant adsorption. Graphenes have sheet-like surfaces that form dynamic, porous aggregates in water and can facilitate synthetic organic compound adsorption by the complex interplay of ‘pore’ accessibility and favorable intermolecular interactions. Thus, studying the role of oxidation of graphenes can help unravel the interplay between inter-sheet distance and the adsorption of synthetic organic compounds. Second, the sp2 hybridized basal planes of graphenes have mobile π-electrons that are expedient for rapid dielectric heating, which can be harvested for rapid and efficient microwave regeneration. Fundamental research on graphene chemistry can lead to a paradigm shift in the water treatment industry towards the safe and sustainable deployment of regenerable nano-scale adsorbents. This article presents a perspective on how to approach edge functionalization of graphene with an aspiration to advance their safe and sustainable use in water treatment.