Electron Mean Research Articles

Back illuminated photo emission electron microscopy (BIPEEM)

A new, complementary technique based on Photo Emission Electron Microscopy (PEEM) is demonstrated. In contrast to PEEM, the sample is placed on a transparent substrate and is illuminated from the back side while electrons are collected from the other (front) side. In this paper, the working principle of this technique, coined back-illuminated PEEM (BIPEEM), is described. In BIPEEM, the electron intensity is strongly thickness-dependent. This dependence can be described by a simple model which contains the optical attenuation length and the electron mean free path. Electrons forming an image in BIPEEM hence carry information of the inner part of the sample, as well as of the surface, as we demonstrate experimentally.

PROBLEMS ARISE IN CHECKING THE CERTIFICATE ELECTRONICALLY IN THE PROCESS OF TRANSITIONING LAND RIGHTS AND SOLUTIONS

Regulation of the Minister of Agrarian Affairs/Head of the National Land Agency Number 16 of 2021 Third Amendment to the Regulation of the Minister of Agrarian Affairs/Head of the National Land Agency Number 3 of 1997 concerning Provisions for Implementing Government Regulation Number 24 of 1997 concerning Land Registration which requires checking certificates carried out entirely by electronic means by the Land Deed Making Officer (PPAT) but in practice, there are still many obstacles that must be faced by PPAT for the electronic certificate checking. This paper aims to describe various problems with electronic certificate checking by PPAT as well as solutions to all problems that occur in providing legal land guarantees and certainty and information disclosure in the community. The method used in this research is normative research using secondary data in the form of primary legal material in the form of legislation. The technique used in legal materials collection is a literature review or documentation using legal material analysis techniques as well as the deductive method. The results of this study put forward the problems that occur in checking electronic certificates, among others, physical certificates received by PPAT for checking cannot be ascertained whether or not valid, there is a discrepancy of data on the certificate checking results, the certificate data are not suitable for the land book data in the office of the National Land Agency (BPN), causing doubts and obstructing the transferring process of rights. The results of this study also offer a number of solutions that can be considered, among others: PPAT must carefully ensure the suitability of the existing data on the physical certificate or the data of results of electronic certificate checking, BPN is actively updating database system that adheres to the principle of liability, and it is expected that the BPN can minimize the error in recording juridical and physical data in the future. In the end, checking the certificate is a very effective step against the prevention of land disputes in the process of land transition and also reduces cases of land mafia in Indonesia. This will also be realized if supported by all parties both from PPAT, the community and BPN. The role of BPN is very necessary for this step, especially in the rule of the letters archived in BPN synchronized correctly when checking the certificate electronically.

Influence of Product Quality, Service Quality, and Promotion on Consumer Loyalty in E-Commerce Shopee with Consumer Satisfaction as Intervening Variable

Technological developments are increasingly rapidly affecting lifestyles that are increasingly striking, because technological developments affect mass communication models to carry out daily life activities, such as e-commerce is the distribution, purchase, sale marketing of goods and services through electronic means such as the internet or television, www or networks. Other computer. One of them is Shopee, which is an an application engaged in buying and selling online and can be accessed easily using a smartphone. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of product quality, service quality, and promotion on consumer loyalty in e-commerce Shopee, with consumer satisfaction as an intervening variable. The method of analysis in this study uses primary data, the test stages carried out are the outer model and the inner model. The data used in this study using a questionnaire instrument using google form, and valid data collected as many as 210 respondents. The sampling method in this research is non-proability sampling with purposive sampling technique. The testing tool used is SmartPls 3.0. The results of the study seen from the path coefficient indicate that product quality and service quality have a positive and significant effect on consumer satisfaction, while promotion has no significant effect on consumer satisfaction. Product quality, service quality, and promotion have no significant effect on consumer loyalty. Consumer satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on consumer loyalty.

Nonlocal suppression of Biermann battery magnetic-field generation for arbitrary atomic numbers and magnetization

The Biermann battery term of magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) generates a magnetic field where electron density gradients and electron temperature gradients are perpendicular to one another. Kinetic simulations and experiments have shown that the rate of magnetic-field generation is lower than Biermann when the electron mean free path becomes comparable to or greater than the temperature gradient scale length, known as the nonlocal regime. We investigate the nonlocal suppression of the Biermann term using simplified Fokker–Planck simulations covering a wide range of parameters. We provide the first fit for nonlocal Biermann suppression that has physically accurate behavior for small and large values of a suitable nonlocality parameter, valid for an arbitrary atomic number, and that includes the effect of magnetization on nonlocality. The fit is intended to provide an approximate method to account for reduced magnetic-field generation in MHD codes and theory.

Application of Electronic Means in Endurance Coordination Testing of Students with Disabilities Who are War Veterans

The purpose of the study was to determine the effectiveness of the use of electronic means created based on information and communication technologies in coordination testing of the endurance of students with disabilities who are war veterans in practical physical education classes. Materials and methods. To solve research problems, scientific intelligence applied the implementation of research at the theoretical and empirical levels. Analysis, synthesis, generalization, induction, systematization, pedagogical experiment, methods of mathematical statistics and technical modeling were used. The study involved 46 students who are war veterans (males aged 17–18). Results. An electronic mean for determining coordination endurance based on information and communication technologies and software has been developed. The design of the mean involves the use of mobile and stationary measuring units and a personal computer. The measuring unit contains analog and digital sensors. Information about the student’s performance on the test is displayed on the personal computer screen. Approbation of the developed mean involved establishing the degree of its authenticity by comparing the results of testing the coordination endurance of students with disabilities who are war veterans implemented using traditional methods of measurement and the results of testing using the developed mean. The calculation of the reliability and validity of the tests showed that the recording of control results by electronic means allows ensuring a high level of authenticity of the tests. Conclusions. The use of the electronic control means of coordination endurance presented in the work allows the achievement of a high level of reliability of control results in real time. Based on the summaries of the conducted empirical research, it was established that the introduction of electronic means of control in the process of physical education of students with disabilities who are war veterans helps to ensure the effectiveness of this process.

ОПТИКО-ЕЛЕКТРОННІ ЗАСОБИ РОЗВІДКИ, МОЖЛИВОСТІ ТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ

As evidenced by the experience of combat operations of Russia's war against Ukraine, military scientists today pay great attention to the development of capabilities and improvement of optical and electronic means of intelligence. Modern scientific and technological progress and the latest technologies have influenced the development and improvement of weapons and military equipment of a new generation, which has led to improved technical characteristics. The speed of weapon movement increased significantly and this affected the time it was in the detection zone. Due to the use of special anti-radiation coatings, the weapon's visibility is significantly reduced and its effective scattering area becomes small, which also leads to an increase in jamming protection and an increase in the effectiveness of countermeasures against technical means of intelligence, especially radar and radio engineering. The scientific work is devoted to the disclosure of the features of the combat use of modern optical-electronic means of intelligence, which have significant advantages over other technical means of intelligence, provided that the latest technologies are used in a wide spectrum of frequencies. The analysis of the latest research and publications shows that special attention is now being paid to modern optical and electronic intelligence tools that provide surveillance, detection and targeting. It is noted in the work that the success of the combat use of modern optical and electronic means of intelligence will be only where they are constantly improved and the possibilities of their use are comprehensively expanded. Modern optical and electronic means of intelligence have many advantages over other technical means of intelligence. This is low energy consumption, environmental cleanliness, they do not require additional protection systems, relative simplicity of construction and operation, small dimensions. Keywords: efficiency, modern optical and electronic means, energy consumption, observation, aiming, concepts, obstacle protection, stealth.

E-justice in Poland – Polish Experiences

In his research article, “E-justice in Poland: Polish experience,” the author discusses a relatively important subject that members of the society are likely to face, namely the use of modern Internet technologies and electronic devices in courts. At the outset, the author advances a thesis that today’s societies around the world are no longer able to go without the Internet, social networks, electronic documents, and electronic means of remote communication. This is how people do business and maintain contact today. Technology has become embedded in our civilisation as its natural component. This is no different in the court room where modern communication tools serve citizens. The author looks at the technological solutions through the Polish experience, but also through the European experience, in particular CEPEJ operating under the Council of Europe. The author also addresses the important issue of artificial intelligence and indicates areas in the judicial system where it could be applied effectively. The article aims to stimulate a global discussion on e-justice.

ЗАРУБЕЖНЫЙ ОПЫТ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ ЭЛЕКТРОННЫХ СРЕДСТВ В АДМИНИСТРАТИВНО-ЮРИСДИКЦИОННОМ ПРОЦЕССЕ

The article examines the experience of legal regulation (provisions of national legislative and other regulatory legal acts) and administrative and judicial practice of the use of electronic means in administrative and procedural activities by some foreign states. It is concluded that, despite significant progress in the digitalization of judicial systems of foreign countries, the use of electronic means in administrative and jurisdictional activities is still recognized as a new phenomenon and generates various issues and problems caused primarily by insufficient legal regulation in this area.

IMPROVEMENT OF LEGAL MECHANISMS FOR COUNTERING MONEY LAUNDERING THROUGH THE USE OF ELECTRONIC PAYMENT INSTRUMENTS

The purpose of this research is to study the current state of legal regulation to counter money laundering through the use of electronic payment instruments and on its basis to develop proposals for improving the relevant legal mechanisms. Materials and methods. To achieve the purpose of the study, the initial data were used: 1) regulatory legal acts adopted by state authorities of the Russian Federation; 2) materials of the latest judicial practice; 3) working materials of divisions of credit organizations engaged in anti-money laundering activities. The analysis and generalization of these materials made it possible to identify the actual problems in legal regulation of the institution in question in modern conditions and to develop proposals to overcome them. Study results. Current problems of improving the legal mechanisms for countering legalization (laundering) of funds and other property obtained as a result of criminal encroachments in the context of the use of electronic payment instruments are considered. The study found that creation of a legal mechanism regulating the digital assets market, as well as interpretation of regulations by judicial authorities, have a positive effect in the fight against legitimization of criminally acquired income. At the same time, the effectiveness of implementing such legislation in the field under consideration is associated with the need for careful studying the technological aspects of its application. The gradual introduction of the digital ruble will also make it necessary to improve legislation in the field of countering money laundering. The thesis is expressed that such improvement should be based directly on the characteristics of the digital ruble. Conclusions. When making amendments to the criminal legislation in order to exclude possible negative legal consequences of future law enforcement, it seems appropriate, if necessary, to use mechanisms of preliminary constitutional judicial control. The main directions of international cooperation in the field under consideration are: on the basis of regional rules creation of uniform international standards for countering money laundering, including uniform approaches to the criminal legal qualification of relevant acts, as well as formation of a legal and technical basis to implement operational information exchange between law enforcement agencies of various states on the facts of illegal using electronic means of payment.

ДИДАКТИЧНІ ЗАСАДИ ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ЕЛЕКТРОННИХ СЛОВНИКІВ В ПРОЦЕСІ ВИВЧЕННЯ НІМЕЦЬКОЇ МОВИ ЯК ІНОЗЕМНОЇ

The article analyzes the didactic principles of electronic dictionaries as a type of information and communication technologies when learning German as a second foreign language. The object of analysis was online dictionaries: ABBYY Lingvo, Multitran, Babylon NG, Duden online, Langenscheidt online. These electronic tools are effectively used at the Department of Applied Linguistics of the Lviv Polytechnic National University o in the process of teaching German as a sпecond foreign language and the cycle of translation disciplines for the training of specialists of the first (bachelor) level of higher education in the field 035 "Philology" (disciplines: "Modern German Language", "Practice of Speech", "Translation practice", "Translation workshop"), fields of knowledge 03 "Humanities" in face-to-face, distance and mixed learning conditions. It is noted that in the era of digitization, electronic means of education, in particular lexicographic sources, occupy a significant place in the educational process, becoming an integral part of it, which is explained by the successful competition of electronic sources with their paper counterparts. Electronic dictionaries make it possible to optimize the volume and composition of articles, combine different forms of information presentation (text, sound, graphics, animation), supplement and correct the content of databases, rationally structure information using hypertext technologies. The research is based on scientific and methodological principles regarding the use of electronic dictionaries in the process of learning foreign languages, developed in the works of domestic and foreign authors. It was concluded that the didactically correct use of digital tools (electronic dictionaries) in the process of learning foreign languages serves to form four types of speech activity and translation skills, contributes to the formation of universal language competence and innovative culture of the pupil/student and teacher/teacher.

Language technologies for a multilingual public administration in Spain

Interactions between citizens and the public administration are increasingly taking place by electronic means, often referred to as e-government. In Spain, these interactions mostly have to be monolingual, in Spanish, in the case of the central administration, but may be bilingual or even multilingual in autonomous communities that have their own official language. In this paper, we intend to show how state-of-the-art oral and written linguistic technologies for Spain’s coofficial languages could allow speakers of these languages to use them in many of their administrative relations with any Spanish public agency, thereby facilitating the conversion of Spain’s mostly monolingual administration into a multilingual one, enhancing digital language equality and guaranteeing the linguistic rights of speakers of minoritised languages. We will present an overview of the most promising language technologies in terms of their relevance from the point of view of multilingual communication between citizens and the administration. We will also review the existing technologies for Spain’s co-official languages, and present some ideas on how these could be integrated towards the multilingual transformation of Spanish public administrations without neglecting some of the attendant ethical and legal issues. The present work is intended to serve as an introductory and accessible overview for legislators, administrators, or any other person interested in the potential of language technologies to assist in developing a multilingual public administration.

Language technologies for a multilingual public administration in Spain

Interactions between citizens and the public administration are increasingly taking place by electronic means, often referred to as e-government. In Spain, these interactions mostly have to be monolingual, in Spanish, in the case of the central administration, but may be bilingual or even multilingual in autonomous communities that have their own official language. In this paper, we intend to show how state-of-the-art oral and written linguistic technologies for Spain’s coofficial languages could allow speakers of these languages to use them in many of their administrative relations with any Spanish public agency, thereby facilitating the conversion of Spain’s mostly monolingual administration into a multilingual one, enhancing digital language equality and guaranteeing the linguistic rights of speakers of minoritised languages. We will present an overview of the most promising language technologies in terms of their relevance from the point of view of multilingual communication between citizens and the administration. We will also review the existing technologies for Spain’s co-official languages, and present some ideas on how these could be integrated towards the multilingual transformation of Spanish public administrations without neglecting some of the attendant ethical and legal issues. The present work is intended to serve as an introductory and accessible overview for legislators, administrators, or any other person interested in the potential of language technologies to assist in developing a multilingual public administration.

Extracting transverse electron mean free paths in graphene at low energy

The LEEM-IV spectra of few-layer graphene show characteristic minima at specific energies, which depend on the number of graphene layers. For the same samples, low-energy TEM (eV-TEM) spectra exhibit transmission maxima at energies corresponding to those of the reflection minima in LEEM. Both features can be understood from interferences of the electron wave function in a purely elastic model. Inelastic scattering processes in turn lead to a finite, energy-dependent inelastic Mean Free Path (MFP) and a lower finesse of the interference features. Here we develop a model that introduces both an elastic and inelastic scattering parameter on the wave-function level, thus reconciling the models considered previously. Fitting to published data, we extract the elastic and inelastic MFP self-consistently and compare these to recent reports.

Emotional impact of bullying and cyber bullying: perceptions and effects on students

Bullying and cyberbullying are phenomena that have a significant emotional impact on students, generating negative perceptions and affecting their general well-being. Bullying refers to repeated aggressive, intimidating, or excluding behaviors that occur among peers in the school setting, while cyberbullying involves the use of electronic means to harass, defame, or threaten other students. The emotional impact of bullying and cyberbullying can be devastating for the students affected. They experience a wide range of negative emotions, including anxiety, fear, sadness, anger, and shame. Constant exposure to these experiences can lead to depression, low self-esteem, and mental health problems. Bullied students often have difficulty concentrating on their studies, which can affect their academic performance and personal development. Student perceptions of bullying and cyberbullying also play a role. Students may perceive themselves as helpless victims, which contributes to a sense of helplessness and hopelessness. In addition, they may develop distorted beliefs about their personal worth and their ability to relate to others. This can lead to a decrease in social participation, isolation, and a lack of self-confidence. The effects derived from school bullying and cyberbullying are numerous. Bullied students may experience a deterioration in their interpersonal relationships, since they have difficulties establishing solid bonds with their peers. Additionally, they may avoid school situations, such as transportation, recess, or extracurricular activities, for fear of being victimized. These avoidance behaviors can have a negative impact on their social development and their ability to adjust to the school environment. It is important to keep in mind that school cyberbullying has expanded the dimensions of traditional bullying. Bullying can happen online 24/7 and can reach a much broader audience. This intensifies the emotional impact on students, as they feel constantly threatened and cannot escape bullying even in the safety of their homes.

E-Government 3.0: An AI Model to Use for Enhanced Local Democracies

While e-government (referring here to the first generation of e-government) was just the simple manner of delivering public services via electronic means, e-gov 2.0 refers to the use of social media and Web 2.0 technologies in government operations and public service delivery. However, the use of the term ‘e-government 2.0’ is becoming less common as the focus shifts towards broader digital transformation initiatives that may include AI technologies, among others, such as blockchain, virtual reality, and augmented reality. In this study, we present the relatively new concept of e-government 3.0, which is built upon the principles of e-government 2.0 but refers to the use of emerging technologies (e.g., artificial intelligence) to transform the delivery of public services and improve governance. The study objective is to explore the potential of e-government 3.0 to enhance citizen participation, improve public service delivery, and increase responsiveness and compliance of administrative systems in relation to citizens by integrating emerging technologies into government operations using as a background the evolution of e-government over time. The paper analyzes the challenges faced by municipalities in responding to citizen petitions, which are a core application of local democracies. The author starts by presenting an example of an e-petition system (as in use today) and analyses anonymized data of a text corpus of petitions directed to one of the Romania municipalities. He will propose an AI model able to deal faster and more accurately with the increased number of inputs, trying to promote it to municipalities who, for some reason, are still reluctant to implement AI in their operations. The conclusions will suggest that it may be more effective to focus on improving new algorithms rather than solely on ‘old’ technologies.

Electronic government in public administration

The article is devoted to the study of electronic governance in public administration.The article clarifies the essence of information and communication technologies in the process of development of public administration. Attention is drawn to the fact that, thanks to information technologies, there has been a transition to a new form of organization of the activities of public authorities, as well as a qualitatively new level of efficiency and ease of obtaining public services by organizations and citizens.It is noted that an important role in this aspect is given to electronic governance as a new form of communication between citizens and the authorities.Approaches to defining the concept of “electronic governance” are considered. Based on the results of the review, two approaches to the definition of this concept were identified: narrow and broad. It is noted that the authors of the narrow approach emphasize the possibility of an alternative way of providing public services in electronic form. They suggest that e-government can be synonymous with digital administration, online administration or, in a certain context, transformational administration, which focuses on the use of Internet technologies as a platform for exchanging information, providing services and interacting with citizens, businesses, etc. In a broad approach, the idea of e-government is to interact with citizens and businesses through the Internet and other information systems.The main elements of the interaction of electronic governance with the state and society, the state and representatives of business, and authorities are defined. It is indicated that e-governance is considered not only as a way of increasing the efficiency of public management and administration, but also as the main element of a new model of democracy in the information society.Attention was drawn to the fact that the transition to electronic governance means reforming all forms of activity of state administration bodies, changing their structure, tasks and functions. The success of this transition depends on the correctly chosen strategy and tactics, coordination and effective interaction of all subjects of this process, namely: legislative, executive and judicial branches of government, business and society.It is proposed to make changes to the legal definition of the concept of “e-government” set out in the Concept of the Development of Electronic Government in Ukraine No. 649 dated September 20, 2017 and to replace the phrase “state administration” with the term “public administration”.

The Analysis of Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes as Through Silicon Via by Equivalent Circuit Model at Different Operating Temperatures in Multilayers Stacking Scheme

In nowadays 3-D integrated circuits (3DICs) technology, through silicon via (TSV) is the most important component, which connects homogeneous or heterogeneous dies vertically with each other. Based on our previous research, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been considered as TSV filling materials due to their outstanding mechanical and electrical properties. However, the operating temperatures would significantly affect the performance of signal transmission in CNT TSV. To evaluate the electrical characteristics of CNT TSV with different realistic temperatures, the considerations of temperature-dependent electron mean free path (MFP, <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\uplambda \text{)}$</tex-math> </inline-formula> , and number of conducting channels of CNTs are necessary. In this work, the equivalent circuit model of CNTs as TSV is presented and the simulated electrical behaviors are benchmarked with other literatures. Based on our proposed model, multiwall (MW) CNTs’ electrical performance in multilayers stacking system under different operating temperatures is investigated. In addition, we also compare the electrical performance of CNTs as TSV with the conventional filling material (Cu). It shows that CNT TSV has more advantages than Cu TSV when the operating temperature becomes higher. In summary, the proposed equivalent circuit model in this work is more comprehensive and yields more realistic results. Meanwhile, CNT is a promising material for TSV under varying operation temperatures.

The Phenomenon of Cyber Bullying: Interpretation, Confrontation, and the Position of Islamic Law

This research dealt with the phenomenon of cyber bullying, indicating its causes and means of combating it, and the position of Islamic law towards it. However, its importance lies in the fact that it studies an extremely dangerous phenomenon that must be addressed, because of its devastating and dangerous effects that threaten society and its members. Moreover, it is necessary to reveal its causes and characteristics of its offenders, with the aim of developing policies that enable to confront it, in order to reach solutions to limit its spread, and help specialists and officials. in all fields to put those policies and solutions into practice.For this purpose, the researchers herein relied on the descriptive and analytical approaches.The research concluded a number of results, the most important of which are; Islamic law preceded the prohibition of bullying in all its forms, in order to protect the Muslim community from this phenomenon and its negative effects. Also, that the phenomenon of cyber bullying is one of the negative aspects of social networking sites. In addition, that the real motives driving cyber bullying behavior differ from one person to another, but in the end it reverts to the interaction of a group of internal and external factors. Based on these results, the researchers recommend the necessity of concerted efforts of the family, educational institutions and governments to address the phenomenon of cyber bullying, develop preventive measures and remedial measures to combat it comprehensively, and work to publish good media content that promotes the values of equality, love and tolerance, and devotes the concept of constructive social communication and its development, and contributes to reducing the impact of cyber bullying on society. In addition to imposing effective censorship on electronic means of communication, especially social media, obliging those in charge of them to monitor their users, and banning the accounts of those who re-practice cyber bullying, after alerting them the first time. Finally, enacting the necessary laws to define cyber bullying behaviors, and imposing heavy penalties on its perpetrators.

Nursing actions in Primary Health Care to lesbian and bisexual women

Objective: to investigate the actions of nurses in regard to lesbian and bisexual women in the context of the National Policy for the Integral Health of Lesbians, Gays, Bisexuals, Cross-Dressers and Transgender Persons. Methods: qualitative study involving 25 nurses from the Family Health Strategy, contacted via electronic means. We applied a form containing sociodemographic data and an investigation of actions in primary health care, as well as a thematic content analysis. Results: we found there are professional capacitation activities, embracing of demands, and enhanced interprofessional work. Nonetheless, there were shortcomings in the knowledge regarding health care towards lesbian and bisexual women. Conclusion: there are still prejudices, difficulty to access, and little attendance of lesbian and bisexual women in health services, as well as a deficit in the support to health actions and lack of monitoring. Contributions to practice: the importance of the scientific, professional, and social experiences stand out, regarding the need to humanize the care to lesbian and bisexual women. It is a supporting material for researchers and nursing professionals, enabling them to direct their care to a holistic and integral care to be provided to these women, in addition to being an encouragement to further comparative studies.

Legality of Electronic Evidence in Criminal Evidence

With the great and accelerated development witnessed by various aspects of life, and the use of technological techniques in all areas of work from the use of computers and the Internet, the crime is no longer committed in its traditional form, but has gone beyond the use of the information network using computers and information systems as a tool in committing the crime, which necessitated the provision of legal protection and the creation of a punitive system for the perpetrator of computer crimes and the information network that accompanied the emergence, growth and development of computer systems and networks and the information technology revolution because of its many risks and Great losses to institutions and individuals as they target the attack on data and information that affect the private lives of individuals, as well as threatening national security and national sovereignty. The study found that there is a clear deficiency in many arab substantive and procedural criminal legislations in confronting the phenomenon of crimes that occur by electronic means or on these means, for the seriousness of this crime recommended this study need for Arab legislation to speed up the pace of amending its punitive laws in order to keep pace with the revolution in remote communications, so that there is no separation between reality and law in a way that harms society and its individuals.