Electron Mean Research Articles

Identifying the regularities of the signal detection method using the Kalman filter

Currently, it is more efficient to use LEO small spacecraft as radio control points to determine the compliance of the radiation parameters of electronic means with the relevant norms and conditions of permits for the use of the radio frequency spectrum. Such satellite radio monitoring systems make it possible to determine the parameters of signals and the location of radio-electronic means over a large area with a diverse terrain, which will increase the efficiency of radio monitoring systems. When performing such tasks, one of the most important parameters is the detection and isolation of a useful signal against the background of noise and interference. For such purposes, it is effective to use Kalman filters. It was found that the Kalman filter can detect and isolate useful signals against the background of noise and interference with very high accuracy. However, when solving such problems, problems arise related to the stability of the method to the choice of the initial state of the filter and the inevitable distortion of the frequency of the desired signal due to the presence of the Doppler effect. In the course of this study, it was found that the similarity coefficient depends on the noise level, but it does not actually depend on frequency distortion. It was also found that when the SNR ratio is greater than 0 dB, the radio signal at the input of the on-board measuring receiver will be received with a reliability of more than 90 %. Therefore, it can be concluded that the signal detection method for satellite radio monitoring based on the use of the Kalman filter is resistant to possible frequency distortions of the desired signal due to the Doppler effect and does not affect the correctness and speed of decisions made

Motion Sickness Susceptibility Among Malaysians When Travelling in a Moving Vehicle

Motion sickness is a common problem when travelling in a moving vehicle, especially on land transportation. This occurrence would signify when users are exposed to unexpected movement in an obstructed view. Each user can experience a different level of motion sickness, depending on their susceptibility. This paper aims to study the motion sickness susceptibility among Malaysians using Motion Sickness Susceptibility Questionnaires (MSSQ-Short). A total of 252 Malaysians (146 males and 106 females) completed a set of questionnaires. The questionnaire was distributed through electronic means such as Facebook, WhatsApp, Twitter, and email and consisted of demographic, MSSQ-Short, travel experience as a driver and passenger, and seating position. This study provides a correlation between experiencing motion sickness between childhood and adulthood (r = 0.124, p < 0.05) for the Malaysian sample. This study concludes that Malaysian susceptibility is higher compared to other countries.

The protection of critical infrastructure facilities from air strikes due to compatible use of various forces and means

The relevance of the study is emphasised by the need to investigate and develop effective strategies for protecting critical state infrastructure in the context of the Russian-Ukrainian war of 2022. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of interaction between the means of physical and electronic influence in the context of protecting critical infrastructure facilities of the energy sector from air strikes. The object of research is the system of protection of critical facilities of the state’s energy sector. Research methods included the use of system analysis, the development of strategies for determining the optimal locations of the means of physical influence, and the use of mathematical modelling. Research in the field of interaction and simultaneous use of physical and radio-electronic means included a theoretical analysis of abstract objects and their relationships. These objects were designed to create an idealised description and investigate possible scenarios, as well as to determine optimal actions in specific situations. This study examined in detail the possibilities of improving the effectiveness of protecting important energy facilities from air strikes through the use of combined strategies such as anti-aircraft fire and fire protection. Methods for determining the optimal locations of the means of physical influence were analysed, which allowed predicting expected results when using them together. It was developed evidence-based recommendations for the effective integration of these methods, which is an innovative approach to the problem. The means of physical influence included small arms, which were part of the armament of the Armed Forces, and interceptor drones. Electronic means of influence included technical means of radio frequency warfare and electromagnetic guns. The practical significance of this study lies in the fact that it presents specific strategies and technological solutions for comprehensive protection of critical infrastructure facilities from air strikes. This paper can serve as a basis for developing effective security and protection policies in countries and regions, helping to improve overall sustainability and security

Uzaktan Pasif Öğrenme ile Dağıtılmış Etkileşimli Aktif Öğrenmenin Metotlarının Karşılaştırılması

In the new educational modeling applied today, there are different learning styles and tools. There are three main learning styles that are the most well-known. These are learning by living, learning by teamwork and learning by guide. However, with the development of new technologies, new learning processes have also begun. New technologies are called electronic means by which information is processed numerically. Examples of these processes are the presentation, storage, transfer, production, transportation and transformation of numerical information. Computers and the Internet are used for the transport and processing of information, disks and CD-ROMs are used for storage and research. Digital video and audio are an environment in which information is presented in a different and flexible way. The new media flexibly processes information in a symbolic way. Thanks to this function, the behavior of a system can be expressed graphically, textually or numerically. By making such a model interactive, it is possible for the user to change the values in the model and the behavior of the system. Computers are now becoming important elements in many educational environments. A few years ago, it was the opinion that installing any computer in a school would solve many educational problems. However, both teachers and students question the role of information technologies in education. Even if writing is used for situations such as information searching and browsing, chatting, whether these tools really improve students' learning remains an unanswered question Decently. Key Words: New Learning, Remote Passive Learning, Distributed Interactive Active Learning

Development and evaluation of grit iron scale-MgO heavy density concrete for moderate-temperature radiation shielding

This research focuses on the development and evaluation of heavy-density concrete containing Magnesium oxide and grit scale iron aggregate as potential radiation shielding material for water cooled reactors operating at temperatures between 28 °C and 300 °C. Concrete samples were prepared using varying proportions of grit iron scale aggregate (25 %, 50 %, 75 % and 100 %) along with a reference sample of normal weight concrete without grit iron scale. Various physical properties and characteristics such as fresh density, hardened density, compressive strength, X-ray radiography, Rebound hammer, Ultrasonic pulse velocity, Scanning electron microscopy, attenuation coefficients, half-value layer, tenth-value layers and mean free path of the concrete samples were investigated before and after exposure to various temperatures. The findings revealed a substantial enhancement in the radiation shielding effectiveness and overall concrete properties when grit iron scale was incorporated in combination with MgO, compared to the concrete samples without MgO.

Taxation Potency on Human Capital Development: Verdict from Panel Fixed Effect Model

This study examined taxation impact on human capital development in North Central States in Nigeria. The data emanated from the state boards of internal revenue, office of Accountants general, state planning commission of the selected states in North Central Nigeria and the National Bureau of Statistics' document from 2010 to 2020. The selected states are Kwara, Niger, Kogi, Benue, Nasarawa and Plateau states. The study used econometric model to examine how taxes affect growth of human capital development. The numerical estimate of the co-efficient in various equations was obtained using panel data analysis through pooled regression, fixed model, random effect model and Hausman test. The findings showed that personal income tax and value added tax have positive and significant effect on human capital development. Road tax has positive and insignificant effect on human capital development. More so, external loan has positive and significant effect on human capital development in North central states Nigeria. It is concluded that taxation significantly impacted human capital development in north central states, Nigeria. It is recommended that taxation funds should be fully channeled by government into development of human capital properly, and meticulously utilized and managed efficiently to absolutely attain and improve human capital in North central states, Nigeria. Also, government should involve the usage of electronic means for collection of taxes from road users in order to track or drive all the road users into tax net, and to reduce or eradicate road tax evaders so as to enhance revenue drive.

Using Professionally-Oriented Electronic Educational Resources to Enhance Foreign Language Competence of Future Border Guard Officers

Nowadays, in the context of the restrictions imposed by pandemic and war initiated by Russian federation, it became indispensable to make adjustments to the educational process and use relevant methods to teach future border guard officers of Ukraine foreign languages in order to maximize the efficiency of the educational process at the higher military educational institution. The results of the analysis of practical experience, as well as taking into account the best international practices for training security and defense sector officers, made it possible to determine the optimal electronic educational technologies that can be used for foreign language training of future officers in the context of a various restriction to the educational process. To test the effectiveness of integrating electronic educational resources into the training of future officers, four training groups of the National Academy of the State Border Guard Service were involved, who studied at the same course in the specialty "State Border Security" and "Telecommunications and Radio Engineering". Professional training in the experimental group was carried out with the maximum possible application of electronic educational resources. The effectiveness of integrating professionally-oriented training programs with interface in English, as well as specifically designed ESP distance learning course into the system of professional training of future officers has been proved in practice. This was confirmed by the results of diagnostics of academic achievements of cadets who used electronic means for professional English language training. Although, it is recommended to adhering to a certain ratio of the share of classes using electronic educational resources and practical contact classes.

Report of the Registration Committee

AbstractThe Registration Committee was established at the Nomenclature Section of the XIX International Botanical Congress (IBC) in Shenzhen, China in 2017. It followed the previous Special Committee on Registration of Algal and Plant Names (including fossils). A clear majority of Registration Committee members support having named taxa associated with a unique universal digital identifier in order to secure and facilitate the exchange of information by electronic means. However, discussions within the Committee showed that mandatory referencing of a unique universal digital identifier was not a solution. The Committee recommends that authors provide nomenclatural repositories with a reference to an actual and current publication for indexing purposes, or to register voluntarily.

Communication in Emergency Situations – the Covid 19 Pandemic in Foster Families. Organization and Principles of Operation

The article contains the results of research on the organization and course of communication (contacts) in emergency situations, e.g., the COVID 19 pandemic (border closure, quarantine, social distance, epidemiological supervision). The conducted research concerned the contact of children in foster families in emergency situations with their natural parents with the use of electronic communication, which has been standardized by Polish law. The diversified involvement of natural parents in contacts as well as the low use of electronic communication means for contacts was indicated. The obtained research results make it possible to recommend the use of children in foster families in emergency situations with natural parents from electronic communication means in emergency situations, such as pandemics, epidemics, long-term separation in the vast majority of cases. Such solutions should be legally established as alternatives. The conducted research and analysis of results supplement the knowledge in the field of communication, education and organizational solutions for communication in emergency situations. The author, analyzing the common phenomenon of the effectiveness of contacts between natural parents and children staying in foster families in emergency situations, analyzed the involvement of the natural family and foster family from the perspective of emergency situations and the possibilities offered by electronic communication means.

Kriminalisasi dan Reformulasi Perbuatan Prostitusi dalam Hukum Pidana: Catatan Kritis atas Minimnya Pengaturan Perbuatan Prostitusi Di Indonesia

The practice of prostitution, which grew rapidly and massively through electronic means of information dissemination, impacted various groups. The worst impact of the massive practice of prostitution was the spread of sexually transmitted diseases, which adversely affect the health of both individuals directly involved in prostitution and those whose partners engage in such activities. This study aims to find out the regulation of prostitution within the current Indonesian criminal law and to provide an overview for legislators in the formation of prostitution regulations in the future. Furthermore, it needs to elucidate the reasons behind the necessity of regulating prostitution in Indonesia. The research method employed was legal research of a normative type. This research using secondary data obtained through library research and studies of laws and regulations. The analytical method used in this study was a prescriptive analytical technique. The results of this study revealed that currently there were no regulations governing the practice of prostitution in Indonesia rigidly and clearly. Therefore, it is necessary to criminalize and reformulate the offense of prostitution in Indonesian Criminal Law to avoid the effects arising from the act of prostitution that cause potential victims due to the spread of sexually transmitted diseases.

Measuring the Level of Satisfaction of Bachelor of Accounting Students with Distance Education in Light of the Corona Pandemic: A Field Study

This research aimed at postgraduate studies at King Abdulaziz University, male and female students at the education stage at King Abdulaziz University, and the Bachelor of Accounting program is one of the programs offered in attendance, and the university had to transfer it to study online According to the Corona pandemic, so the continuum development and the quality of the educational process requires the knowledge of the service recipients from the students who represents the department.In ways to achieve the objectives of the research from the theoretical or field side, this study relied in its procedures on the descriptive analytical approach, which depends on collecting data from the study sample consisting of (40) undergraduate students at King Abdulaziz University in the Faculty of Economics and Administration in the Accounting Department using a questionnaire. Prepared for the purposes of this study, and also studying and analyzing the responses of male and female students, and the questionnaire included six axes to determine the level of satisfaction of the students of the Accounting Department with regard to distance education.Through the study, the researcher reached a set of results that are summarized with regard to the application of the study tool (the questionnaire) by analyzing its paragraphs, with the aim of identifying the level of satisfaction of Bachelor of Accounting students about distance education at the time of the Corona pandemic, and coming up with recommendations to be implemented, and it is clear from Analysis The (Facronbach) stability coefficients for the study axes in the exploratory sample are high, which confirms the validity of the scale for application and the possibility of reliability and reliability of its results, and the study of the validity of the internal consistency through the correlation coefficients between each phrase and its total axis is strong and direct as well as statistically significant, which achieves the validity of the questionnaire. The results also showed that their satisfaction with the services related to distance education is high, which confirms their approval of the e-education services, as well as the level of their satisfaction with the electronic scientific contents and the effectiveness of the teaching aids is high, which confirms their approval of the electronic educational content and electronic educational means that are provided, and this is evident from Their satisfaction with their interaction with e-learning, which contributes to increasing work and development in raising the e-learning process provided to them. Their satisfaction with the existence of a home digital learning environment is satisfactory for the students, and this confirms the role of the family in the e-learning process in terms of providing all the prepared ways to assist students in raising their educational attainment.

Electronic form of transactions: Issues of legal regulation

This paper analyzes the form of transactions made with the use of electronic and other technical means (electronic form). The research aims to determine the essential features and develop an optimal model of regulation of electronic transactions form, considering foreign experience, theoretical advances, and judicial practice. The relevance of the study is explained by the increasing number of e-transactions which require adequate legal regulation and law enforcement practice. The author consecutively describes internationally recognized regulatory principles of electronic transactions form (non-discrimination, technological neutrality, functional equivalence) and their implementation in Russian and foreign law. In addition, the author analyzes the issue of the correlation between the written and electronic forms, considers and rejects arguments in favor of singling out electronic methods of will formation as an independent (sui generis) form of transactions. Considering the current Russian judicial practice and foreign experience, the study determines the criteria and methods of reliable determination of a person effecting an electronic transaction. On the grounds of dogmatic and political arguments, the overly formalistic idea that the use of a qualified electronic signature is the only way of such identification is rejected. The author also formulates an optimal interpretation of the Russian Civil Code requirement on the reproducibility of the electronic transaction content on a tangible medium unchanged. Based on the results of the study, practical recommendations are described to help judges make fair and reasoned decisions in specific situations interpreting the provisions of the Russian Civil Code on the electronic form of transactions.

Structural characteristics and microwave properties of amorphous nanogranulated composites (Co41Fe39B20)x(SiO2)1-x

We presented results of experimental studies of the structure and microwave reflective, transmitting, and absorbing properties in the frequency ranges of 8–12 GHz and 25–36 GHz of amorphous nanogranular composites (Co41Fe39B20)x(SiO2)1−x, 32.79<x < 52.00 at. %) with a thickness of 1.60–2.54 μm deposited on a lavsan base with a thickness of about 20 μm. The spectra of the reflection and transmission coefficients as a function of frequency and the dependences of the reflection, transmission and absorption coefficients on the content of the ferromagnetic filler were obtained. Using the algorithm for calculating structural and conductive characteristics of amorphous nanogranular composites from the measured values of the microwave reflection coefficient, the conductivity of granules and the mean free path of electrons were estimated using the mechanisms of closed and open circuits of the model of intragranular currents. We showed that the electron mean free path corresponded to the gaps between the granules of the studied composites with weakly expressed conducting properties.

Vaping lung damage (review)

The review presents data from meta-analyses and original studies on the study of the vapers disease electronic cigarette or vaping product use-associated lung injury (EVALI) a new nosological form in patients with acute and subacute respiratory diseases caused by the consumption of electronic nicotine delivery vehicles, or vaping. The number of users are growing in around the world, especially among young people. According to a 2022 meta-analysis, the global prevalence of vaping use was 23%, including 16% in women and 22% in men. Prevalence of electronic nicotine delivery systems among cigarette smokers reached 43%, while on different continents, except for Asia, during the life it was approximately the same: in America 24%, Europe 26%, Asia 16%, Oceania 25%. Vaping rates among children aged 15 to 17 are almost four times (21.3%) higher than those aged 1214 (5.4%). Two-thirds (66.1%) of children aged 12 to 17 using electronic nicotine delivery devices were also smokers, while they started with vapes. Nicotine cartridges used by 89.3% of teen vapers aged 15 to 19 years. Vaping lung diseases have been reported since invention e-cigarettes, but the number of cases increased sharply at the end of September 2019, and by February In 2020, the number of hospitalized patients in the United States reached 2807, with 68 confirmed deaths. Most of the cases are male adolescents and men aged 1334 years. The review discusses the etiology, clinical picture, imaging findings, pathological EVALI features. When examining patients with EVALI, computed tomography revealed images characteristic of acute lung injury and pneumonia, as well as those resembling non-fibrous hypersensitivity pneumonitis, acute eosinophilic pneumonia. The article discusses the main differences between these diseases and the computed tomography picture of COVID-19. Before EVALI, vaping was associated with a wide range of pulmonary manifestations, including lipoid pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome and diffuse alveolar hemorrhage. Although the overall prevalence of EVALI has declined sharply compared to with a peak in September 2019, other chemicals may appear that cause various pulmonary diseases associated with vaping. EVALI is a new nosological form in patients with acute and subacute respiratory diseases caused by lung damage due to the use of electronic means delivery of nicotine. The appearance of radiographic images in EVALI is diverse: from bilateral opacities in the lungs to reveal centrilobular nodules resembling non-fibrous hypersensitivity pneumonitis. When interpreting acute lung injury in young people, the possibility of EVALI should be considered.

Cashless Society and Central Bank Digital Currencies: Tax Aspects and Taxpayer Protection

This study addresses the developments surrounding the emergence of societal models where the relevance of traditional means of payment, namely cash, is reduced or outright eliminated and the adoption of payment instruments relying on digital technology platforms is encouraged, the so-called “cashless society”. The path towards a cashless society implies the elimination of cash and its replacement with electronic means of payment and, in the long run, with central bank digital currencies. Questions about the effects of these developments for tax purposes have been, to date, relatively neglected. In this study, the authors will then focus on: (i) the risks for the protection of fundamental rights; (ii) the impact of the cashless society with respect to monetary policies in light of certain tax spillover effects; and (iii) the effect of this evolution toward a fully-fledged cashless society on the structure of the tax system.

Chemical and topological disordering in M23C6 due to irradiation: An atomic-scale observation

To clarify the stability of M23C6 precipitate in steels under irradiation, the chemical and topological disordering behaviors in M23C6 subjected to ion irradiation at elevated temperatures were investigated with the combined application of high-resolution electron microscopy (HREM) and electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS). Results show that the duplex structured M23C6 which is the core-crystalline and shell-amorphous was observed in the specimen irradiated at 623 K, nevertheless, no amorphous phase was observed in the specimen irradiated at 673 K. HREM observation confirmed the occurrence of the chemical disordering in irradiated M23C6, and the disordering of W atoms in the M23C6 unit cell was clarified by the peak intensity profile of the atomic column from the HREM image. EELS analyses indicate that no obvious chemical shift was observed by the core-loss spectrum, however, the change in the electron mean free path (λ) due to irradiation was confirmed by the low-loss spectrum, which is related to the formation of both irradiation defects and amorphous phase. It is proposed that the decreased material density upon irradiation is ascribed to the formation of W-vacancy-dominated defect clusters. An obvious change in interatomic distance was not observed in the irradiated M23C6 based on the radical distribution function analysis by extended energy-loss fine structure spectrum. However, the peak intensity decreased by irradiation, confirming the occurrence of chemical and topological disordering, regardless of the carbide being crystalline or amorphous.

Cyber Bullying

Cyber bullying or cyber harassment is a form of bullying or harassment using electronic means. Cyber bullying and cyber harassment are also known as online bullying. It has become increasingly common, especially among teenagers and adolescents, due to the communication technology advancements and young people's increased use of such technologies. Cyber bullying is when someone, typically a teenager, bullies or harasses others on the internet and other digital spaces, particularly on social media sites.

Resistivity size effect in epitaxial VNi2 layers

Epitaxial VNi2 layers are deposited onto MgO(001) and their resistivity ρ measured as a function of layer thickness d = 10.5–138 nm to quantify the resistivity size effect. The layers exhibit resistivity minima at both stoichiometric V:Ni = 1:2 composition and 700 °C growth temperature, which is attributed to electron scattering at V–Ni antisite defects and is described using the ordering parameter within the framework by Rossiter. A cube-on-cube epitaxy of the fcc parent structure on MgO(001) leads to two possible layer orientations for orthorhombic VNi2(010) and VNi2(103), resulting in considerable atomic disorder at domain boundaries, consistent with relatively small x-ray coherence lengths of 8 and 14 nm in-plane and along the growth direction of a 33.5 nm thick layer. In situ ρ vs d measurements yield a bulk resistivity of ρo = 46 ± 2 μ Ω cm and a benchmark quantity of ρoλ = (138 ± 5) × 10−16 Ω m2, where λ is the bulk electron mean free path. Air exposure causes a minor resistivity increase due to 2 ± 1 nm thick surface oxide that perturbs the surface potential. Resistivities at 77 K are Δρ = 16 ± 3 μ Ω cm below those at room temperature. This Δρ is thickness independent and is close to the previously predicted 13.9 μ Ω cm bulk resistivity for VNi2 along [100]. However, the measured bulk resistivity is well above this prediction, which is attributed to electron scattering at domain boundaries/atomic disorder. Consequently, the theoretically predicted superior directional conduction cannot be experimentally confirmed in this study. The overall results indicate that VNi2 is only a promising compound for narrow interconnects if a synthesis scheme can be developed that results in a strong atomic order, a negligible domain boundary density, and a [100] crystalline orientation along the transport direction.

The use of e-consent in surgery and application to neurosurgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis

IntroductionThe integration of novel electronic informed consent platforms in healthcare has undergone significant growth over the last decade. Adoption of uniform, accessible, and robust electronic online consenting applications is likely to enhance the informed consent process and improve the patient experience and has the potential to reduce medico-legal ramifications of inadequate consent. A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the utility of novel electronic means of informed consent in surgical patients and discuss its application to neurosurgical cohorts.MethodsA review of randomised controlled trials, non-randomised studies of health interventions, and single group pre-post design studies in accordance with the PRISMA statement. Random effects modelling was used to estimate pooled proportions of study outcomes. Patient satisfaction with the informed consent process and patients’ gain in knowledge were compared for electronic technologies versus non-electronic instruments. A sub-group analysis was conducted to compare the utility of electronic technologies in neurosurgical cohorts relative to other surgical patients in the context of patient satisfaction and knowledge gain.ResultsOf 1042 screened abstracts, 63 studies were included: 44 randomised controlled trials (n = 4985), 4 non-randomised studies of health interventions (n = 387), and 15 single group pre-post design studies (n = 872). Meta-analysis showed that electronic technologies significantly enhanced patient satisfaction with the informed consent process (P < 0.00001) and patients’ gain in knowledge (P < 0.00001) compared to standard non-electronic practices. Sub-group analysis demonstrated that neurosurgical patient knowledge was significantly enhanced with electronic technologies when compared to other surgical patients (P = 0.009), but there was no difference in patient satisfaction between neurosurgical cohorts and other surgical patients with respect to electronic technologies (P = 0.78).ConclusionsNovel electronic technologies can enhance patient satisfaction and increase patients’ gain in knowledge of their surgical procedures. Electronic patient education tools can significantly enhance patient knowledge for neurosurgical patients. If used appropriately, these modalities can shorten and/or improve the consent discussion, streamlining the surgical process and improving satisfaction for neurosurgical patients.

Time-dependent density-functional-theory calculations of the nonlocal electron stopping range for inertial confinement fusion applications.

Nonlocal electron transport is important for understanding laser-target coupling for laser-direct-drive (LDD) inertial confinement fusion (ICF) simulations. Current models for the nonlocal electron mean free path in radiation-hydrodynamic codes are based on plasma-physics models developed decades ago; improvements are needed to accurately predict the electron conduction in LDD simulations of ICF target implosions. We utilized time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) to calculate the electron stopping power (SP) in the so-called conduction-zone plasmas of polystyrene in a wide range of densities and temperatures relevant to LDD. Compared with the modified Lee-More model, the TD-DFT calculations indicated a lower SP and a higher stopping range for nonlocal electrons. We fit these electron SP calculations to obtain a global analytical model for the electron stopping range as a function of plasma conditions and the nonlocal electron kinetic energy. This model was implemented in the one-dimensional radiation-hydrodynamic code lilac to perform simulations of LDD ICF implosions, which are further compared with simulations by the standard modified Lee-More model. Results from these integrated simulations are discussed in terms of the implications of this TD-DFT-based mean-free-path model to ICF simulations.