Electron Mean Research Articles

Surface sulfurization of liner and ruthenium metallization to reduce interface scattering for Low-Resistance interconnect

Ruthenium with a low resistivity, high melting temperature and short electron mean free path has been considered to replace copper as the next-generation interconnect metallization. However, its ascending resistivity with linewidth scaling because of the diffuse scattering of electrons at the interface with dielectrics or liners is a concern. Thus, in this study, sulfurization was applied on the surface of titanium-tantalum nitride and ruthenium films to form an ultrathin sulfide layer to reduce interface scattering. The microstructure, chemical composition, bonding configuration, and stability of the layer were characterized, and the resistivity scaling of the ruthenium films was examined. Microscopic observations suggested a crystalline TiTaSx layer formed on the titanium-tantalum nitride films while RuS2 formed on the ruthenium films, both of which changed the binding state/energy of the metals. With the surface sulfurization, the interface scattering of electrons for the ruthenium films was effectively reduced to elevate the specularity parameter from 0.2 to 0.9 and lessen the resistivity scaling for at least 40 % at a thickness of below 10 nm, without a marked loss of interfacial adhesion. However, an increase in contact resistance of molybdenum to the surface-sulfurized ruthenium films needs to be considered.

KEPASTIAN HUKUM DALAM PENERAPAN PLATFORM E-VOTING PADA RAPAT UMUM PEMEGANG SAHAM (RUPS) PERSEROAN TERBATAS YANG DILAKSANAKAN MELALUI TELEKONFERENSI.

Limited Liability Companies that have implemented the use of teleconferencing in the GMS decision making mechanism. Apart from being able to be held via teleconference media directly, GMS participants can also use the e-RUPS platform for decision making, both those who attend physically and those who attend using the teleconference media. The implementation of the use of the e-GMS platform in GMS, especially in Closed PTs, whether all GMS participants can attend it physically or there are GMS participants who attend via teleconferencing media is interesting to research because it is in Article 77 of the PT UUPT. The method used in this research is normative juridical legal research, which was carried out as an effort to obtain the necessary data regarding the problem. The data used is primary data as supporting legal material for secondary data. Data analysis was carried out using qualitative analysis methods. From the results of the research, the implementation of a teleconference GMS (zoom meeting) via electronic means still requires prior summons to Shareholders by registered letter. The summons is made no later than 14 (fourteen) days before the date the GMS is held and the teleconference GMS remains valid in the form of a deed of reassurance but must comply with The legal requirements for a GMS in a closed PT can be carried out as long as each meeting procedure and mechanism can be legally accounted for by holding the GMS via Zoom Meeting. The suggestion is to immediately create a media platform for the implementation of Teleconferencing/Video Conference GMS intended for closed Limited Liability Companies as per the Platform issued by the Indonesian Central Securities Depository for Public Limited Liability Company GMS, implementation through a certain system using a digital system must have a sustainable mechanism. to maintain novelty, clarity and responsibility. Immediately the Ministry of Law and Human Rights together with the DPR and related parties will make regulations regarding procedures for holding GMS by Teleconference/Video conference for Closed Limited Liability Companies so that legal certainty is guaranteed for the parties, and create a media platform for holding GMS that meets special standards for GMS

Assessment of Covid 19 Pandemic and its Effect on the Foreign Mission Work of the Nigerian Baptist Convention

COVID-19 pandemic that began initially like a pneumonia outbreak in Wuhan, China, later resulted in unprecedented global disruption. This pandemic has affected every facet of human life including religious life. Christian missions, which was experiencing a major shift in missionary sending direction from the global West and North to the reversed global South and East, was also not spared by this pandemic. This study examined the effects of COVID-19 pandemic on the mission work of the Nigerian Baptist Convention in the United Kingdom. The study adopted a descriptive survey design method and purposive random sampling technique to select the respondents. The information and data were gathered through structured questionnaires and interview guides, using electronic means, from members and leaders of the Nigerian Baptist Convention in the United Kingdom. Interviews were conducted among the selected leaders and policy makers in the United Kingdom and Nigeria. The findings revealed that COVID-19 brought about disruptions of conventional missionary and worship methods in the United Kingdom. The study recommends that the Nigerian Baptist Convention does a rework of strategic mission agenda and approaches that can adapt well to the new normal brought by COVID-19 pandemic across the world.

The Digital as Sacred Space: Exploring the Online Religious Dimension.

In the current context where digitization permeates all aspects of everyday life, the religious world is not immune to the influences associated with technological aspects. In recent years, a space has emerged on the internet where a collective faith is recognized, even through electronic means, bringing together individuals into a community that takes on the characteristics of a sacred place. This raises new questions about the concept of sacredness itself in relation to digitization, as this process has opened up the possibility of new forms of communicating the sacred through electronic means, transforming the very concept of the sacred into a digital dimension. The use of virtual environments or digital tools to spread a religious message has given space to creative figures who experiment with innovative language within the religious traditions. In this scenario, research has emerged aimed at understanding the multiple aspects and meanings of this new sacred experience. The objective is to analyze how these religious traditions adapt to and appropriate the digital dimension, exploring the dynamics of interaction between the sacred and the digital, as well as the theological, cultural, and social implications that arise from it. Through the exploration of these themes, this article aims to explain how digitization has redefined traditional concepts such as sacred place and how religious practice has evolved in the digital age. The goal is to offer a perspective on the transformation of the sacred in the digital context, exploring tensions between tradition and innovation, authenticity and fragmentation, participation, and distance in the contemporary religious sphere. This article aims to provide an understanding of how the digital has redefined the concept of sacredness, opening new horizons and challenges for religion in this new era.

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The purpose of the article is to assess the capabilities of mobile electronic intelligence means of the tactical link of the sector of security and defence forces of Ukraine, to develop recommendations on the prospects for their development, to analyse the use of electronic intelligence systems and means of the russian federation army during the so-called "Special Military Operation" against Ukraine. The capabilities of means of radio-electronic intelligence in service with the Armed Forces of Ukraine and the National Guard of Ukraine are presented. A comparative analysis of the tactical and technical characteristics of Ukrainian and foreign-made equipment is carried out, as well as a brief analysis of the radio-electronic warfare equipment of the aggressor country and the results of their use. On the basis of the analysis, recommendations are made on the prospects for the use and development of electronic intelligence means of the tactical link of the forces of the security and defence sector of Ukraine.

Research on the problem of electronic data forensics of the crime of assisting in the commission of fraudulent activities through electronic means

Research on the problem of electronic data forensics of the crime of assisting in the commission of fraudulent activities through electronic means

Appraisal of Boko Haram Insurgency and Human Rights Violations by the Joint Task Force (JTF) in North-East Nigeria.

Human rights are the foundation of human existence. One of the greatest objective of the post-independence Nigerian Constitution is the protection of human rights. The 1999 Constitution (as amended), set the tone by dedicating itself to promote good governance and welfare of all persons on the principles of freedom, equality and justice. Despite the fortification of human rights by the 1999 Constitution and the International and regional instruments, Nigeria still faces widespread of human rights violations, particularly by the JTF in the North-East Nigeria, which ranged from extra-judicial killings, torture and forms of ill-treatment, enforced disappearance, rape and unlawful detention. The aim of the paper, is to examine the extent to which the JTF engaged in human rights violations. To achieve this, the paper adopted doctrinal methodology otherwise known as theoretical method consisting of consultation od statutory legislation, case laws, books, journal conference papers, magazine as well as internet materials both in printed form and electronic means. The findings revealed that the JTF engaged in serious human rights violations of the citizens. The paper recommends that the investigative penal report constituted by government to investigate and identify perpetrates of human rights violations among the JTF be made public and the perpetrates be brought to face justice.

The mediating role of customer attitudes in the linkage between e-commerce and the digital economy

<abstract> <p>Recently, TechCrunch, a digital economy news site, noted that "Uber, the world's largest taxi company, owns no vehicles. Facebook, the world's most popular media owner, creates no content. Alibaba, the most valuable retailer, has no inventory. And Airbnb, the world's largest accommodation provider, owns no real estate, something interesting is happening." All these companies are involved in e-commerce business, namely the process of buying and selling products by electronic means, such as mobile applications and the Internet. In light of this, this study aimed to examine the relationship between e-commerce and digital economy, with a particular focus on the mediating role of customers' attitudes. To achieve this objective, the study employed a mixed research approach and adopted an explanatory research design. The target population consisted of all customers who are potential e-commerce users. Convenience sampling techniques were employed to collect data from respondents. The findings of the study revealed a positive and significant relationship between e-commerce and the digital economy, both in terms of direct and indirect effects. Additionally, the study identified the partial mediating role of customer attitudes in this relationship. Based on these findings, the study recommends that e-commerce companies should explore the potential of social networking media platforms such as Facebook and Instagram to further enhance overall e-commerce usage among customers. This strategic approach can complement their existing platforms and contribute to their growth and success in the digital economy.</p> </abstract>

Physics-informed neural networks based on source term decoupled and its application in discharge plasma simulation

In recent years, the artificial intelligence computing paradigm represented by physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) has received great attention in the field of plasma numerical simulation. However, the plasma chemical system considered in related research is relatively simplified, and the research on solving the more complex multi-particle low-temperature fluid model based on PINNs is still blank. In more complex chemical systems, the coupling relationship between particle densities and between particle densities and mean electron energy become more intricate. Therefore, the applicability of PINNs in dealing with sophisticated reaction systems needs further exploring and improving. In this work, we propose a general PINN framework (source term decoupled PINNs, Std-PINNs) for solving multi-particle low-temperature plasma fluid model. By introducing equivalent positive ions and replacing each particle transport equation with the current continuity equation as a physical constraint, Std-PINN splits the entire solution process into the training processes of two neural networks, realizing the decoupling of the source term of the heavy particle transport equation from the electron density and mean electron energy, which greatly reduces the complexity of neural network training. In this work, the application of Std-PINNs to solving multi-particle low-temperature plasma fluid models is demonstrated through two classic discharge cases with different complexity of reaction systems (low-pressure argon glow discharge and atmospheric-pressure helium glow discharge) and the performance of Std-PINN is compared with that of conventional PINN and finite element method (FEM). The results show that the training results output from the traditional PINN are completely incorrect due to the strong coupling correlation of each physical variable through the source terms of each particle transport equation, while the <i>L</i><sub>2</sub> relative error between Std-PINN and FEM results can reach up to ~10<sup>–2</sup> , thus verifying the feasibility of Std-PINN in simulating multi-particle plasma fluid model. Std-PINN expands the application of deep learning method to modeling complex physical systems and provides new ideas for conducting low-temperature plasma simulations. In addition, this study provides novel insights into the field of artificial intelligence scientific computing: the mathematical form that describes the state of a physical system is not unique. By introducing equivalent physical variables, equations suitable for neural network solutions can be derived and combined with observable data to simplify problems.

Evaluation of the parameters of the simulation model of microcontroller authenticators

Microcontroller technologies are the basis for intelligent devices, so cybersecurity issues are important when ensuring the exchange of information between them. As these devices form a variety of intelligent systems, authentication becomes a key aspect of cybersecurity. This process distinguishes between legitimate and illegitimate devices, allowing legitimate devices to access system resources and reject requests from illegitimate ones. Today there is a problem of choosing an authentication factor for a large number of electronic devices of the same type in the information system. The purpose of this study is to find out the possibility of a programmatic approach to simulating a "biometric" authentication template. To solve the goal, it is necessary to implement a simulator of templates with the properties of biometrics in a programming language, to evaluate the distribution of distances between pairs of templates, and to evaluate the parameters of the generated sequences from the point of view of brute force probability. In this study, a solution to the problem is proposed, which combines the ideas of the biometric factor and the possibilities of fast software generation of authenticators for microcontrollers. The work is devoted to the evaluation of the model parameters of the simulator of dynamic bit patterns of authentication based on the generator of pseudo-random impulse Poisson sequences. The work highlights the basic principles of the simulator's functioning and the advantages of using dynamic templates to ensure cyber security of electronic devices built on the basis of microcontrollers. Estimates of the main parameters of the simulator model were performed. The results of the work are important for the development of security of electronic systems and means of authentication in the context of cybersecurity of microcontrollers.

The Guidance of Nyakyusa Sayings in Building Consciousness Against AIDS

This article examines the guidance of sayings in building consciousness against AIDS in the Nyakyusa community in Tanzania. What has been investigated is the way sayings are used to guide the community about issues related to AIDS in the community. The target sampling method was used to find study areas and respondents. Three wards were selected in (Rungwe district in the Mbeya region, Tanzania. The respondents were found in Kandete (Mwela village), Luteba (Isale village) and Mpombo (Lusanje village) wards. The sample of defendants was representative of all groups in the selected wards. A review of the documents used to clarify and verify the primary data were found through electronic and library means. The analysis and discussion of the data accessible was guided by Sociological theory. The investigated results were presented descriptively. The results show that sayings have a great role to guide the community through building consciousness against the AIDS virus. Therefore, the article concludes that it is the responsibility of every member of a specific society to be well-informed about AIDS.

Философско-футурологический дискурс в контексте электронных технологий

The article examines the influence of electronic means of communication on the modern philosophical and futurological discourse. The concepts of the theories of «network» and «platform» capitalism, their problems and prospects are investigated. Modern urban spaces and telecommunications form a research field for anthropology and social philosophy. The author analyzes in detail the philosophical reflection of the intensity of ICT development by N. Land, who demonstrates a decaying, apocalyptic, inhuman view of the future development of society and technology. The article notes the close connection between the category of faith and the techno-capitalist system, which acts as a stimulator and regulator of economic relations, accelerating historical time. The mechanism of functioning of psychological symbols and their impact on cultural dynamics is studied. The purpose of this article is to analyze how information technologies contribute to the development of philosophical programs, building images of the future.

Digital Revolution and Democracy in Africa: Freedom of Expression Revitalized

The advent of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) has revolutionized the daily lives of Africans, particularly in the areas of governance and politics. The main objective is to show that ICTs have fostered freedom of expression in Africa. Explanatory and demonstrative methods have been used to show firstly that ICTs are socio-political transformers, secondly that ICTs have created the possibility of free expression in Africa, and thirdly that ICTs make democracy and good governance effective in Africa. In politics, ICTs have ushered in a new era of information liberalization, which in turn has led to effective freedom of expression on the African continent. However, it is important to control the use of these technologies if they are to be a lever for democracy and good governance. The political participation of Africans in the digital public sphere requires us to adopt a dynamic approach that accepts a concept that varies in time and space, depending on the means available to individuals at a given moment. The advent of the Internet has profoundly changed the way Africans act and, in a space of a few years, has become an important vector for communication and political action. The revolution brought about by the new electronic means of communication has made relations between members of the community much more fluid.

ЭВОЛЮЦИЯ ТЕХНИЧЕСКОГО СЕРВИСА В АГРОПРОМЫШЛЕННОМ КОМПЛЕКСЕ

In the agro-industrial complex, the transition to a market economy has significantly affected the structure of the engineering service, which has not been reorganized taking into account the modern technical way of life. (Research purpose) The research purpose is determining the main stages of the transition period of the engineering service of the agro-industrial complex, reflecting the real possibilities of its revival based on the use of intelligent technologies. (Materials and methods) Conducted an in-depth analysis of changes in the engineering service of the agro-industrial complex over the past 25-30 years, reflecting the system of maintaining a high level of efficiency of agricultural machinery, the introduction of intelligent technologies in the technical support of machinery, the modernization of the system of providing engineering and technical services to agricultural producers. (Results and discussion) Showed the need to restore the basic parameters of an effective engineering service of the agro-industrial complex. We have determined the feasibility of ensuring a high level of efficiency of the machine and tractor fleet by optimizing the technical service on market conditions of voluntary and mutually beneficial for the owners of the equipment and the service provider. The need for the formation of a new ideology for the development of technical services in the agro-industrial complex related to the introduction of innovative technologies in agriculture based on highly efficient agricultural machinery using electronic means of monitoring and managing the technical condition of machines based on digital technologies has been identified. (Conclusions) The analysis of the state of technical service in the agro-industrial complex over the past 25-30 years makes it possible to substantiate the need to modernize the engineering service with the maximum use of intensive and intelligent technologies in order to implement the food program of the Russian Federation. Import substitution of agricultural machinery and all components related to its technical support is one of the main tasks, the solution of which largely depends on the successful modernization of the engineering service of the agro-industrial complex as part of the creation of domestic technological equipment and technologies.

Comparative study on the effect of substrates on electrical properties of tin and chromium thin films

In thin film technology, substrate materials happen to be one of the deposition parameters that determine the physical properties of films. Hence, soda-lime glass and quartz continue to be the widely utilized substrate materials because of their high-frequency performance, price, and surface quality. For certain applications, various substrate materials that provide an acceptable compromise for the work at hand are required. Soda-lime glass and quartz have been chosen as the substrates for the tin and chromium thin films that will be produced via thermal evaporation in a vacuum. A comparative study on the electrical properties of chromium films was made in the light of Fuchs–Sondheimer and Mayadas–Shatzkes theories. Numerous physical properties, including resistivity of infinitely thick film, sticking coefficient, conduction electron mean free, etc., may be determined from resistivity-thickness data.

Seizure of other people's property in case of theft committed using electronic means of payment: features of qualification

Seizure of other people's property in case of theft committed using electronic means of payment: features of qualification

ЭЛЕКТРОННАЯ КОММЕРЦИЯ КАК ФАКТОР СТИМУЛИРОВАНИЯ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОГО РОСТА

E-commerce is an important aspect of the modern economy, which is the process of making commercial transactions on the Internet. Within the framework of this concept, the activities of economic entities carrying out commercial transactions using electronic means of information exchange are considered. A distinctive feature of electronic commerce is its efficiency and speed compared to traditional methods of data exchange.

ELECTRONIC STOCK TRADING GUARANTEES

The electronic trading of shares is one of the modern technical systems through which the sale or purchase of shares is carried out through the new electronic means of communication. which contributes to the speed of access to information to investors and ease of dealing in the stock market. and the investor should be aware and familiar with the rules that govern trading in the market through knowledge of the legal rules that regulate the trading process as well as the rules set by the legislator to regulate the control of the trading process. which is one of the important guarantees for the implementation of For the same reason. the legislator limited trading operations to the broker through the technology it provides for the trading process with market knowledge and specified the duties of the broker. which. once one of them breached. was subjected to legal liability. Based on the foregoing. we decided to divide the research into two sections. the first section deals with the control of electronic trading of shares and the second section deals with the responsibility of the broker

THE CRIMINAL LIABILITY FOR ILLEGAL BANKING ACCESS WHICH HARMS STATE FINANCES

The misuse of developments in information technology has in fact given rise to a new mode of theft crime, namely the development of theft by certain parties who use electronic means. The purpose of this research is to know and analyze the Scope of Cyber Crime by accessing electronic banking systems that harm the Bank's finances, Legal Protection for Banks That Suffer Losses Due to Actors Accessing the Bank's Electronic System, Criminal Liability for Cyber Crime Actors By Accessing Electronic Banking Systems That Harm State Finances. The research method used is library research (library study), in legal research the normative juridical approach method or library law. This crime is often perceived as a crime committed in the cyber area. The mode of operation of this crime continues to develop, along with technological developments. Crimes that arise as a result of the misuse of technological advances are cyber crimes by accessing electronic systems. Cyber Crimeas a crime that uses computer technology as the main component which is very detrimental and disturbing to society is a form of crime found in the mass media, namely all kinds of use of computer networks. Electronic Information and Transactions in the form of cellphones, laptops, internet. Because of this, Cyber Crime is often a reported modes of operation also vary, ranging from fraudulent sales of goods, embezzlement, fraud through stock investment, hijacking customers' ATMs and so on.

LEGAL AND TECHNICAL PROBLEMS OF DIGITISING THE MOROCCAN TAX SYSTEM

Most of the economic, social and environmental reforms envisaged by countries attach crucial importance to the information revolution, which has become the major challenge of our time. Most nations are embracing it wholeheartedly, including Morocco, which has introduced a new tax reform plan with the enactment of Framework Law 19.69. This plan focuses on digitising and strengthening administrative services by relying on electronic media, which have become a pressing necessity in all Moroccan administrations. Electronic filing and electronic enforcement of all taxes are the main objective of the tax services. The 2020 pandemic has played a fundamental role in accelerating the adoption of digitisation, offering an alternative to physical interactions in various locations such as administrative departments, public institutions, markets, and others. However, this development has raised a number of tax and legal issues, particularly in terms of the technology used for electronic tax filing and payment. These changes have also had an impact on the worlds tax systems, some of which are unable to keep pace with these advances. In addition, the emergence of e-commerce has added further complexity, particularly in terms of taxation and the challenges faced with social influencers generating significant revenues. Thus, the increasing adoption of electronic means in the tax field has raised legal and technical issues related to electronic tax filing and enforcement, just as e-commerce has become a major pillar of the global economic fabric, creating its own legal and technical challenges.