Electromechanical Technology Research Articles

Practical Teaching Methods and Technical Training in Electromechanical Engineering Education

Practical Teaching Methods and Technical Training in Electromechanical Engineering Education

Practical Exploration of Augmented Reality Technology in Engineering Project Site Management

Abstract In recent years, with the rapid development of augmented reality technology, its technical application fields have become more and more extensive. This paper studies the application of augmented reality technology in engineering projects, mainly including target detection technology, feature matching technology, and 3D modeling technology. The article first improves YOLOv5 based on the original YOLOv5 algorithm by integrating the attention mechanism. The SURF algorithm is improved, the FAST-SURF algorithm is adopted for feature extraction and matching of images, and an engineering project simulation system is designed using augmented reality technology. Then, the improved YOLOv5 algorithm was tested for performance, and the experiment concluded that the improved YOLOv5 algorithm has high precision and recall. For experimental analysis of image stabilization based on feature matching, the ORB model and FAST-SURF were used. The experimental results are in line with expectations, and FAST-SURF has a good virtual fusion effect for images. This paper takes the electromechanical engineering project as a case for simulation experiments and uses Monte Carlo method simulation to verify the reliability of the method, for which traditional technology and augmented reality technology were used to predict the project duration of the project engineering. The results show that the project duration prediction cycle based on augmented reality technology is shorter, the project plan is more feasible, and the probability of achieving the project duration with augmented reality technology is stable at about 40.

Prevalence of caffeine-dependent students in the electromechanical engineering program at Universidad Technical Equinoctial

Caffeine consumption is a common practice among university students to cope with academic demands. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of caffeine-dependent students in the Electromechanical Engineering program at the Technical University Equinoccial of Ecuador. A non-experimental and descriptive design was used. Surveys were conducted with 156 students to assess their caffeine consumption habits, product preferences, and knowledge of its effects. The results indicated that 40.4% of the students consume caffeine daily, and 84.6% have a low level of knowledge about its consequences. The prevalence of consumption was higher among men, although women showed a higher tendency in percentage terms. The study concludes the need to implement educational and awareness strategies on responsible caffeine consumption and its health risks, and thus an educational and preventive proposal is made to the institution subject of this study

AN INTELLIGENT MULTI-SENSOR SYSTEM FOR IDENTIFICATION AND ASSESSMENT OF THE TECHNICAL CONDITION OF ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT USING WI-FI

The modern stage of industrial development is characterized by an increasing need for systems to monitor the condition and efficient functioning of electrical equipment. Breakdown or unplanned stoppage of an electromechanical system engine is accompanied by significant economic losses for enterprises. Therefore, the current stage of industrial development is characterized by an increasing need for systems for monitoring the condition and efficient functioning of electrical equipment.
 As a result, due to the rapid development of precision manufacturing technologies, many studies have been conducted in the field of multi-sensor measurement and data fusion technologies to improve monitoring capabilities in terms of measurement accuracy and information richness, thereby increasing production efficiency and accuracy. In a multi-sensor system, each sensor independently measures certain parameters. The system then uses an appropriate signal processing algorithm to combine all the independent measurements into a complete set of measurement results.
 An accurate assessment of the technical condition makes it possible to predict the term of the next repair of the equipment, increases the reliability and efficiency of its operation, reduces the damage from downtime of the equipment due to accidents, the costs of repair and restoration of operability, reduces the costs of maintenance and operation of the equipment.
 This article presents an overview of an intelligent multi-sensor system for monitoring the process and technological state of electrical equipment. Which in real time with the help of sensors makes it possible to obtain information from the environment and draw conclusions about the condition of the diagnosed equipment. The technology of an intelligent multi-sensor system for identification and assessment of the technical condition of electrical equipment has prospects for wide application in industries. Thanks to the most compact dimensions of the installation, we have the opportunity to take measurements in hard-to-reach places, without removing the equipment from work, which minimizes losses from downtime. Also, the use of this system allows detecting the development of a defect in the early stages of development, which prevents and significantly reduces the cost of repairing power equipment when it is out of service.

An analysis of the application of mechatronics in the modern automotive field

Nowadays, mechatronics technology is more and more widely used in the automotive field, and the author starts from this point to analyze the development in this field of China. By enumerating concrete examples of the application of electromechanical integration technology in the automotive field, the paper analyzes and summarizes the direction of developing electromechanical integration technology in the current automotive field based on existing literature and data, so as to make a contrast with our countrys low level of electromechanical integration technology, and puts forward several suggestions on the application of electromechanical integration technology in the automotive field. The results show that the application of mechatronics in the modern automobile field is mainly in automatic fuel filling system, car attitude control, ABS anti-lock system, electronic stability program, racing car design and so on, concluding that progress should be made in the fields of enterprise reform, innovation, and specialty setting.

Research on bolt looseness monitoring based on electromechanical impedance transmissibility technology

Centralized damage, such as bolt looseness, is one of the most common types of damage in bridge structures. Thus, early detection of such damage is essential for bridge maintenance. Detection methods based on transmittance functions (TFs) have been widely studied. These functions use a T matrix to calculate damage indicators and reflect changes in dynamic parameters, such as natural structural frequencies. However, existing research has shown that the excitation position significantly impacts the T matrix. Therefore, this study proposes a new method based on electromechanical impedance (EMI) for local damage characterization, namely, EMI-TF. A series of comparative tests shows that the EMI-TF process is more sensitive and accurate than the traditional TFs. In addition, the sensitivity of the EMI-TF and EMI methods is compared. Results show that using EMI-TF technology can achieve the localization of minor damage at lower frequencies, which, to some extent, overcomes the limitations of the traditional EMI method that can only detect minor damage at high frequencies. The repeatability of EMI-TF is also studied separately in experiments, with ten repeated experiments conducted. Results show that the experimental results of EMI-TF have high repeatability.

Design and implementation of a bioclimatic housing prototype for the Bolivian highlands

The Mechanical - Electromechanical Engineering research institute, made up of a multidisciplinary team, designs and implements a bioclimatic housing prototype for the Bolivian highlands, located near the Andes Mountains at an altitude of 3,000 to 4,000 meters above sea level. This project was developed and implemented with financing from the Swiss Cooperation for Bolivia, within the Climate Change Adaptation projects.
 The design process includes: the sociocultural study of the inhabitants of the region, where direct information is collected from the peasants on the conception of housing in their culture and ancestral construction characteristics of their houses. Subsequently, the climate of the region (temperatures, solar radiation, winds and relative humidity) is characterized with the help of a meteorological station, which provided historical records of 5 years. Those data were sufficient to be able to carry out a reliable characterization, with which the Typical Meteorological Year is determined. Likewise, local construction materials that may be useful in the design are studied, analyzing their thermal and mechanical properties in the laboratory.
 Finally, with all the information described, an architectural design is carried out taking into account bioclimatic aspects, ways of harnessing solar energy, distribution of the room and a viable construction cost for the economic reality of the region. The developed architectural model is optimized in an energy simulation program (Siter Vs. 1.2), achieving energy savings of 65%. The software used is owned property of the research institute
 The house has been monitored with temperature sensors for about a year and six months, to date it shows good results, where the correct functioning of the elements and constructive forms is evidenced, reflecting a temperature inside the house of around 10 °C above room temperature 24 hours a day.

Analytical review of electronic and electrome-chanical systems of electric vehicles

Problem. This article addresses the issue of developing environmentally friendly vehicles and their electronic and electromechanical components. It provides an analytical review of advanced electromechanical technologies utilized in the creation of Tesla electric cars. Specifically, the study analyzes the electronic stability control system, active pneumatic suspension, and electric power steering. The perspective of electric cars lies in their ability to meet the economic requirements of modernity and align with the "Zero Emission" paradigm. The obtained results can serve as recommendations for the development of electronic and electromechanical systems and complexes of electric vehicles, benefiting scientific and technical professionals engaged in the creation of environmentally friendly vehicles. Goal. This study aims to analyze the advanced technologies used in the development of electronic and electromechanical systems of Tesla electric cars. Methodology. The research employs an analytical study of the characteristics of the electronic and electromechanical systems of Tesla electric cars to achieve the set goal. It includes a detailed analysis of the electronic stability control system, active pneumatic suspension, and electric power steering. Results. An analysis of scientific publications reveals that the problem of creating environmentally friendly and energy-efficient vehicles is currently being solved through the use of electric drives powered by traction batteries. Modern electric cars have overcome drawbacks such as low dynamics, limited range, and low maximum speed, surpassing similar internal combustion engine vehicles in these aspects. Tesla electric cars are currently the most technologically advanced and promising in this field. The analysis focuses on the technical solutions and advanced technologies employed in Tesla Model S electric cars, specifically the electronic stability control system, active pneumatic suspension, and electric power steering. The conducted research allows for an assessment of the current state of electronic and electromechanical systems in electric cars and provides insights into their future development. Originality. The results of this research provide a comprehensive understanding of the present state of electronic and electromechanical systems in Tesla electric cars. It enables a detailed analysis and exploration of the advanced technologies used in the development of Tesla electric cars and their distinctive features. Practical Value. The research findings contribute to identifying promising directions for the development of contemporary electronic and electromechanical systems in electric vehicles. They serve as a basis for creating recommendations concerning electronic stability control systems, active pneumatic suspension, and electric power steering, which can be valuable to scientific and technical professionals involved in the development of environmentally friendly vehicles.

Electro-Mechanical Joint Simulation Technology of 3D Printing Equipment of Outer Space

The outer space environment is complex, so the research and development of 3D printing equipment depends on the prototype test that is difficult to achieve on the ground, therefore, the performance of the equipment must be investigated by means of simulation. In this paper, the electro-mechanical joint simulation model of the outer space 3D printing equipment is established based on ADAMS and MATLAB/Simulink, which taking into account the overall micro-gravity environment, the nonlinear friction characteristics of each motion-axis, the inertia of each axis, and the overall frame vibration. Based on this model, the point-to-point control and the interpolation motion errors of X and Y axes with external disturbance is realized. At last the comparative control of motion error is realized, which provides a basis for the development of 3D printing equipment in outer space environment.

The Influence of Lean Principles on USTP Electro-Mechanical Technology Department Waste Management and Sustainability Efforts: Case Study

This study aims to assess waste in the Electro-mechanical Department of the University of Science and Technology of Southern Philippines (USTP) based on lean principles and their impact on sustainability efforts. The study uses a case study approach, categorizing waste into eight categories and creating a risk ranking using the FMEA technique. Data collection for the risk ranking was not possible due to scheduling constraints. The literature review discusses the implementation of lean principles in higher education institutions (HEIs), waste modes in HEIs, and the potential benefits and challenges of implementing lean principles in HEIs. The study findings indicate that waste modes such as defects, overproduction, waiting, non-utilized talent, extra transportation, excess inventory, extra motion, and extra processing exist in the USTP Electro-mechanical Department. The implementation of lean principles has the potential to reduce these waste modes and improve the overall sustainability of the department. However, successful implementation requires collaboration among multiple stakeholders and adequate resources. Further research is needed to identify best practices for implementing lean principles in HEIs.

Research Perspective in Flexible Hand Exoskeleton

The purpose of writing this review paper is to make it more convenient for the public to use and adapt to hand exoskeletons, especially to enhance the promotion of flexible hand exoskeletons, and to put forward some of my own views. In recent years, a flexible exoskeleton human-machine intelligent system has become a new research hotspot in the fields of robotics, electromechanical engineering, automatic control, bioengineering and artificial intelligence, and has been widely used in scientific research, industrial production, space or deep-sea exploration, entertainment, etc. Sports rehabilitation and daily life have gradually been widely used. Flexible exoskeletons are most commonly used in the medical and biological fields. The human-machine intelligent technology of a flexible exoskeleton takes man-machine integration technology as the core, and the advantages of people and intelligent machines can be fully utilized. Through organic human-machine coupling, perception and decision-making at the execution level, the performance of the system is enhanced. Teleoperated exoskeletons and augmented exoskeletons are two important research directions for flexible exoskeleton human-machine intelligent systems.

Preface

Since the 21st century, the progress of electromechanical and vehicle engineering technology has promoted the prosperous development of social economy, accelerated the construction of transportation infrastructure, and also had a profound impact on the natural ecological environment. During the course of rapid technological development, lots of related technologies and products have been produced, achieving fruitful academic results and application transformation.Under such background, the 2022 2nd International Conference on Smart Transportation, Energy and Power (STEP 2022) was held on December 16th-18th, 2022 in Sanya, China (virtual conference). STEP 2022, a leading academic platform, provided an opportunity for academic communication and scientific innovation, promoted the industrial cooperation of academic achievements, and facilitated the collaboration in the future among all the participants.The scope of the conference covered all fields of research in smart transportation, energy and power, including Intelligent transportation, Wisdom logistics, Energy engineering, Power and Automation, Electrical Engineering, The Smart Grid, The Power System, etc. The conference brought together about 100 participants, primarily from China, but also from Singapore, Germany, Australia and other countries.A three-day program of the conference was divided into three sessions, including keynote speeches, oral presentations, and academic investigation. Each keynote speaker was given 30-40 minutes for keynote speeches and every presenter was given 10-15 minutes. Among them, Prof. Wei Wei from Xi’an University of Technology, China performed a keynote speech: Based on IoTs Parking Navigation with Continuous Information Potential Field research. As Internet of Things (IoTs) are increasingly being deployed in some important applications, it becomes imperative that we consider application requirements in in-network processes. He intended to use a WSN to aid information querying and navigation within a dynamic and real-time environment. He proposed a novel method that relies on the heat diffusion equation to finish the navigation process conveniently and easily, used multiple scales to reach the goal of accurate navigation and presented a multi-scale gradient descent method to satisfy users’ requirements in WSNs. The insightful speeches of each keynote speakers triggered heated and interesting discussions and a good number of informal talks between all the participants.We would like to thank all the participants in the 2022 2nd International Conference on Smart Transportation, Energy and Power. We would also like to thank the Conference Chairmen and all the other Committee members, for the work and preparation they put in to organize this event. Finally, our special acknowledgements go to the Journal of Physics: Conference Series, for the endeavor of all its colleagues in publishing this paper volume. We deeply appreciate their efforts in making the conference successful.The Committee of STEP 2022List of Committee member is available in this pdf.

Design and testing of an electromechanical engine for a small solid-propellant rocket using non-metal materials

In this paper an engine prototype of 2 degrees of freedom from a work still in progress that helps a solid fuel rocket to stay vertical during motor operation is presented. One of the philosophies of this paper consists in using cheap and accessible materials, as well as avoiding the use of industrial machinery for its manufacture. This paper describes the procedure to generate solid fuel from a mixture of sugar and potassium nitrate. Subsequently, the design of the engine and tests conserning reusability with the prototype are presented. The design is based solely on obtaining the torques required to keep the prototype rocket moving in a vertical direction. The corresponding equations are written and after linearization, the transfer function is presented and the system is simulated using a PID control. The electromechanical system (ES) as well as the solid fuel motor were manufactured, and even though the ES is not coupled to the motor so the control actions are not evaluated, the performance of the rocket motor is measured using different design options and the propulsion times were evaluated. To measure the orientation and position the BMP280 and MPU6050 sensors were selected, and their stabilization time after turning them on was evaluated. It was found that the materials can be reused at least once for tests up to 23 grams of solid fuel, and that the selected electronic devices must have a stabilization time before ignition.

Rekabentuk dan Prestasi Antena MEMS Penuai Tenaga Mikro Frekuensi Radio Bagi Peranti Elektronik Berkuasa Rendah

Radio Frequency (RF) ambient energy has become the choice as a source of green energy for energy harvesting systems due to the existence of electromagnetic wave signals that are always present in the environment without incurring cost. This RF energy is very low usually less than 190 µW. However, the antenna needs to supply sufficient power to the RF energy harvesting system to power low-power electronic devices. Therefore, the antenna needs to be designed to capture and transfer energy to the RF micro energy harvesting circuit to supply optimal power to the electronic device. The micro-strip antenna design using Micro Electro Mechanical (MEMS) fabrication technology process is the most suitable choice because of its small size, light weight and high performance. This MEMS antenna design uses Computer Simulation TechnologyMicrowave-Studio software(CST-MWS). Comparisons were made for four types of antennas namely silicon surface micromachine, silicon bulk micro-machine with air cavity, glass surface micro-machine and RT/Duroid 5880 as reference. The simulation results show that the glass surface micro-machine antenna is the smallest in size compared to the other three antennas. The return loss of this antenna is also better which is increased by 55.1% and 5.6% compared to silicon surface micro-machine antennas and conventional RT/Duroid antennas respectively. The antenna also has a large bandwidth of 117 MHz, a gain of more than 5 dB and a direction of more than 5 dBi. The glass surface micro-machine antenna has been successfully fabricated using MEMS technology which produces a transparent antenna measuring (L/W) 19 mm x 19 mm. This small sized MEMS antenna is highly sensitive and highly effective for capturing ambient RF signals and is capable of supplying sufficient power to the RF energy harvester system.

Модельно-ориентированное программирование как инструмент инженера-электромеханика

Modern electric drives with microprocessor control are complex technical systems with software that ensures the coordination of various physical processes for automatic motion control. At the same time, electromechanical engineers have a little knowledge about modern microprocessor technology, expressive and convenient programming languages, as well as modern software development and debugging technologies. Thus, it is difficult for them to develop electric drives independently. In addition, there is a professional gap between electromechanical engineers and programmers, which keeps them from cooperation on the software of electric drives. Nowadays, there are model-based programming tools designed to develop software in graphical form with a description of the built-in microcontroller modules in the form of configurable model blocks. However, the theoretical and practical issues of this technology are still limited and require development. Thus, the aim to develop model-based programming as a full-fledged technology for control systems development is relevant. Electromechanical engineers, on the one hand, and software developers, on the other hand, are the target of the research using the method of system analysis of professional competencies. The importance of the software for the electric drive microprocessor control systems is considered. The author assesses the capabilities of an electromechanical engineer who has been trained as a bachelor and master’s degree student in the field of “Electric Power and Electrical Engineering” as a developer of microprocessor-controlled electric drives. The author describes the model-based programming technique as an effective technology to develop software for microprocessor control systems intended for engineers of different spheres, including electromechanical engineers, whose activities are related to the development of electric drives. The author suggests an approach based on the application of model-based programming technology to develop microprocessor control systems for electric drives. The approach makes it possible to improve the competence of electromechanical engineers in the field of software development of control systems. Model-based programming technique contributes to the development of modern microprocessor technology and development technologies as an effective tool for independent development of software of electric drive systems by electromechanical engineers without assistance of programmers.

Numerical analysis of heat transfer and flow characteristics of supercritical CO2-cooled wavy mini-channel heat sinks

In today's world, thermal management in the components of new electronic and electromechanical technologies has become one of the most critical challenges in this realm. Generally, there is a high heat flux generating part in these instruments, so a robust heat dissipation or cooling system is required to guarantee their reliability and lifetime. Recently, miniature heat sinks have attracted the attention of many researchers, and the performance of air- and liquid-cooled heat sinks having wavy miniature channels has frequently been investigated. However, the heat transfer and flow characteristics of these cooling systems utilizing critical or pseudocritical carbon dioxide (CO2) as the coolant have not been investigated yet and are still an unclear subject. To fulfill this gap, 3D simulations are carried out to scrutinize the thermal and hydraulic characteristics of CO2 flow inside a wavy mini-channel heat sink at a uniform heat flux of 1000 kW m−2. This study also aims to explore the effects of specific design factors, including wave amplitude (wa) and wavelength (wl), at different inlet temperatures (from 305 to 310 K) and mass fluxes (500–2000 kg m−2 s−1) of the CO2 flow. The simulations start with the validation of the numerical results with the available experimental data, in which the deviations lie within ±2%. The results endorse that replacing the straight mini-channels with the wavy ones can enhance the thermal performance of the heat sink by an average of 1.86 times associated with an average pressure drop increment of 1.58 times. The maximal heat transfer coefficient of 8.58 times is obtained at the lowest inlet temperature of 305 K, whereas the maximal pressure drop of 5.65 times is observed at the highest inlet temperature of 310 K. The results suggest that larger wave amplitudes and smaller wavelengths contribute to the larger heat transfer coefficient values. However, these factors become less influential when the inlet temperature increases. Imposing a lower inlet temperature can significantly improve the overall performance. A maximal performance index of 4.41 is obtained for a model with wa = 1.0 and wl = 5 mm at the inlet temperature of 305 K.

Review on Investigation of Shear Lag Effect for EMI and PZT Technique by Using Analytical Approach

Abstract: The advent of smart materials such as piezoelectric (PZT) sensors has helped to revolutionize the field of structural health monitoring (SHM) based on NDT techniques. Currently, the effect of the thickness of the adhesive layer (Shear lag Effect) is considered insignificant in the practical application of EMI technology. Although a relatively new NDT method known as the electromechanical (EMI) technique has been studied for more than two decades, there are still a number of issues that must be resolved before it can be applied to real structures. A technique with significant potential to advance one of the most efficient SHM systems involves the use of a single PZT to excite and sense the host structure. This article reviews the research related to EMI technology over the past decade to understand its trend. It also compares new concepts and ideas proposed by other authors and ends the work with a discussion of possible directions for future work.

Magnetic properties of soft magnetic composites used in electromechanical engineering

The article discusses the methods of using composite magnetic alloys for elements of electrical engineering. The main methods of obtaining soft magnetic composite materials have been studied in order to obtain high-performance MMC particles, as it should be subjected to electrically insulated powder to obtain high-density parts. High densities generally improve magnetic properties, both to keep hysteresis losses low and to obtain high flux density. These give an effect when used for the cores of electric motors based on magnetically soft composite materials.

Wearable Sports Technology Development in Costa Rica: Inertial Measurement Unit Integration for Real-Time External Load Monitoring

The increasing trend and projection for the use of wearable sensors technology in the general population have led to the development of different inertial measurement units (IMU) to monitor activity and motion variables during exercise or sports. This study aims to systematize the practical experience of developing an inertial measurement device to quantify external load in real time for runners. This article shows the installed capacity of Costa Rican higher education institutions to integrate existing sensors available in the international market in a single device to program it and use it for different sport science purposes. Two scientific laboratories joined resources and integrated an interdisciplinary team composed of exercise physiologists, sports scientists, physiotherapists, and electromechanical engineers who globally faced the challenge of creating SafeRun IMU. In this case, an IMU was constructed with great success, capable of quantifying external load variables controlled from a mobile device in real-time. The results showed an acceptable agreement and reliability of the data extracted from the IMU. The information collected from this IMU could be used to control and quantify external load to develop or redirect exercise programming and prescription and prevent overuse injuries or physical overload conditions. This device differs from other existing ones due to its small size and portability, which benefits its commercialization and massification.

Review of Electromechanical Coupling Technologies of High-performance Electronic Equipment

Review of Electromechanical Coupling Technologies of High-performance Electronic Equipment