Electric Hybrid Research Articles

Extending battery lifetime of electric-hydraulic hybrid wheel loader through system parameter optimization

Parallel electric hydraulic hybrid powertrain (PEHH) is a promising substitute for electric direct drive to extend battery lifetime. The convex programming (CP) based simultaneous optimization method has been adopted in electric hybrid system parameter optimization, but it is difficult to extend it for PEHH due to its non-convexity. In this paper, a combined exhaustive search – convex programming (ES-CP) system parameter optimization method is proposed to address the non-convexity of PEHH system parameter optimization problem. In this method, the PEHH system parameter optimization problem is modeled and reformulated in convex form and the convex part is decoupled from the optimization problem. The CP method is used for the convex part and the ES method is used for the remained non-convex part. The ES-CP method is applied to the PEHH powertrain to extend its battery lifetime. Optimization results show that the battery lifetime of the ES-CP optimized PEHH system is 6.8% longer than that of the non-optimized system. The computing time of ES-CP is 97% lower than Latin hypercube sampling and 90% lower than genetic algorithm methods.

A novel extraction method for combustion feature of CI engine in electric hybrid power based on engine instantaneous speed

A novel extraction method for combustion feature of CI engine in electric hybrid power based on engine instantaneous speed

Anthropological Evaluation of Social Perception and Use of Green-Electric Vehicles in Terms of "Environmentalism"

The new solutions always come with new problems. The rise of green vehicles has been heralded as a significant step towards reducing the environmental impact of transportation. Electric vehicles, hybrids, and other eco-friendly alternatives have gained popularity in recent years, with promises of reduced emissions and a greener future. However, the question remains: Are green vehicles truly environmentally friendly? This comprehensive academic article delves into the environmental impact of green vehicles, considering factors such as manufacturing, energy sources, real practical use of vehicles, and their overall carbon footprint. By examining the lifecycle of green vehicles, we aim to provide a balanced assessment of their environmental benefits and challenges.

FORMATION OF A SYSTEM FOR ASSESSING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF LOGISTICS ACTIVITIES OF MOTOR TRANSPORT ENTERPRISES ENGAGED IN FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION IN TERMS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

The article discusses the importance of implementing innovations at road transport enterprises in the context of achieving the region's sustainable development goals. The author emphasizes that road transport enterprises are significant sources of harmful emissions and environmental pollution, so using innovative technologies, such as electric vehicles, hybrid cars, and alternative fuels, is an important tool for reducing the negative environmental impact. In particular, these technologies help to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and other harmful substances, which is in line with Sustainable Development Goals 7 (access to modern energy), 13 (combating climate change), and 15 (protecting terrestrial ecosystems). In addition, innovations in transport technologies, such as automated driving systems, help to improve road safety and reduce the number of road accidents, which is in line with Goal 3 (good health and well-being). The creation of new jobs and infrastructure development through the construction of electric charging stations and the introduction of intelligent transport systems (smart cities) are also linked to Sustainable Development Goals 9 (sustainable infrastructure) and 11 (sustainable urban development). The author analyses the performance indicators of innovations at motor transport enterprises, taking into account economic, social, and environmental aspects. Particular emphasis is placed on the adaptation of these indicators to the current realities of Ukraine. Using game theory, the article develops a model for the selection of optimal strategies for motor transport enterprises and the region. This model allows us to find the Nash equilibrium - a situation where both parties achieve the optimal result. Enterprises that implement innovations not only improve their own performance indicators, but also contribute to the achievement of sustainable development goals of the region. The article also presents two sets of strategies: for the development of logistics activities of a motor transport enterprise and the sustainable development of the region. Both approaches aim to comprehensively improve the region's environmental, economic, and social situation. The conclusions emphasize the importance of implementing innovation development assessment systems as a tool for making strategic decisions and improving the efficiency of logistics operations.

Feasibility Study of Efficient and Adaptive Interval Type-2.0 Fuzzy Logic Controller for Hybrid Electric Vehicle Performance Optimization

Feasibility Study of Efficient and Adaptive Interval Type-2.0 Fuzzy Logic Controller for Hybrid Electric Vehicle Performance Optimization

Research on Electric Hydrogen Hybrid Storage Operation Strategy for Wind Power Fluctuation Suppression

Research on Electric Hydrogen Hybrid Storage Operation Strategy for Wind Power Fluctuation Suppression

Dynamic Programming-Based ANFIS Energy Management System for Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Vehicles

Reducing reliance on fossil fuels has driven the development of innovative technologies in recent years due to the increasing levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Since the automotive industry is one of the main contributors of high CO2 emissions, the introduction of more sustainable solutions in this sector is fundamental. This paper presents a novel energy management system for fuel cell hybrid electric vehicles based on dynamic programming and adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system methodologies to optimize energy distribution between battery and fuel cell, therefore enhancing powertrain efficiency and reducing hydrogen consumption. Three different approaches have been considered for performance assessment through a simulation platform developed in MATLAB/Simulink 2023a. Further validation has been conducted via a rapid control prototyping device, showcasing significant improvements in hydrogen usage and operational efficiency across different drive cycles. Results manifest that the developed controllers successfully replicate the optimal control trajectory, providing a robust and computationally feasible solution for real-world applications. This research highlights the potential of combining advanced control strategies to meet performance and environmental demands of modern heavy-duty vehicles.

Virtual Inertia-Based Control and Stability Analysis for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Vehicles

Virtual Inertia-Based Control and Stability Analysis for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Vehicles

A review of the harvesting methods for offshore renewable energy – advances and challenges

The present work offers general information about present-day and developments in offshore renewable energy, specially of wind, wave and the solar energy harnessing structures. In the introduction, the authors raise awareness of the despite more untapped potentials that exist in the oceans and the offshore Wind Energy Market that is experiencing a steep rise in the recent past due to technological advancement and the great policies that support this energy source. This mainly focuses on the very huge additionality of offshore wind power and the improvements in floating solar PV systems. Section three outlines an assortment of studies that were done by different writers on the strengths and weaknesses of offshore renewable energy technologies through a meta-analysis of the literature. The method of data extraction revolved around several factors, namely technological admissibility, resource identification, location and environmental and economic factors. The sources used comprised of scholarly articles published within the peer reviewed journals in the period of 2013 to 2024, to ensure that the study offered a comprehensive analysis on the technological advancements. The results and discussion section gives an analysis of the results achieved and demonstrates the developments in Offshore Wind Energy, Wave Energy Conversion, and Floating Solar PV Systems. Thus, offshore wind energy is described as the rapidly evolving segment and particular focus is made on the floating wind farms and their advancements in the aspects of power density and structural stability. Wave energy converters are discussed regarding their applicability to complement hybrid electricity production despite limited data on the devices’ performance. Another key feature is that the FFPV systems are reported to be more efficient and cheaper than the land mounted systems. Thus, the article emphasizes the need to produce the further literature on offshore renewable energy, political support, and cooperation between different sectors. It concludes that an offshore renewable energy has the potential for the future development due to advancement in the technology as well as due to environmental factors.

Simulation and Analysis of the Energy Consumption of a Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Vehicle

Simulation and Analysis of the Energy Consumption of a Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Vehicle

Correction: Tierielnyk, S.; Lukovtsev, V. Emergency Prevention Control as a Means of Power Quality Improvement in a Shipboard Hybrid Electric Power System. Energies 2024, 17, 398

There was an error in the original publication [...]

Dual-layer multi-mode energy management optimization strategy for electric vehicle hybrid energy storage systems

Dual-layer multi-mode energy management optimization strategy for electric vehicle hybrid energy storage systems

Evaluation of environmental and economic performance of terminal equipment considering alternative fuels

Container-terminal equipment is the main source of emissions at ports, and the environmental and economic impacts of alternative fuels on them have not been sufficiently investigated. In this study, a novel framework for quantitative evaluation of environmental and economic performances is constructed by considering four dimensions: various fuel pathways, full fuel lifecycles, fuel preparation sources, and economic policies. A case study is conducted through empirical data from Qingdao Container Terminal, and the combined impacts of the five sensitive factors at different periods are studied in depth. The result shows that liquefied natural gas, electricity, and diesel-electric hybrid offer substantial overall benefits. Owing to energy transformation, technological progress, and cost reduction, hydrogen and electricity may emerge as the most advantageous energy sources. Policies are crucial in reducing emissions by port enterprises, and the government should improve emission regulations, stabilize incentive policies, and promote the use of new energy.

Multiple Electric Components Health-Aware Eco-Driving Strategy for Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Vehicle Based on Soft Actor-Critic Algorithm

Multiple Electric Components Health-Aware Eco-Driving Strategy for Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Vehicle Based on Soft Actor-Critic Algorithm

Current insights and future prospects of graphene aerogel-enhanced supercapacitors: A systematic review

Supercapacitors present a compelling alternative to conventional batteries, offering rapid energy storage and high power density. Despite their advantages, they typically fall short in energy density compared to traditional batteries, primarily due to limitations in electrode materials. Graphene Aerogels (GA) have emerged as a promising solution to enhance supercapacitor performance because of their unique properties, such as high surface area and excellent conductivity. This systematic review provides a comprehensive analysis of recent advancements in GA technology, focusing on their synthesis methods and applications in supercapacitors. It highlights significant improvements that GA can bring to Electric Double-Layer Capacitors (EDLCs), pseudocapacitors, and hybrid supercapacitors. Additionally, the review explores GA's potential for enhancing electric generators and integrating into flexible, wearable technologies. Future research directions are emphasised, particularly regarding GA’s potential applications in waste management and environmental protection. The review was conducted through a thorough literature search, prioritising peer-reviewed sources related to GA synthesis and supercapacitor applications. Methodological quality and potential biases of the included studies were assessed using principles similar to the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. Thematic analysis was employed to synthesise findings and identify key trends and challenges. Limitations such as potential biases and methodological variations are discussed. Overall, this review highlights the technological prospects of GA and provides guidance for future research in supercapacitor development and applications.

A novel multi-objective decision-making model to determine optimum resource and capacity configuration for hybrid electricity generation systems: A comparative case study in Türkiye

The rapid depletion of fossil fuels, their negative environmental impacts due to harmful carbon emissions, and the drawbacks of the sole use of intermittent renewable energy resources on system reliability necessitate the use of more advanced energy system technologies. As a result, hybrid electricity generation systems offer an innovative alternative to conventional energy systems. However, the technical complexity and variability of these systems require the application of multi-objective optimization techniques to determine the optimal sizing and system design. Therefore, in this study, we suggest a multi-objective decision-making (MODM) model that involves five conflicting objectives to find the optimal resource configuration and auxiliary source capacity allocation within the framework of the multi-source electricity production method in Türkiye. The MODM model aims to maximize the utilization of resource potentials and the jobs created, while simultaneously minimizing the levelized cost of energy (LCOE), construction duration, and carbon emissions. The MODM model was solved using fmincon and fgoalattain multi-objective optimization algorithms using the Goal Attainment Method in MATLAB and the model results were subsequently compared to the real-world data. According to the model results, the optimal capacity to be allocated for the auxiliary source units is 13,749.58 MWm, while the capacity allocated according to the real-world data as of March 2024 is 2495.49 MWm. In contrast to the model's prediction of 90.8 % solar-based auxiliary unit installations, 99.8 % of auxiliary units are based on solar PV in the actual case. Furthermore, hydro or geothermal-based auxiliary sources are not allocated any capacity, which is consistent with the actual situation. The capacity allocated for the wind (primary source) + solar (auxiliary source) configuration is 76.2 %, whereas in reality, it accounts for 65.6 % of the total installations. Consequently, the model findings suggest that the maximum capacity allocation is for the wind (primary source) + solar (auxiliary source) type hybrid electricity generation system.

Hybrid ELECTRE and bipolar fuzzy PROMOTHEE‐based packet dropping malicious node mitigation technique for improving QoS in WSNs

Hybrid ELECTRE and bipolar fuzzy PROMOTHEE‐based packet dropping malicious node mitigation technique for improving QoS in WSNs

Socioeconomic determinants of household hybrid electricity adoption on Bugala Island in Uganda

Socioeconomic determinants of household hybrid electricity adoption on Bugala Island in Uganda

A Simplified 4-DOF Dynamic Model of a Series-Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicle

To research the dynamic response of a new type of dedicated transmission for a hybrid electric vehicle, a detailed dynamics model should be built. However, a model with too many degrees of freedom has a negative effect on controller design, which means the detailed model should be simplified. In this paper, two dynamic models are established. One is an original and detailed powertrain dynamics model (ODPDM), which can capture the transient response, and it is validated that the ODPDM can be used to accurately describe the real vehicle in some specific operating conditions. The other is a simplified torsional vibration dynamics model to study the torsional vibration characteristics of the hybrid electric vehicle. Compared with the full-order model, which is based on the ODPDM, the simplified model has a very similar vibration in low frequency. This study provides a basis for further vibration control of the hybrid powertrain during the process of a driving-mode switch.

Experimental investigation on an innovative serpentine channel‐based nanofluid cooling technology for modular lithium‐ion battery thermal management

AbstractMany nations have committed to becoming carbon neutral by 2050 as a means of addressing the global warming challenge. To achieve carbon neutrality, transportation is one of the most essential and important tasks. Energy‐efficient pure electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) with green energy power are being developed in response to the worldwide energy and environmental crises, as the potential replacements for the current generation of combustion‐engine automobiles. EVs require batteries more than ever before. In this perspective, lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) stand out as remarkable energy storage technologies and have been widely used due to their numerous impressive benefits. Owing to LIBs sensitivity to temperature, EVs typically use the battery thermal management system (BTMS). The working temperature span of a lithium‐ion battery in an electric car is 15°C–35°C, which is achieved by the use of a BTMS. The production of internal heat during charging and discharging also affects how well lithium‐ion batteries work. A battery heat control system is therefore required. The temperature of the LIB pack might be efficiently controlled by liquid‐cooled systems in discharge and charge scenarios. Based on Al2O3 nanofluid (NF), the current experimental study suggests a novel active cooling technology for regulating the heat produced by the 18650‐format lithium‐ion batteries. A thorough analysis is conducted on the impact of charge/discharge C‐rates, Al2O3 nanoparticle (NP) volume fractions, inflow coolant velocity, and intake liquid temperature on the thermal efficiency of the LIB pack. By incorporating aluminum oxide NPs into the water at varying volume fractions of 0.3%, 0.5%, and 1%, the LIB pack's maximum temperature was significantly reduced by 7.9%, 18.09%, and 19.56%, respectively. With increase in mass flow rate of coolant from 0.0290 to 0.5810 kg/s, the maximum temperature has been substantially reduced by 3.7%–8.6%. Results show that using higher fluid inflow temperature significantly increased both the highest experienced temperature and temperature diversity throughout the discharge operation by about, 6°C and 5°C, respectively. The outcomes of the study indicate that NFs exhibit superior cooling performance compared to conventional coolants such as water and ethylene glycol.