Electric Hybrid Research Articles

A Novel Perspective of Energy Management Strategies on Multistack Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Vehicles: Trends and Challenges

A Novel Perspective of Energy Management Strategies on Multistack Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Vehicles: Trends and Challenges

Convex Optimization for Long-term Eco-driving of Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Vehicles on Signalized Corridors

Convex Optimization for Long-term Eco-driving of Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Vehicles on Signalized Corridors

Product Innovations in Hybrid Electric Vehicle Vehicles: Comparative Study of Carbon Dioxide Emissions and Operational Parameters of Selected Passenger Cars

Product Innovations in Hybrid Electric Vehicle Vehicles: Comparative Study of Carbon Dioxide Emissions and Operational Parameters of Selected Passenger Cars

Advanced Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy for Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Vehicles

This paper aims to develop an Advanced Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy (AECMS) for efficient fuel cell hybrid electric vehicles (FCHEV). The Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy (ECMS) is one of the most feasible solutions for hybrid electric vehicles as it has less complexity and low computational cost in making the optimal control decision. However, typical ECMS designs with fixed gain use could not enhance an optimal energy control when dealing with multi decisive factors for highly non-linear and uncertain systems like FCHEVs. To address this control challenge, the AECMS is developed as the combination of the ECMS and an adaptive equivalence factor to optimally split the energy flow between the fuel cell and battery in the FCHEV. First, a cost function is formulated based on two key objectives which are power consumptions of the fuel cell and battery, the equivalence factor and a set of soft and hard constraints, considering the number of fuel cell start/stop, fuel cell optimal operating range, state of charge (SoC) range, temperature ranges and power limits. Second, the adaptive equivalence factor is newly designed as the combination of states and dynamics of the fuel cell and battery and corresponding weighting factors. Third, fuzzy inferences are derived to adjust online the weighting factors in an adaptive manner according to the working conditions of the energy sources, subsequently improving the overall vehicle energy efficiency and maintaining the battery SoC while prolonging their lifetime. Numerical simulations using a FCHEV model have been carried out under UDDS and HWFET drive cycles to illustrate the superior performance of the AECMS against the traditional ECMS.

A Modeling Framework for Stability and Dynamic Analysis of Marine Hybrid Electric Powertrains

A Modeling Framework for Stability and Dynamic Analysis of Marine Hybrid Electric Powertrains

Engine Start‐Up Torque Coordinated Control for Multimode Hybrid Electric Vehicle Equipped With a Two‐Speed Dedicated Hybrid Transmission

A multimode hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) equipped with a dedicated hybrid transmission (DHT) can be generally divided into pure electric mode with engine shutdown and hybrid mode with engine operation. Engine start‐stop control is the key to achieving a transition between these two modes. To address the issues of engine start‐up torque coordination control and torque interference, first, the start‐up requirements of DHT‐HEV engines in different driving scenarios are summarized, a multistage dynamic model for DHT‐HEV engine start‐up is established, and the key issues of engine start‐up torque coordination control are analyzed. Second, an engine start‐up torque coordinated control strategy with torque interference and parameter uncertainty is proposed, a robust model predictive controller (RMPC) is designed to adjust clutch pressure, a finite time disturbance observer (FTDO) is designed to obtain torque interference during the engine start‐up process, and a sliding mode observer (SMO) is designed to obtain vehicle driving resistance torque. Finally, a simulation and hardware‐in‐the‐loop (HIL) test are conducted to verify the performance of the relevant observers, torque coordination control, and interference compensation control during the engine start‐up process.

Hydrogen Integration for Achieving Net-Zero Emissions with Plug-in Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Vehicles

Currently, to achieve net-zero emissions, the transport sector is going through a decarbonization process, with Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs) leading the race. However, these vehicles present a limited range and high charging time as barriers to replacing 100% of the transport sector. Also, BEVs cannot achieve net-zero emissions given that the electric rechargeable stations are powered by the local grid electricity. Thus, even though electric vehicles do not produce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions directly; there are indirect emissions linked to the electricity used, relying on the balance between renewable and non-renewable energy sources in the local network. In this study, green Hydrogen is assessed as a possible solution to reach net-zero emissions with Fuel Cell Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (FC-PHEVs) that count with a greater range. A specific model of a cradle-to-grave life cycle is developed, allowing the assessment of its environmental impacts. Consequently, 3 scenarios are implemented to be assessed and compared using the model. The analysis shows that a considerable part of GHG emissions of Hydrogen implementation is found in its transportation, although research is being carried out on alternative solutions to mitigate this drawback.

Energy Management Strategy for Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Vehicles Considering the Inaccuracy of Predicted Vehicle Speed

Energy Management Strategy for Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Vehicles Considering the Inaccuracy of Predicted Vehicle Speed

Finite Control Set Model Predictive Current Control (FCS-MPCC) of Three-Port Converter for Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Vehicles

Finite Control Set Model Predictive Current Control (FCS-MPCC) of Three-Port Converter for Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Vehicles

Health-Aware Bi-level Optimization of Component Sizing and Real-Time Energy Management in Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Trucks

Health-Aware Bi-level Optimization of Component Sizing and Real-Time Energy Management in Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Trucks

Implementation of Fuzzy Logic Control into an Equivalent Minimization Strategy for Adaptive Energy Management of a Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicle

Implementation of Fuzzy Logic Control into an Equivalent Minimization Strategy for Adaptive Energy Management of a Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicle

A Comparative Study on Optimal Engine-Start Performance of Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicles with Various Starter Motors

A Comparative Study on Optimal Engine-Start Performance of Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicles with Various Starter Motors

On the Voltage Stability and Network Scalability of Onboard DC Microgrids for Hybrid Electric Aircraft

On the Voltage Stability and Network Scalability of Onboard DC Microgrids for Hybrid Electric Aircraft

The Effect of Converting a Conventional Tractor into a Hybrid Drive Tractor Using the ECMS Method on Fuel Consumption and Emissions

In recent years, the implementation of Tier 5 emission regulations for tractors has compelled manufacturers to conduct new research. Additionally, the process of hybridization has impacted the agricultural vehicle industry. This study focuses on the design and implementation of an energy management strategy (EMS) for a diesel–electric hybrid electric agricultural vehicle, based on real‐time optimization. Tractor drive systems, including both conventional and hybrid options, were introduced. Simulations were performed to compare fuel consumption and CO2 emissions between the two types of tractors. The data shows that hybrid vehicles produce 8.93% less CO2 than conventional vehicles. Furthermore, the fuel consumption of the tractor decreased from 1,880.2 to 1,712.5 g/km under hybrid operating conditions.

Intermittent control switch characteristics of triboelectric electric hybrid energy harvesting devices and power management circuits

Renewable energy sources such as wind, vibration, and water wave energy are widely available in everyday life, where there are also scenarios where multiple renewable energy sources coexist. If multiple...

Review of lithium-ion, fuel cell, sodium-beta, nickel-based and metal-air battery technologies used in electric vehicles

Interest in electric vehicles (EV) or hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) is increasing day by day. These vehicles have many advantages as they operate more efficiently and do not cause noise or environmental pollution compared with conventional vehicles. However, it has some disadvantages. For some, it is the most important trust issue. An important criterion is that the daily vehicle cannot go to a sufficient range. Therefore, vehicle designs and applications continue to be made with high energy and power distribution, low performance, and high efficiency ESSs using two or more energy storage systems (ESS). In addition, lithium-ion batteries are widely used in EVs and HEVs. Although they have high power and energy estimations, their high duration, short freezing life or service life, and insufficient efficiency are the guides for executing different alternative solutions. The aim of this article is to create a different perspective by including unusual battery types and fuel consumption technology known as clean energy sources. The Zero Emlu Battery Research (ZEBRA) battery, which is seen as a future technology in EVs and HEVs in this article, features such as the operating principle of the nickel-based battery structure (Nickel-Cadmium, Nickel-Iron, Nickel-Zinc), operating temperature ranges, cycle lifetimes, and service lives. In addition to the lithium-air battery, which is a metal-air battery technology and is seen as a source of hope with its high energy densities in the future, it is also included. Comparisons between these batteries were made, and their applicability in HEVs and EVs was examined.

Wireless Charging Techniques for New Energy Vehicles

Auto Wireless Billing is an easy and quick way to charge an electric or plug-in hybrid car. The car will be able to use wireless charging at any time, without having to connect to it. In extreme cold weather, the electric vehicles (EVs) will probably be buried in the snow and ice and will not be usable. But the wireless billing technique is able to satisfy the demand of all kinds of weather. Aside from recharging during idle mode, wireless charging also offers a potential for dynamic charging - enabling the car to be recharged as it travels. Once this technique is developed, it will be able to solve the problem of EV's running range. Therefore, it is possible to lower the load of EV, lower the cost of EV, and increase the quantity of EV. In this paper, various wireless charging technologies for EV are discussed and analyzed. Also, the optimization strategies will be given as future perspectives.

Can app notifications reduce charging hogging? An experiment with electric vehicle drivers

Electric vehicles (EVs) have the potential to contribute to urban environments’ sustainability. However, charging hogging (e.g., leave the vehicle attached at charging stations beyond full charge) can limit the EV market, generate issues for local authorities and electricity providers, and hinder the experience of drivers. This study investigated experimentally whether different app notifications (involving loyalty points, reserved parking, and social norm messages) can encourage drivers in the Netherlands to move their vehicle when fully charged, involving 703 EV drivers of a high-end car manufacturer. Logistic regressions showed that offering reserved parking and sending social norm notifications both increased the intention to move vehicles after charge, among both fully electric and plug-in hybrid vehicle drivers. For fully EV drivers, receiving loyalty points also increased the intention to move the vehicle. These findings indicate that providing reserved parking, sending social norm notifications and, partially, offering loyalty points, might be effective systems to reduce hogging.

Results and review of IASF-2023

On 18–19 October 2023, the annual International Automobile Scientific Forum (IASF-2023) “Ensuring Competitiveness of Russian Automotive Industry until 2035” took place, dedicated to the 105th anniversary of FSUE “NAMI”. The event format assumed both offline and online participation. The issues of providing technological sovereignty of the Russian automotive industry and development of the domestic component base, technical and technological developments in the field of innovative land vehicles and systems were discussed during the Forum. Within the Forum, an exhibition of technical achievements of FSUE “NAMI” and manufacturers of automotive vehicles and components was held dedicated to competitiveness of the Russian automotive industry. Components of electric, hybrid and intelligent vehicles, electronic control units, assemblies and aggregates of powertrains, electric traction vehicles and hybrid vehicles with additional power sources were also presented. There was a competition held in two categories: “Best Student Scientific Paper” and “Best Graduate Student and Young Specialist Scientific Paper”. 20 applications were filed for the competition from the educational, scientific and production companies and organizations.

Infinity-Horizon Cost-Based Controller for Reducing Fuel Cell Degradation and Hydrogen Consumption in Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Vehicles

Infinity-Horizon Cost-Based Controller for Reducing Fuel Cell Degradation and Hydrogen Consumption in Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Vehicles