Electric Energy Meter Research Articles

Research and Analysis on Evaluation Methods of Electrical Performance of Smart Energy Meters

Based on the technical specifications of smart meters, the electrical performance evaluation methods of single-phase smart meters are studied, and the accuracy, stability and safety of smart meters are analyzed and studied through specific data verification. Analysis the basic characteristics of the electrical performance of the smart energy meter, and evaluate the electrical performance based on the basic characteristics. Collect the specific working characteristic data of the intelligent electric energy meter, accurately measure the parameters of the intelligent electric energy meter, and analysis the electrical performance. Analysis the influence of the harmonic components of the power system on the measurement of the electric energy meter, study the power consumption of the smart electric energy meter, and the accuracy and stability of the operation.

Design of electric power remote meter reading system

Recording the electricity consumption of users is a monthly routine of the electric power department, which often requires a lot of material and manpower. Therefore, using new technical methods, with the help of automatic remote and local meter reading technology, to achieve the purpose of automatic meter reading to monitor the electric energy meter, work efficiency is improved, and the real automatic power management is realized, and the remote electric meter reading system becomes Alternative meter reading problem solutions for grid companies. This system can meet the remote data recording, collection and real-time monitoring functions of the user’s electric energy meter in the remote power meter reading system within a certain range.

Social Profit of Legal Metrology in the Brazilian Electricity Sector

In Brazil, despite of the undeniable importance of metrology in society, there is still no consensus as to the most effective way to “quantify” this statement. The aims of this study is to present a method to quantify the social impact caused by legal metrological control, focusing on voluntary verification and legal metrology expertise in electrical energy meter . In this sense, this article presents a model, developed exclusively for the public sector, with the objective of quantifying the return or economy in favor of society through National Legal Metrology System direct and indirect actions in the Brazilian electricity sector, considering the 2017 year. This model is an adaptation of Social Profit mode the “Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation – Embrapa”. . Only laboratories under the control of the Legal Metrology Board, through their delegated bodies, which perform or supervise voluntary checks and metrological examinations performed by the technicians of the Brazilian Network of Legal Metrology and Quality – RBMLQ, were considered. Next step, performance indicators were proposed and validated to obtain social profit. The data show that Inmetro’s actions enable a return to society of US$ 32 million for each US$ 1 million of investment in this activity, pointing to the effectiveness of the model in quantifying the social profit of the agency. In a more detailed analysis it was possible to evaluate a potential revenue recovery for the states, throughTaxes, of the order of US$ 400 million, if the actions of expertise and verification are intensified, pointing to a promising horizon of revenue increase for the Brazilian government through the fight against fraud. Preliminary analyzes show both the massive presence and extreme remoteness of the state are not the best management models to be adopted for the electricity sector. The study suggests, at first, a direct correlation of Inmetro intervention and participation actions in partnership with the private sector in the electricity sector and revenue recovery with reduction in the increase of electric bills. Thus, we infer that the presence of the state as regulator in this case can be effective if adapted to reality. Further studies, however, need to be done. Social profit proved to be effective for use in actions to improve public governance, another point to be explored further on.

Design and Research of Plug-in Strip for Field Verification of Electric Energy Meter

Design a special plug-in strip for on-site verification of electric energy meters, combined with a dedicated wiring backplane for non-stop meter replacement, to achieve non-stop meter replacement. On the basis of meeting the on-site verification work, design the special plug-in strip for verification, complete the selection of the materials of the special plug-in strip for verification, upgrade and improve the special plug strip for on-site verification of electric energy meters according to the requirements of safety, functionality, and durability. And open the mold trial production verification special plug-in sample. The special plug-in strip design for on-site verification of electric energy meters lays the foundation for realizing the replacement of electric meters without inductive power failure.

An Approach to Data Transmission Process Modelling in Automated Power Accounting Systems

An accurate accounting of electricity consumption is a relevant task for the improvement of energy efficiency both in industry and in housing and communal services. An important step in solving this task is the deployment of automated metering systems that allow obtaining analytical information required for development and adjustment of energy saving programs. The development of data transmission technologies over cellular networks has led to the widespread use of wireless channels for information exchange in automated energy control and monitoring systems. As both main and reserve communication channels, these systems can use technologies with channel switching (GSM CSD) and packet switching (GPRS). The choice of a particular data transmission technology in this case depends on a number of technical or economic factors. The aim of this work is the development of a conceptual model of the data transmission process in the automated energy consumption monitoring systems with direct connection of meters via GSM CSD and GPRS channels. For modeling the physical layer of the radio channel the model of signal propagation of Okamura-Hata was chosen. Calculation of call blocking probability is based on Erlang-B model. MIR C-01 and CET-4TM have been chosen as electric energy meters. In the work, the conceptual model of data transmission process in the monitoring system with GSM CSD and GPRS channels is offered, being a basis for its further mathematical formalization for the purpose of modelling of an information exchange between elements of the automated energy consumption monitoring system.

Reducing the energy consumption of the aerodynamic heating dryer

A promising direction in the development of drying plants in the technologies of processing fruit and berry raw materials is the use of aerodynamic heating dryers. They implement the principle of transformation of electrical energy consumed to drive a centrifugal fan into thermal energy due to mutual friction of air flows circulating in a closed chamber. In this case, the overwhelming part of the electrical energy supplied to the rotor is spent on overcoming aerodynamic losses in the flow path of the impeller and in the drying chamber. To reduce the energy consumption of the drying process by reducing the energy consumption for heating the drying agent in the drying chamber, it is proposed to utilize the heat of the spent drying agent by equipping the dryer with a combined heat exchanger. It combines a plate heat exchanger and a solar air collector. The aim of the study was to analyze the efficiency of using a combined heat exchanger to reduce the energy consumption of an aerodynamic dryer when drying apples. The operation of the drying plant was investigated with and without a combined heat exchanger. To record the parameters of the drying agent, the environment, and the consumption of electric energy, an eight-channel TRM-138 thermoregulator meter with thermal resistance sensors and an electric energy meter with current transformers were used. An eight-channel TRM-138 thermoregulator meter with thermal resistance sensors and an electric energy meter with current transformers was used to record the parameters of the drying agent, the environment, and the consumption of electric energy. The research results showed that the use of a combined heat exchanger made it possible to increase the temperature of the drying agent entering the drying chamber by an average of 20 ºС relative to the ambient air temperature. A more intensive increase in the temperature of the drying agent when using a combined heat exchanger made it possible to reduce the drying time by 3 hours. At the same time, electricity consumption decreased by 27.4%.

Research on Fault Diagnosis Method of Electric Energy Metering Equipment Based on Expert System

The realization of the full coverage of the smart meter and the metering automation terminal across the entire network brings great challenges to the operation and maintenance of the field. Aiming at the long-term problems of on-site failure operation and maintenance of the electric energy metering equipment, this paper combines the metering and collecting of failure types to analyse the main causes of equipment failure, based on the field topology structure for fault reasoning, and designs fault diagnosis and fault knowledge base as the core module for fault diagnosis. The expert system has been proved by practice that this method can effectively diagnose and solve the failure problem of the energy metering equipment, which is beneficial to realize the intelligentization of on-site fault diagnosis and improve the on-site maintenance efficiency of the energy metering equipment, and has practical reference value.

Reliability Analysis of Intelligent Electric Energy Meter under Fusion Model Illness Analysis Algorithm

This work is aimed at solving the morbidity problem of the smart meter fusion model and improve the measurement accuracy and reliability of the smart meter. Starting with the topology of the smart meter, the reason for the serious morbidity of the smart meter model is discussed. First, the basic process of power system state estimation of smart meters is introduced, and the concept of error analysis of smart meters is clarified. Then, the causes and mechanisms of the ill‐conditioned problems of the smart meter model are analyzed, and methods to reduce the morbidity of the smart meter calculation model are analyzed. Finally, a data optimization algorithm based on a greedy strategy and an improved Tikhonov regularization method is proposed. The model data is processed and optimized to reduce the morbidity of the smart meter measurement model. The results show that the analysis algorithm for reducing the morbidity error of the smart meter proposed in this study can effectively interfere with the morbidity of the smart meter calculation model. The processing effect shows that it can reduce the measurement error of the smart meter to about 5%, which is an order of magnitude lower than the error before processing, and the processing effect of the least square method is improved by more than 70%. From the perspective of processing speed, when the user number is between 50 and 100, the running time of the algorithm ranges between 1.5 and 3.5 s, which can be fully adapted to the actual situation and has strong practicability. In short, this study is helpful in improving the accuracy and reliability of smart meter calculations and provides a certain reference for related research.

Оцінювання точності вимірювання електричної енергії вузлом комерційного обліку

The method for evaluation of the electricity metering accuracy by a three-phase commercial accounting unit in a reduced load mode is proposed. The method enables to determine the incomplete calculating of electricity by one or several phases in the case of a decrease in the load level of current transformers to values at which the permissible error is not standardized for a given accuracy class, or the operation of the electric energy meter of a transformer connection is in the dead mode. This is typical during downtime of production equipment at night, on weekends and holidays, when only the territory lighting of the enterprise, video surveillance, burglar alarms etc. are functioning. The method makes it possible to evaluate the relationship between the measured value and the phase currents using a fuzzy function. The measured value is the relative deviation of the readings of the transformer connection meter from the actual energy values, which are estimated from the readings of the direct connection meter. To estimate the parameters of the approximating dependences for the boundary real functions, which determine such a fuzzy function, it is necessary: to obtain samples of the measured value for each measuring channel when the current of the corresponding phase changes within the limits that correspond to the reduced load mode; for each of the samples, using the theory of fuzzy sets, estimate the boundaries of fuzzy intervals characterizing the measurement result; the boundaries of the obtained fuzzy intervals for fixed values of currents of a certain phase are approximated by functions representing the sum of two exponentials, as a result of which fuzzy functions are obtained that characterize the accounting uncertainty for each phase; estimate the boundaries of the desired fuzzy function, which determines the uncertainty in the measurement of electricity in three phases, as the root of the sum of the corresponding boundaries squares of the fuzzy functions, which show the accounting uncertainties for each phase. It was found that in the reduced load mode the incomplete counting of active energy over one measuring channel of the transformer connection meter of accuracy class 0.5 S can reach 3 %. The use of the method will make it possible to improve the accuracy of financial calculations between suppliers and consumers of electricity.

A Comprehensive Method of Recovering Electricity Stealing Based on Data Mining

Aiming at the current situation that the current methods of recovering the stolen electricity often use manual analysis and estimation, which leads to unsatisfactory results, this paper proposes a comprehensive electricity recovery method based on data mining. First of all, it is determined for the stealing time and other relevant data. Then, for users who can calculate the correction coefficients, the correction coefficient method is used to analyze the electricity theft electricity, and the users who meet the requirements of the prediction algorithm are analyzed using the corresponding forecast algorithm time series or neural network. Finally, the remaining users use the calibrated capacity of the electric energy meter instead of the actual load to analyze the stolen electricity. Time series forecasting uses an improved ARIMA algorithm based on white noise to predict the stolen electricity. The neural network uses an improved BP neural network based on independent variables to predict the stolen electricity. The research results show that this method takes into account the characteristics of a single power-stealing user while taking into account the user’s periodicity. It can reasonably recover the electricity of power-stealing users and provides a new idea for power recovery.

Just how (in)efficient is my laser system? Identifying opportunities for theoretical and auxiliary energy optimization

In manufacturing, there is increasing recognition of the need to increase energy efficiency, both to reduce process cost and improve carbon footprint. In order to achieve this, it is necessary to understand how manufacturing systems use energy directly and indirectly. These types of analyses have been carried out at the process level for traditional machining processes, as well as at the factory level to understand macroenergy flows and bottlenecks. Other researchers have accomplished considerable energy optimization work for laser processing. However, the emphasis of this work has been on the optimization of the laser–material interaction. This focus has overlooked the whole system viewpoint and the significance of supporting equipment. Laser welding, using a 300 W fiber laser, was chosen as the subject for this study; first, due to its ubiquity in many high-value manufacturing industries and second due to its potential as a gateway into other manufacturing processes, such as directed energy deposition and additive manufacturing. In this paper, the initial work was to produce a framework for categorizing the process states and subsystems found in a standard or generic laser machine tool. An electrical energy meter was used to measure the energy consumption for individual subsystems when creating autogenous weld tracks in 316L stainless steel. Analysis of these data showed that the laser is only 18% of the total power consumption, the most significant being the water-cooling subsystem (37%). Reported here is a complete analysis of laser welding energy efficiency at a system level. This primary analysis of current equipment typical energy consumption can be used to identify future strategies for energy efficiency improvements beyond the direct laser interaction. By focusing on the most energy-inefficient parts of the system, the greatest potential for improvements to the carbon footprint of laser processing can be quantified.

Research on the hardware detection device of the IR46 intelligent IoT electric energy meter

Based on the characteristics and design concept of the IR46 intelligent IoT electric energy meter (hereinafter referred to as the IoT electric energy meter), from the perspective of verifying its design, practicability, and quality, a hardware detection device solution that satisfies the IoT electric energy meter is proposed. It satisfies its multi-core modular hardware detection requirements, can effectively guarantee the network access detection of IoT electric energy meters, improve detection efficiency, and reduce the difficulty of development of electric energy meter manufacturers. A reasonable hardware detection device solution is provided for the implementation of IR46 electric energy meters in China.

Power Quality Measurement and Active Harmonic Power in 25 kV 50 Hz AC Railway Systems

Railway electrical networks rated at 25 kV 50 Hz are characterised by significant levels of voltage and current harmonics. These frequency components are also time varying in nature due to the movement of trains and changing operational modes. Processing techniques used to evaluate harmonic results, although standardised, are not explicitly designed for railway applications, and the smoothing effect that the standard aggregation algorithms have on the measured results is significant. This paper analyses the application accuracy of standardised power quality (PQ) measurement algorithms, when used to measure and evaluate harmonics in railway electrical networks. A shorter aggregation time interval is proposed for railway power quality measurement instruments, which offers more accurate estimated results and improved tracking of time varying phenomena. Harmonic active power present in railway electrical networks is also evaluated in order to quantify the impact it has on the energy accumulated by electrical energy meters installed on-board trains. Analysis performed on 12 train journeys shows significant levels of non-fundamental active power developed for short periods of time. As an energy meter will inadvertently absorb the financial cost of non-fundamental energy produced by other trains or other external power flows, results are provided to support recommendations for future standards to measure only fundamental frequency energy within train energy measurement meters.

Experimental Study of Harmonic Influence on Electrical Energy Metering

The paper considers the influence of harmonics on the operating of electrical energy meters in a network with nonlinear loads. It is shown that electronic static meters of active energy are tested in the presence of distortions, and electronic static meters of reactive energy accuracy requirements do not take into account the possible presence of harmonics. It is revealed that the maximum influence on the error in active energy metering is exerted by the number of harmonics taken into account and their amplitude, and the error in reactive energy metering is additionally influenced by the phase angle at the fundamental and harmonic frequencies, which has been confirmed in laboratory conditions. Additionally, experimental studies of the capacitor bank’s influence on reactive energy metering has been carried out in the presence of nonlinear electrical loads. It is shown that when capacitor banks are connected, the error in reactive energy measurement and variation range of the phase shift angle of harmonics significantly increases. The assessment of the computational error of reactive power metering according to various equations were carried out based on the field measurements. If the voltage and current distortion values do not exceed the permissible values, the error can be estimated at, at most, 5–7%.

Study on the test method of rapid change of load current of intelligent electricity meters

With the continuous changes of the working environment of the electric energy meter, the dynamic detection method of the electric energy meter becomes more and more important. Therefore, in recent years, the IEC 62052-11 Standards Committee has proposed to add a rapid change test of electric energy meter load current. This article proposes an effective dynamic test method according to the requirements of this regulation standard, builds an electric energy meter dynamic error test platform and develops a software test system. An anti-submarine mechanism is proposed for the electric energy measurement algorithm of the smart meter, and the load current rapid change test of various electric energy meters from different manufacturers at home and abroad is tested, and the correctness of this test method is verified.

Design and Research of Sorting Device for Change Back Meter

Design and research a sorting device for dismantling electric energy meter. The gripping mechanism of the gripping electric energy meter is designed. By moving and rotating, multiple electric energy meters can be caught to different positions, and the sorting efficiency is improved. Set up a second line body to provide multiple blanking positions for placing different fault types to solve the problem of single sorting position. The lifting mechanism and the supporting plate are set, and the lifting and lowering mechanism of the lifting mechanism is controlled by the control system, so that the electric energy meters are equidistantly classified, the beat of the unloading is controlled, and the unloading requirements of the unloading robot are met.

Common fault Analysis and Countermeasures of key Components of intelligent electricity meter

In recent years, with the State Grid Corporation's vigorous construction of smart grids, smart meters have been rapidly promoted in the power system. After several years of online operation, the operating reliability of smart meters has also stabilized. However, in the process of widespread use of smart electric energy meters, the quality problems of clock chips, batteries and other components have also been exposed. This article takes the component failures encountered in the detection and operation of the smart electric energy meter as an example, analyzes the causes of the failures based on the four typical abnormal phenomena, and then conducts the opening detection for the above reasons and determines the nature of the failure based on the test conclusions. Finally, a corresponding fault management platform is established through the collection of electric energy meter fault data, which realizes all-round management and control of the fault handling process and selection of the qualifications of smart meter suppliers, thereby ensuring the quality of components and improving the operation of smart electric meters reliability.

An Evaluation and Diagnosis Model for the Operating Tempo of Electric Energy Meter Auto-verification Line System based on Fuzzy Inference

With long-term operation of the electric energy meter auto-verification line system, any change of the operating tempo in each link may cause the decrease of the overall system efficiency. Due to the characteristics that the operating tempo change is not easy to detect and the bottleneck in system is difficult to locate, this paper proposes to take operation time T1 and cycle time T2 of each link as the evaluation basis of operating tempo, according to the operation characteristic of the auto-verification line system and the feasibility of time node acquisition. By analysing the timeout reasons of each link’s single T1 and single T2, 3 indicators for evaluating operating tempo in each links are proposed. Based on fuzzy inference, the evaluation score for each link’s operating tempo is calculated with the input of 3 indicators. Furthermore, the score can be used to diagnose the bottleneck in the auto-verification line system. The evaluation and diagnosis model is verified by case analysis, it can evaluate actual operating tempo of the auto-verification line system effectively, diagnose the “bottleneck” which affects the operation efficiency of the system, and provide strong support to improve the efficiency.

Research on time-division analog multiplier for 50ppm reference electrical energy meter

Time-division analog multiplier is the measurement core of reference electrical energy meter. The measurement accuracy of time-division analog multiplier is improved by using signal conversion and phase lock technologies and symmetrical triangle wave generator. Signal conversion and phase-locked technology will be measured signal and triangle wave generator of time division multiplier correlation processing, to achieve triangle wave generator of time division power multiplier and measured signal full cycle synchronization. A symmetrical triangle wave generator with reference level accuracy is developed, which makes the measurement accuracy of time-division analog multiplier reached 20ppm and meet the measurement requirements of 50ppm reference electrical energy meter.

New generation single-phase charge-control intelligent electric energy meter based on remote interaction

The single-phase charge-control smart energy meter adopts the most advanced energy meter ASIC, microprocessor materials, non-volatile memory, permanently stored information, wide-screen LCD and other advanced technologies. A set of high-accuracy, wide-load, high-sensitivity, low-power-consumption, which is used for measuring the rated frequency of single-phase power grid 50 / 60Hz, in AC active energy meters. This single-phase electricity meter integrates multiple functions in one to realize active and active measures for energy to achieve remote real-time voltage, current, neutral current, power, power factor, and the use of remote systems to achieve sales of electricity users Pre-emptive prepayment. It can flexibly set various functions: free electricity consumption, fault alarm, automatic power off, record opening, automatic meter reading.