Leucinodes Orbonalis Research Articles

English

Brinjal shoot and fruit borer, Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee is a major pest. The frequent use of toxic chemical insecticides ultimately poses a problem due to pollution of the environment, health hazards, and adverse effects on beneficial organisms. Hence, the current researches looked into the efficacy of various botanicals against brinjal pests. This experiment was carried out to see how ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of grinded seeds of Ricinus communis, Abroma augusta, and Bombax ceiba affected the growth of brinjal shoots and fruit borers. Among the three plant extracts of ethyl acetate, 100% of R. communis and A. augusta extracts controlled 100% borers after 72 h of administration, 50 and 25% of R. communis extract controlled 100% borers after 72 and 96 h of administration. In the case of methanolic extracts, 100% of A. augusta extract controlled 100% borers after 72 h of administration, and 50 and 25% of R. communis extract controlled 100% borers after 72 and 84 h of treatment, respectively. When compared with the other two botanical extracts, R. communis seed extract performed the best against the pest attack. A. augusta and B. ceiba seed extract showed moderate efficacy against those pests. Key words: Crude extract, brinjal pest, insecticides, botanicals, pest control, ethyl acetate, methanol extracts.

Influence of Temperature Variation on Emamectin Benzoate Toxicity in Different Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee Populations of Punjab

In present study, larval populations of , collected from different regions of Punjab i.e. Amritsar, Kapurthala, Malerkotla, L. orbonalis Ludhiana were exposed to different concentrations of emamectin benzoate at 15, 20, 25 and 30°C for evaluation of LC values. The LC50 50 decreased from lower (15°C) to higher (30°C) temperature for all populations of The positive correlation was observed between L. orbonalis. the temperature coefficient and emamectin benzoate toxicity towards population of which increased with increase in temperature. L. orbonalis, The LC values varied among different populations of i.e. Amritsar populations with higher LC followed by Kapurthala, Malerkotla 50 50 L. orbonalis and Ludhiana populations. The temperature and insecticide exposure history affected the toxicity of emamectin benzoate toxicity for L. orbonalis. L. orbonalis The information would be helpful in developing management strategies for according to prevailing environment conditions.

Genetic variability and population structure of Leucinodes orbonalis (Guenée), a severe insect pest of brinjal in India

Aim: The present study was undertaken to provide valuable insights regarding population genetic structure of Leucinodes orbonalis from diverse agro-ecologies of India. Methodology: Molecular characterization of L. orbonalis populations collected from five major agro-climatic zones of India was carried out using mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene. Collected specimens were subjected to DNA extractions, partial PCR amplification and sequencing of the target gene, and multiple sequence alignments. Results: The results showed very less diversity in the nucleotide positions of the COI sequences of 79 studied specimens, with a low number of segregating sites (30), nucleotide diversity (0.00438) and overall mean genetic distance (0.004 ± 0.001). The significant negative values of neutrality tests and unimodal mismatch distribution supported the demographic expansion theory in Indian L. orbonalis. Analysis of the molecular variance revealed that 93.13% of the genetic variation was within populations, and the variation among populations was only 6.87%. The pairwise genetic differentiation was also found to be low to moderate between most of the populations. Multiple haplotypes were recorded from all the populations, and both neighbour-joining tree as well as the haplotype network showed that clustering of the haplotypes was independent of the geographical location. Interpretation: Thus, it can be inferred that Indian populations of L. orbonalis have very low genetic variation levels concerning the COI gene. There is a possible occurrence of stable inherited gene flow among populations, thereby reducing genetic variation in India.

Evaluation of Microbial Insecticides for the Management of Eggplant Shoot and Fruit Borer, Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee

Eggplant Shoot and Fruit Borer (ESFB), Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee, is an economically important pest in Bangladesh. Different toxic chemical insecticides are frequently applied in the field to control this notorious pest. In this study, we tested several non-toxic microbial insecticides for their efficacy against ESFB as well as marketable yield. Abamectin 1.2% + Emamectin benzoate 1%, Spinosad 45 SC and Bacillus thuringiensis var. Kurstaki 5% WP significantly prevents shoot infestation compare

Effect of Different Nethouses on the Incidence of Insect on Vegetable Crops

In this study, the effects of different types of nethouses viz., NH1, NH2, and NH3, were investigated at the research farm of the Olericulture Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI) from Sep 2021 to Mar 2022 and compared to control (open field) in terms of the incidence of white fly, aphid, leaf miners, mites, and eggplant shoot and fruit borer (ESFB). This study included six vegetables 1) Tomato, 2) Eggplant, 3) Sweet pepper, 4) Broccoli, 5) Cucumber; 6) Okra, as well as four nethouse treatments: 1) UV stabilized transparent polyethylene film with 60 mesh insect net along with green shade net (NH1); 2) UV stabilized transparent polyethylene film with 60 mesh insect net (NH2); 3) 60 mesh insect net (NH3); 4) Open field infestation of white fly, aphid, leaf miners, mites, and ESFB was observed under open field conditions followed by NH1 conditions, while the lower infestation was observed in NH2 and NH3 for all vegetables. From the study, we found the use of stabilized transparent polyethylene film with a 60 mesh insect nethouse provided a negative effect on the presence of different types of notorious insects on vegetables. So, this type of protected nethouse will provide a new dimension to producing safe and quality vegetables in Bangladesh.

Novel Molecules Targeted Control of Brinjal Shoot and Fruit Borer, Leucinodes orbonalis in Subtropical Conditions of Punjab (India)

Brinjal shoot and fruit borer, Leucinodes orbonalis (Guenee) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), is one of the most dreaded pests of brinal crop worldwide and the annual crop losses are estimated to the extent of around Rs. 2,000 crores. The trials were conducted to manage this pest at Entomological Research Farm, PAU, Ludhiana and at farmers fields of districts Ludhiana and Gurdaspur, Punjab during 2014–17. Different doses of chlorantraniliprole (18.5 SL) and emamectin benzoate (5 SG) were evaluated against brinjal shoot and fruit borer and compared with the existing recommended insecticide, triazophos (40 EC). The tested molecules were found highly effective against brinjal shoot and fruit borer and reduction in fruit infestation ranged from 53.2–84.1% after 10 days of 2nd spray. Similarly, the significant higher yields (313.1–325.5 q ha−1) were recorded in treated plot as compared to untreated control (307.3 q ha−1).

Toxicity of insecticides against brinjal shoot and fruit borer, Leucinodes orbonalis (Guenee) (Pyraustidae: Lepidoptera)

Toxicity of insecticides against brinjal shoot and fruit borer, Leucinodes orbonalis (Guenee) (Pyraustidae: Lepidoptera)

MANAGEMENT OF BRINJAL SHOOT AND FRUIT BORER USING EXCLUSION NETS

The brinjal shoot and fruit borer, Leucinodes orbonalis is one of the most serious pests of the brinjal crop in Bangladesh and causes damage up to 90% yield loss. It is very difficult to control. An experiment was conducted at the Entomology Field Laboratory, Department of Entomology, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh from December 2020 to April 2021 on the management of Brinjal Shoot and Fruit Borer (BSFB) using three colored exclusion nets, viz., white, blue, and yellow, along with an untreated control. Brinjal, specifically the Singnath variety, was used as an experimental crop. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (BCBD) with three replications of each treatment. The effectiveness of three exclusion nets was evaluated based on the following parameters: plant height (cm), number of healthy and infested shoots and fruit, percent protection of shoot and fruit over control, length and diameter of healthy and infested fruit, yield attributes, and benefit cost ratio (BCR). The results clearly indicated that these mentioned parameters were highly significant with the application of different colored exclusion nets. From the results, the white net showed the greatest reduction of shoot (50.51%) and fruit (65.58%) infestation over control, the highest percentage of shoot (20.55%) and fruit (25.92%) infestation, the minimum number of infested shoots (14.00) and fruits (28.54), plant height (46.34cm), and the maximum length (21.67cm) and diameter (10.07cm) of healthy fruit and returned the highest yield (24.55 t/ha), percentage increase of yield (56.70%) and benefit cost ratio (2.15) compared to other tested exclusion nets. And then, this result was followed by blue and yellow, respectively. Hence, white-colored net could be recommended as the best exclusion net for the sustainable management of BFSB in the field.

Efficacy of certain insecticides and biopesticides in the management of shoot and fruit borer [Leucinodes orbonalis (guenee)] on brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)

Efficacy of certain insecticides and biopesticides in the management of shoot and fruit borer [Leucinodes orbonalis (guenee)] on brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)

Effect of insecticides against shoot and fruit borer [Leucinodes orbonalis (guen.)] infesting brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)

Effect of insecticides against shoot and fruit borer [Leucinodes orbonalis (guen.)] infesting brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)

Biochemical basis of plant resistance in brinjal genotypes against shoot and fruit borer (Leucinodes orbonalis, Guenee)

The biochemical factors responsible for resistance in brinjal genotypes against shoot and fruit borer was investigated during kharif 2017-18 at college of Horticulture, Venkataramannagudem using sixty genotypes and three check cultivars. Among all the genotypes evaluated, IC 136061 registered lowest shoot infestation (9.01%) and fruit infestation (12.73%) due to the presence of high quantities of phenol, peroxidase, PAL in shoot (4.60 mg g-1, 6.62 units -1min-1g-1, 7.96 μmol -1 min -1 mg-1) and in fruit (5.31 mg g-1, 7.56 units -1min-1g-1, 8.26 μmol -1 min -1 mg-1) compared to Dommeru Local (Susceptible check-1) which received highest shoot infestation (34.99%), fruit infestation (46.77%) due to low phenol, peroxidase, PAL content in shoot (0.54 mg g-1, 1.62 units -1min-1g-1, 1.21 μmol -1 min -1 mg-1) and in fruit (0.61 mg g-1, 1.77 units -1min-1g-1, 1.43 μmol -1 min -1 mg-1). The brinjal genotypes IC 136061 with high phenol, peroxidase and PAL content in shoot-fruit could be used in breeding programmes for developing resistant cultivars against shoot and fruit borer.

Evaluation of botanicals against brinjal shoot and fruit borer (Leucinodes orbonalis) in vitro.

Evaluation of botanicals against brinjal shoot and fruit borer (Leucinodes orbonalis) in vitro.

Studies on biology and morphometrics of brinjal shoot and fruit borer (Leucinodes orbonalis)

Studies on biology and morphometrics of brinjal shoot and fruit borer (Leucinodes orbonalis)

Influence of abiotic and biotic factors on seasonal abundance of brinjal shoot and fruit borer, Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee

A field experiment was carried out to investigate the influence of abiotic and biotic factors on seasonal abundance of brinjal shoot and fruit borer in brinjal crop during Kharif season. The infestation of brinjal shoot and fruit borer on shoots of brinjal reached to its peak in the second week of September, whereas, infestation on fruits of brinjal reached to its peak in the third week of October during both the years. The infestation of L. orbonalis on brinjal shoots had significant positive correlation with maximum temperature during both the years. The total rainfall had non-significant correlation and significant negative correlation with infestation of L. orbonalis on brinjal shoot during 2019 and 2020, respectively. Whereas, the infestation of L. orbonalis on fruits of brinjal had significant positive correlation with maximum temperature during both the years. The fruit infestation had non-significant negative correlation with average relative humidity during 2019, while, and contrary to this it had significant negative correlation during 2020. The population of braconids had significant positive correlate with infestation caused by L. orbonalis during both the years.

Field efficacy of different biorationals and insecticides against brinjal shoot and fruit borer (Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee) under terai region of West Bengal

Field efficacy of different biorationals and insecticides against brinjal shoot and fruit borer (Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee) under terai region of West Bengal

Taxonomic revisionary study on economically important pest species of Spilomelinae [Crambidae: Lepidoptera] from Tamil Nadu, India

In the present study, economically most important, five pests species viz., Conogethes punctiferalis (Guenee, 1854) on castor, Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee, 1854 on brinjal; Diaphania indica (Saunders, 1851) on ashgourd and ribbedgourd; Maruca vitrata (Fabricius, 1787) on redgram and lablab; Haritalodes derogata (Fabricius, 1775) on cotton were recorded under the speciose subfamily Spilomelinae. Labial palpi of all species short, porrect or upturned and revealed presence of sexual dimorphism in labial palpi of L. orbonalis. Diaphania recognized structurally by the presence of a strong anal tuft of distinctly spatulate scales, present in both sexes though weakly developed in female. Male and female genitalia of the five different species were studied and described.

ROLE OF PLANT SECONDARY METABOLITES IN COMBATING PEST INDUCED STRESS IN BRINJAL (SOLANUM MELONGENA L.)

Brinjal or eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) is known as a vegetable of diet because it contains high moisture and low calorific value. It is also a good source of antioxidants and phytonutrients. Brinjal is widely grown in the South and South-East Asian countries and is the second most important vegetable in India. It belongs to the Solanaceae family. Shoot and fruit borer (Leucinodes orbonalis) pest of brinjal is the most widespread one and it has the ability to affect any of the developmental stages of brinjal. Plants and their insect herbivores have had a long and intimate evolutionary association that has resulted in many complex interactions mediated by specialized plant metabolites like phenolics, alkaloids, terpenoids, cyanogenic glycosides etc. Frequent and excessive use of insecticides has become a common practice now which only increases the probability of resistance development and resurgence of pest. Hence to develop an effective approach to combat this pest understanding of its feeding mechanism and chemistry of its interaction with the fruit is necessary. The importance of the secondary metabolites in the field of chemical biology and in pest management is discussed in this study.

Pest categorisation of Leucinodes orbonalis.

The EFSA Panel on Plant Health performed a pest categorisation of the eggplant fruit and shoot borer, Leucinodes orbonalis Guenée, (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), for the territory of the EU. L. orbonalis is a tropical and sub‐tropical species native to Asia and Australia with India considered its centre of origin. Following taxonomic revision, literature reporting L. orbonalis from sub‐Saharan Africa should be regarded as referring to members of a complex of other species of Leucinodes native to Africa and not as referring to L. orbonalis. L. orbonalis is not present in the EU and is not a regulated EU pest. L. orbonalis is a major pest of Solanum melongena (eggplant) in Asia where larvae feed within leaves, stems, shoots and fruits. Larvae can also feed on a range of other plants, mostly within Solanaceae although L. orbonalis is generally not reported as a pest of crops other than S. melongena. However, in recent years L. orbonalis has emerged as a pest of Solanum tuberosum in south‐west India. In tropical areas there can be 10 generations per year if conditions are suitable. L. orbonalis has been intercepted 350 times in the EU from a range of Asian countries on a range of produce, mostly larvae in fruits of S. melongena. Biotic factors (host availability) and abiotic factors (climate suitability) suggest that some small areas of the EU could be suitable for establishment. Adult L. orbonalis can fly and the species could spread within the EU. The introduction of L. orbonalis into the EU would have an economic impact, most likely on S. melongena production, the magnitude of which is uncertain. Measures are available to prevent the entry of L. orbonalis into the EU. L. orbonalis satisfies the criteria that are within the remit of EFSA to assess for this species to be regarded as a potential Union quarantine pest.

Efficacy of bio-rational pesticides for the management of Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee in Rupandehi, Nepal

The field experiment was conducted from March to June of 2017 in field conditions at the Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science (IAAS), Paklihawa Campus, Rupandehi, Nepal to evaluate the efficacy of botanicals, microbial, and chemical insecticide against Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee. We assessed seven treatments including control in randomized complete block design with four replications and two sprays. The treatments evaluated for the management of L. orbonalis were i) Jholmal, 250 ml/l of water ii) Beauveria bassiana (Daman), 4 g/l water iii) Abamectin 5 % (Biotrine), 0.5 ml/l of water iv) Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki (Mahastra), 4 g/l of water v) Emamectin benzoate (Cobra), 0.5 g/l of water vi) Azadirachtin 1500 ppm (Neem Kavach), 5 ml/l of water vii) Control (pure water application). All the treatments applied were found to be superior to the control. The results revealed that the lowest percentage of infested fruit i.e. 57.97% and 34.52% were found at 14 days after the first and second spray of Emamectin benzoate treatment respectively, as well as it was found to be significant over control in both sprays. The marketable yield of plot treated with Emamectin benzoate in eggplant was found to be the highest i.e.7.19 t/ha and 7.13 t/ha which was followed by Neem Kavach with the yield of 6.69 t/ha and 7.06 t/ha and that of control plots was 2.98 t/ha and 2.56 t/ha after first and second spray respectively. Further, our study concluded both marketable yield and Benefit-Cost (BC) ratio of brinjal fruit were the highest under the treatment of Emamectin benzoate followed by Jholmal and Neem Kavach. From this experiment, we concluded that Emamectin benzoate was the most effective treatment for the management of L. orbonalis while Jholmal and Neem Kavach proved to be the best alternative.

Influence of meteorological parameters on population build-up of brinjal shoot and fruit borer, Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee in Assam

Influence of meteorological parameters on population build-up of brinjal shoot and fruit borer, Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee in Assam