Early Detection Efforts Research Articles

Do the general public get cancer statistics?-a questionnaire survey in Japan.

The public does not always understand key information conveyed by epidemiologists and statisticians. The purpose of this study was to understand the level of public access to, trust in, and comprehension of, cancer statistics through a population-based survey in Japan. We used an online research method, requesting online responses to a 15-question questionnaire. The survey was sent to males and females aged 20years and older, selected by sex, age and prefecture to match the national population proportions shown in the latest census. The final number of valid responses was 10 477. The statistical analyses mainly used χ2 testing. Respondents were not frequently exposed to cancer statistics regardless of sex or age group, nor did they necessarily have confidence in the statistics. The increase of collected information and trust in cancer statistics was aligned with increasing age and cancer exposure. Respondents found Relative Risk and Relative Survival Rate easier to understand and more useful than the Standardized Incidence Ratio. In addition, those with cancer experience, higher income and were elderly gave more accurate responses when asked questions related to cancer incidence and probability of getting cancer. Our respondents showed limited familiarity with cancer statistical indicators. Enhanced awareness of indicators such as infographics and visual tools has the potential to enhance cancer visibility, thereby promoting public prevention and early detection efforts. Educating cancer patients about pertinent indicators can boost their confidence in managing their condition. Conversely, the introduction of indicators unrelated to the public should be discouraged.

Barriers to Timely Seeking of Breast Cancer Care Among Palestinian Women: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Examining the association of breast cancer (BC) symptom awareness with time to help seeking and exploring barriers to timely presentation may enhance the effectiveness of BC awareness campaigns and early detection efforts. This study aimed to assess the anticipated time for seeking medical advice when experiencing a potential BC symptom among women in Palestine and to identify their barriers to early presentation. A convenience sampling method was used to recruit adult women from hospitals, primary health care facilities, and public areas across 11 governorates in Palestine. A translated-into-Arabic version of the validated BC Awareness Measure was used. The questionnaire consisted of three sections: sociodemographic information, recognition of 13 BC symptoms and reporting time for seeking medical advice, and barriers to early presentation. A total of 5,257 questionnaires were included. The proportion of participants who would seek medical advice immediately varied on the basis of the nature of BC symptoms. For symptoms related to the breast, the proportion ranged from 25.7% for redness of the breast skin to 53.5% for a lump or thickening in the breast. For symptoms related to the nipple, the proportion ranged from 30.7% for nipple rash to 48.0% for discharge or bleeding from the nipple. Exhibiting good BC symptom awareness was associated with a higher likelihood of seeking medical advice within a week for all BC symptoms. Emotional barriers were the most frequently reported barriers. There was no association between increasing levels of BC awareness and reporting fewer or more barriers. The nature of BC symptoms had an impact on help-seeking behaviors. Participants with good BC symptom awareness were more likely to seek medical advice earlier.

Description of Endometrial Cancer Epidemiology at Sabratha National Cancer Institute, Western Libya: A 3-Year Data Analysis

Background: Endometrial cancer is the sixth most common cancer in women worldwide and the most frequent gynecological cancer in developed countries. Endometrial cancer mortality rates are high in low- and middle-income countries. Objectives: The current study aims to provide valuable insights into the epidemiology of endometrial cancer at Sabartha cancer institute over three-years periods, with the goal of identifying trends, risk factors, and potential areas for intervention. Methodology: This study is descriptive study, using data which were collected from the all primary endometrial cancers that were diagnosed or treated in the Sabratha National Cancer Institute,Western Libya. The data were collected by hospital cancer registry from 2020 to 2022. The demographic and clinical features of the patients were abstracted included registration number, age, parity, place of residence, family history, and past medical history. Descriptive statistics in form of percentage with 95% CI was used to explain distribution of cancer cases by study variables. The data was compared using Chi-Square using SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 26. Results: The results showed that over three years period, 82 confirmed cases of endometrial cancer were registered at Sabratha National Cancer Institute. The average age of cases was 57 years. Analysis of the cases by the age group showed that about 21% of cases were from 46-55years group while over 64% were aged above 50 years. Almost of cases (25%) came from Tripoli while only 6% came from Sabratha which is the place of cancer institute. Analysis of study results by parity showed that both nulliparous women and parous women ( > 6 child) represent almost more than 50% of endometrial cancer cases during study period. Also, analysis of study results by family history of endometrial cancer showed that only 14% of cases had family history of the cancer. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the findings of this 3-year data analysis on endometrial cancer epidemiology provide valuable insights into the trends and patterns of this disease. The study highlights the importance of continued surveillance and research to better understand the risk factors, incidence rates, and outcomes associated with endometrial cancer. This information can help inform public health strategies, early detection efforts, and treatment approaches to improve patient outcomes and reduce the burden of this disease. Further research is needed to explore potential interventions and preventive measures that can address the growing impact of endometrial cancer on global health.

Trends in incidence and survival of early-stage pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in the United States.

633 Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is associated with poor survival with nearly 80% mortality within the first year after diagnosis. There have been modest incremental improvements in survival over the last decade, however the reason for this improvement is unclear. The aim of this study is to evaluate the trends of diagnosis and survival in the last two decades using large public national databases. Methods: Incidence rates of PDAC between 2001 and 2020 (age-adjusted to the 2000 US standard population) were evaluated in the United States Cancer Statistics (USCS) database, representing approximately 98% of the US population. The data was analyzed with SEER*Stat using Joinpoint regression. A survival analysis was subsequently conducted using the American College of Surgeons’ (ACS) National Cancer Database (NCDB), of PDAC cases diagnosed between 2004 and 2015.Survival outcomes were stratified by AJCC stage. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were generated, and log-rank tests were conducted to assess differences in survival between stages. Cox proportional hazards model was employed to estimate hazard ratios and adjust for potential confounders. The analysis was performed with IBM SPSS 24. Results: From 2001 to 2020, the age-adjusted incidence rate of early-stage PDAC increased from 1.1 to 2.8 (per 100,000 person-years), while locally advanced PDAC increased from 3.6 to 4.3, and from 6.4 to 7.7 for metastatic PDAC (all p<0.01). The Annual Percent Change (APC) was 5.7 for Early-Stage PDAC (95% CI 5.1-6.4), 1.4 for locally advanced (95% CI 0.8-1.9), and 0.8 for Metastatic PDAC (95% CI 0.6-1.1). The incidence rate ratio (IRR) almost doubled for early-stage PDAC, increasing from 0.10 to 0.19. Conversely, for metastatic and locally advanced stages, the IRR decreased from 0.58 to 0.52 and 0.32 to 0.29, respectively. Survival analysis revealed 5-year overall survival rates of 74%, 69%, 57%, and 33% for stages 0, IA, IB, and IIA, respectively, with an overall improvement from 2004 to 2015. This increase was consistent among all age groups, genders, and races. Stages IA and IB demonstrated larger increases 45.9% and 56.6%, respectively (IA: 47% in 2004 to 75% in 2015; IB: 38% in 2004 to 68% in 2015). Conclusions: This study highlights a marked increase in the incidence of early-stage PDAC, surpassing the overall incidence increase, suggesting improving diagnostic capabilities over the last two decades. Furthermore, the substantial improvement in 5-year survival rates for stages IA and IB indicates progress in the management of early-stage PDAC. These findings emphasize the importance of continued efforts in early detection and treatment strategies for PDAC.

Role of Early Psychosis Detection in the Relationship Between Personal Income and Duration of Untreated Psychosis.

Prolonged duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) predicts poor outcomes of first-episode psychosis (FEP) and is often linked to low socioeconomic status (SES). The authors sought to determine whether patients' personal income, used as a proxy for SES, predicts length of DUP and whether personal income influences the effect of an early psychosis detection campaign-called Mindmap-on DUP reduction. Data were drawn from a trial that compared the effectiveness of early detection in reducing DUP across the catchment area of an FEP service (N=147 participants) compared with an FEP service with no early detection (N=75 participants). Hierarchical regression was used to determine whether personal income predicted DUP when analyses controlled for effects of age, race, and exposure to early psychosis detection. A group × personal income interaction term was used to assess whether the DUP difference between the early detection and control groups differed by personal income. Lower personal income was significantly associated with younger age, fewer years of education, Black race, and longer DUP. Personal income predicted DUP beyond the effects of age, race, and early psychosis detection. Although Mindmap significantly reduced DUP across all income levels, this effect was smaller for participants reporting lower personal income. Patients' personal income may be an important indicator of disparity in access to specialty care clinics across a wide range of settings. Early detection efforts should measure and target personal income and other SES indicators to improve access for all individuals who may benefit from FEP services.

Prevalence of enterobacteria producing carbapenemases and BLSE in the adult resuscitation environment at Hassan ii hospital in Fes

Enterobacteriaceae producing carbapenemases (EPCs) and extended-spectrum betalactamases (E-BLSEs) are an emerging threat. The aim of this study is to specify the epidemiological profile of E-BLSEs and EPCs, determine their prevalence in patients hospitalized in the adult intensive care unit of the CHU Hassan II hospital center, and describe their current antibiotic resistance profile for better patient management based on local data. Our study is retrospective, carried out at the microbiology laboratory of CHU HASSAN II in Fez over a one-year period from January 1, 2022 to December 31, 2022, and concerns all E-BLSE and EPC strains isolated from all urine, pus, blood cultures and respiratory samples taken from adult intensive care units at CHU Hassan II in Fez. Of the 1,792 bacteriological samples processed during this period, 352 were positive for Gram-negative bacilli (GNB), including 71 BMR, giving an overall prevalence of 20.17%. During our study, we retained 71 BMR, including carbapenemase-producing enterobacteria with 30.98% of cases (22 strains) and 49 strains of E-BLSE B (64.01%). The overall prevalence of EPCs among enterobacteria was 6.25%. The blaOX-48 gene predominated at (45.45%), followed by bla-NDM a (31.81%).and finally the two genes with a (22.72%). The overall prevalence of E-BLSE was 14%. Among these E-BLSE, Escherichia coli constituted the majority (59.18%) of isolates, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae with a rate of (32.65%). Then Enterobacter cloacae with a rate of (8.16%). All EPC enterobacteria isolated showed resistance to quinolones. However, the sensitivity of our strains to amikacin was 98%, while colistin showed a sensitivity rate of 100%. This study has shown that the prevalence of EBLSE and EPC in the adult intensive care setting is significant. We need to continue our efforts in early detection of these BMRs in hospitals to control their spread both in the hospital environment and in the community.

Analisis Cara Kerja Sistem Deteksi Infeksi Worm Pada Komputer

Worms are a type of malware that has the ability to develop and spread automatically to other computers on a network without human interaction. This fast and undetectable infection capability makes worms a serious threat in the world of computer security. This research aims to explore the mechanisms and behavior of worm infection systems on computers. This study involves an in-depth analysis of the functions and methods used by worms to enter, infect, and exploit target computers. This researchalso explain how worms can cause damage to computer systems, steal confidential information, or even create botnet networks to carry out large-scale attacks. Research methods include collecting data from existing worm detection systems, analyzing system logs that occur, as well as simulations to understand how worms work in various scenarios. In addition, this research also consider protection and prevention techniques that can be used to protect computers and networks from worm attacks. Based on observations and experiments, the results of this research can be concluded that the worm infection system spreads through computers connected to the network or through other media on the network and does not require a certain moment to be a trigger to infect the target. It is hoped that the results of this research provide an in-depth understanding of worm infection systems on computers, allowing researchers and computer security practitioners to develop more effective protection strategies. Prevention and early detection efforts will be key in dealing with the growing threat from worms and similar types ofmalware.

Current Advances in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Sickle Cell Anaemia

Sickle cell anemia (SCA) presents a complex challenge globally due to its significant morbidity and mortality. Recent advancements in diagnostic tools and treatment modalities have revolutionized the management of this hereditary hemoglobin disorder. This paper aims to synthesize current breakthroughs in the diagnosis and treatment of sickle cell anemia. Diagnostic techniques including genetic testing, hemoglobin electrophoresis, and advanced imaging methodologies are explored, providing insights into their accuracy and clinical applicability. Moreover, novel therapeutic approaches such as gene editing, fetal hemoglobin induction, and targeted therapies are discussed for their potential in ameliorating SCA-related complications and improving patient outcomes. The paper also assesses the challenges and future prospects in the field, emphasizing the need for comprehensive strategies that encompass early detection, personalized interventions, and ongoing research efforts. Understanding these recent strides in both diagnostics and therapeutics is pivotal in enhancing the care and prognosis of individuals afflicted with sickle cell anemia. Keywords: sickle cell anaemia, anaemia, treatment, diagnosis

Abstract B148: Colorectal cancer screening uptake and test use for individuals with diabetes in the U.S.: Implications for health equity

Abstract Purpose: Individuals with diabetes mellitus have an estimated 27% elevated risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC) and are disproportionately from health disparities populations. This study examined associations of race and ethnicity and CRC screening uptake and CRC test type used among individuals with diabetes to identify factors to consider in targeting CRC screening efforts to promote health equity. Methods: Merged Medical Expenditures Panel Survey Household Component (2012-2018) and National Health Interview Survey data sets were used to identify individuals with diabetes (non-Hispanic White (NHW) n=223,046; Hispanic n=54,791; Non-Hispanic Black (NHB) n=54,791). The main outcomes were self-reported up-to-date CRC screening based on United States Preventive Services Taskforce guidelines and screening test used (i.e., blood-stool test or direct visualization). The main independent variable of interest was race and ethnicity. Logistic regression models included socio-demographic and health-related co-variates. Results: Among individuals with diabetes 62.6% reported being up-to-date (UTD) with CRC screening, among the screened 5.8% used blood stool tests only and 56.8% used direct visualization tests. In the final logistic model comparing relative risk of UTD screening to being unscreened, NHBs were more likely to be UTD for CRC screening [RR: 1.3, 95% CI: 1.13-1.53, p=0.001] compared to NHWs. Individuals with no high school degree [RR: 0.8, 95% CI: 0.65-0.99, p=0.3] were less likely to be UTD compared to college educated individuals. Individuals receiving recommended diabetes care were less likely to be unscreened [RR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.76-0.94, p=0.002]. Among screened individuals, race and ethnicity were insignificant in final models. Low-income individuals were less likely to be screened with direct visualization [RR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.55-0.97, p=0.03] compared to high-income individuals. Overweight individuals (BMI 26-29) were less likely to be screened with direct visualization [RR:0.75, 95% CI:0.57-0.99, p=0.41] compared to individuals with BMI ≤25. Individuals with five or more comorbidities were more likely to be screened using direct visualization [RR: 3.45, 95% CI: 1.86, 6.43, p<0.001] compared to individuals with 1-2 comorbidities. Conclusions: Among individuals with diabetes, social determinants and health factors associated with UTD and testing type differed. Race, education, and diabetes care quality were determinants of receipt of any UTD CRC testing. Among those screened, lower income and overweight individuals were more likely to use stool-based testing and those with greater comorbidity burdens were more likely to be screened with direct visualization. Efforts to improve CRC screening for patients with diabetes, specifically those in the primary care safety-net, should consider these factors when tailoring CRC prevention and early detection efforts. Citation Format: Denalee M. O'Malley, Pamela Ohman-Strickland, Tracy Andrews, Cilgy Abraham, Benjamin F. Crabtree, Shawna V. Hudson, Anita Y. Kinney. Colorectal cancer screening uptake and test use for individuals with diabetes in the U.S.: Implications for health equity [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 16th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2023 Sep 29-Oct 2;Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023;32(12 Suppl):Abstract nr B148.

Changes in cognitive functioning by a multifactorial intervention to prevent dementia‐The Japan‐Multimodal Intervention Trial for Prevention of Dementia PRIME Tamba‐

AbstractBackgroundMany efforts for early detection and prevention of cognitive decline have been reported. In this study, we examined the changes in possible Nou‐KNOW (Cognigram by Cogstate; Japanese version Cognigram) after an 18‐month multifactorial intervention to prevent dementia in cognitively normal elderly subjects living in areas at risk for dementia.MethodThe Japan‐Multimodal Intervention Trial for Prevention of Dementia PRIME Tamba (J‐MINT), a randomized controlled trial to prevent cognitive decline in cognitively normal older people living in areas at risk of dementia, was conducted. PRIME Tamba), a randomized controlled trial to prevent cognitive decline. 203 participants (male: 57 participants, mean age: 73.86±4.84, mean MMSE score: 28.65±1.36) were randomly assigned to the intervention group (101 participants) or the control group (102 participants). The intervention group received 90 minutes of group‐based physical exercise once a week, cognitive training, nutritional counseling, and vascular risk factor management for 18 months (78 sessions in total). Reaction speed, attention, visual learning, and attentional scores were measured twice (Baseline and 18 months after intervention) by the Nou‐KNOW. Statistical analyses were conducted using a general linear mixed‐effects model with a significance level of less than 5%.ResultThere was a statistically significant difference in the Reaction time score (intervention group vs. control group; 101.62 ± 7.07 vs. 98.63 ± 9.75, p<0.01) and Attention score (100.19 ± 7.19 vs. 98.16 ± 7.56, p = 0.02) in the Cognigram at the 18‐month measurement in the intervention group. On the other hand, no statistically significant differences were found in the Visual memory score (100.26±13.26 vs. 98.63±13.71, p = 0.89) and Working memory score (98.99 ± 8.13 vs. 96.71 ± 7.39, p = 0.29).ConclusionAn 18‐month multifactorial intervention to prevent dementia in cognitively normal older adults living in areas at risk for dementia was suggested to improve reaction time and attention.

Developing a Novel Non-invasive Serum-based Diagnostic Test for Early Detection of Colorectal Cancer

Abstract Introduction/Objective Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third-most common cancer worldwide, and early detection is vital for successful treatment and improved outcomes. Current screening methods such as colonoscopy, fecal occult blood tests, and stool DNA tests have limitations such as patient discomfort, cost, and low sensitivity and specificity most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide with a high mortality rate. Early detection remains a crucial factor in reducing the burden of CRC. Currently, the gold standard for CRC diagnosis is colonoscopy, but it may not be feasible for widespread screening due to its invasiveness, cost, and patient compliance issues. Therefore, there is a great need to identify reliable biomarkers that can detect CRC at an early stage. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of updated novel biomarkers for early detection of CRC. Methods/Case Report This study was conducted on 158 patients with suspected or confirmed CRC. The study population included patients of both genders, aged above 18 years, and with a history of CRC or other relevant risk factors. Blood samples were collected from all included patients, and the biomarkers (CTCS, miRNAs, ctDNA, and Methylated DNA markers ) were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests. Novel biomarkers compared their diagnostic performance with existing biomarkers such as fecal occult blood tests (FOBTs), fecal immunochemical tests (FITs), and CEA. Results (if a Case Study enter NA) The studied biomarkers (CTCs, microRNAs, ctDNA, and Methylated DNA markers) have high sensitivity from 78.8 % to 96.72% and accuracy from 83.76% to 94.83% as well as their cut-off which approved the objective of this study. Overall, these novel biomarkers show promise for early detection of colorectal cancer and may improve screening and early detection efforts. Conclusion The evaluation of the studied biomarkers (Circulating Tumor Cells, microRNAs, Circulating tumor DNA, and Methylated DNA markers) for early detection of CRC has substantial clinical and public health implications. The identification of reliable biomarkers for CRC screening can avoid unnecessary colonoscopies, reduce the burden on healthcare costs, and improve the detection of early-stage CRC.

LITERATURE REVIEW OF BULLYING ASSESSMENT : A CRITICAL REVIEW OF THE INVENTORY OF BULLYING SCALE IN SCHOOLS

Bullying is still a serious problem in Indonesia. The impact of bullying on its victims is very real. Meanwhile, on average, educators, especially guidance counselors, education staff, and parents only become aware of bullying after it has happened. If early detection efforts are made, the case can be anticipated earlier. This is because there are no measurement instruments that can assist the counseling teacher in detecting cases of bullying that occur easily and on a large scale. So it is necessary to digitize the bullying scale instrument. Instruments in the form of self-reports are the most commonly used method in collecting data to assess bullying phenomena. This method has several advantages. The Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire (OBVQ) is one of the most widely used instruments to measure the prevalence of bullying worldwide. This questionnaire provides students with a clear definition of bullying that includes three important characteristics: (1) intent to harm others; (2) repetitive behavior; and (3) the power imbalance between victims and perpetrators. The OBVQ can be adapted into a bullying scale inventory that is appropriate to the conditions and culture in Indonesia so that it can be used to detect bullying phenomena that occur in Indonesian youth, especially at school.

Seroepidemiological investigation of Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever virus in livestock in Uganda, 2017.

Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is an important zoonotic disease transmitted to humans both by tick vectors and contact with fluids from an infected animal or human. Although animals are not symptomatic when infected, they are the main source of human infection. Uganda has reported sporadic human outbreaks of CCHF in various parts of the country since 2013. We designed a nationwide epidemiological study to investigate the burden of CCHF in livestock. A total of 3181 animals were sampled; 1732 cattle (54.4%), 1091 goats (34.3%), and 358 sheep (11.3%) resulting in overall livestock seropositivity of IgG antibodies against CCHF virus (CCHFV) of 31.4% (999/3181). Seropositivity in cattle was 16.9% and in sheep and goats was 48.8%. Adult and juvenile animals had higher seropositivity compared to recently born animals, and seropositivity was higher in female animals (33.5%) compared to male animals (24.1%). Local breeds had higher (36.8%) compared to exotic (2.8%) and cross breeds (19.3%). Animals that had a history of abortion or stillbirth had higher seropositivity compared to those without a history of abortion or stillbirth. CCHFV seropositivity appeared to be generally higher in northern districts of the country, though spatial trends among sampled districts were not examined. A multivariate regression analysis using a generalized linear mixed model showed that animal species, age, sex, region, and elevation were all significantly associated with CCHFV seropositivity after adjusting for the effects of other model predictors. This study shows that CCHFV is actively circulating in Uganda, posing a serious risk for human infection. The results from this study can be used to help target surveillance efforts for early case detection in animals and limit subsequent spillover into humans.

Case history factors and audiological screening outcomes in HEU and HIV unexposed neonates at a district level hospital in Gauteng, South Africa

While progress has been made in reducing vertical Mother to Child Transmission (MTCT) of HIV, limited research exists on the health needs of HIV-exposed uninfected (HEU) neonates, particularly in the field of audiology. This lack of research and evidence could impact early detection and intervention efforts. This study aimed to establish relationships and compare outcomes between case history factors and audiological screening results in HEU and HIV-unexposed neonates at a district-level hospital in Gauteng, South Africa. A non-experimental quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional, comparative research design was employed. Data was collected with a sample size of 212 participants (100 HEU, 112 HIV-unexposed neonates) recruited using quota sampling. The hearing screening process involved case history assessment, medical file review, otoscopy, tympanometry testing, Distortion Product Evoked Otoacoustic Emissions (DPOAE), and Automated Auditory Brainstem Response (AABR) measurements. Descriptive and inferential statistics, including measures of central tendency and parametric tests, were used for data analysis. The findings indicated that 43% of HEU neonates exhibited refer findings on DPOAE, and 43% on AABR, compared to 26% and 25% respectively in the HIV-unexposed neonatal group. Therefore, a statistically significant relationship was established when comparing audiological results between the HEU and HIV-unexposed groups. Case history factors such as mode of delivery, birth weight, and Apgar scores were not associated with hearing loss in either group. However, in the HEU group, a higher proportion of participants referred on the overall screening in the maternal Retroviral Disease (RVD) stage IV group, although statistical significance was not established. This study fills an evidence gap regarding HEU neonates and highlights the need to include this vulnerable population in policy and clinical guidelines related to early hearing detection, intervention, and preventive audiology initiatives.

2 Computerized Cognitive Practice Effects in Relation to Amyloid and Tau in Preclinical Alzheimer's Disease: Results from a Multi-Site Cohort

AbstractObjective:There is a need to identify scalable cognitive paradigms that are sensitive enough to relate to Alzheimer's disease biomarkers (amyloid and tau) in the preclinical stage. Here, we determine whether initial performance and practice effects on the memory-focused Computerized Cognitive Composite (C3) relate to demographic variables, amyloid status [abnormal (A+), normal (A-)], and regional tau in clinically unimpaired (CU) older adults.Participants and Methods:We examined pre-randomization data from CU older adults screened for the Anti-Amyloid Treatment in Asymptomatic Alzheimer's Disease (A4) study. We focused on participants who completed the C3 (n=3287), most of whom completed an alternate version of the C3 again approximately 51 days later (n=4141), as well as a subset of preclinical AD participants (i.e., A+ CU) who completed the C3 and tau PET imaging with [18]F-flortaucipir (initial C3: n=354; repeat C3: n=343). C3 initial performance and practice effects were examined in relation to amyloid status (A+, A-) and continuous regional tau burden.Results:Initial C3 performance was associated with amyloid status [B(SE) = -0.075 (0.021), p < 0.001] across all participants, as well as tau burden in the medial temporal lobe (MTL) [B (SE) = -0.728 (0.220), p = 0.001], inferior temporal (IT) cortex [B (SE) = -0.782 (0.264), p = 0.003], and inferior parietal (IP) cortex [B (SE) = -0.721 (0.281), p = 0.011] amongst preclinical AD individuals. Short-term practice effects were also associated with reduced tau burden in MTL [B (SE) = -0.471 (0.202), p = 0.020], IT [B (SE) = -0.640 (0.240), p = 0.008], and IP [B( SE) = - 0.584 (0.255), p = 0.023] amongst preclinical AD participants, but were not associated with amyloid status [B (SE) = -0.018 (0.020), p = 0.348]. Critically, these effects with tau were only detected when baseline performance was accounted for presumably due to opposing influence from both practice effects and regression to the mean effects.Conclusions:This is the first study to show that performance on a brief cognitive battery administered in a multisite context is associated with both amyloid and tau among CU older adults. These findings suggest that computerized assessments may be a cost-effective and scalable approach for early detection efforts. Further, diminished practice effects on memory-based measures are associated with elevated tau burden in preclinical AD, suggesting that high-frequency cognitive testing collected over a short follow-up period may provide additional insights regarding early disease processes than single assessments.

Early Warning Score System (EWSS) Impelmentation Factors by Nurses as Early Detection Efforts Worsening of Covid-19 Patients in the Treatment Room

Aims: One way to overcome the Covid-19 outbreak is by intra-hospital management. Fast and accurate management is needed to prevent complications and death in Covid-19. Early detection efforts to detect worsening of Covid-19 patients greatly help prevent more severe complications and death. This study aims to determine the factors of implementing the patient's EWSS in an effort to detect the worsening of Covid-19 in the treatment room at one of the hospitals in East Jakarta. Methods: The research uses descriptive analytic method with a cross sectional approach. Respondents are nurses who are experienced in treating Covid-19 patients in the treatment room with a total of 121 respondents. Bivariate data analysis used the Somers'd test, multiple ordinal regression multivariate test and partial Wald test. Result: Two factors were found that were significantly related to the implementation of EWSS in Covid-19 patients in the treatment room at the hospital, namely the level of knowledge and nurse compliance. Conclusion: This study recommends efforts to increase nurses' knowledge and compliance regarding the implementation of EWSS for Covid-19 patients through regular training, workshops and good supervision.

Running rampant: the alien ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) of Cyprus

Biological invasions are considered a major driver of biodiversity loss, particularly on islands. Invasive alien ants can often have severe consequences on native biodiversity. Here, we review published and new information on alien ant species found on the Mediterranean island of Cyprus, a biodiversity hotspot. Our checklist of alien ants of Cyprus includes a total of 17 species, of which nine are reported from Cyprus for the first time (*): Camponotus cf. vitiosus Smith, Cardiocondyla mauritanica Forel, 1890, Cardiocondyla obscurior Wheeler, W.M., 1929*, Hypoponera punctatissima (Roger, 1859)*, Monomorium bicolor Emery, 1877, Nylanderia jaegerskioeldi (Mayr, 1904), Paratrechina longicornis (Latreille, 1802), Pheidole fadli Sharaf, 2007*, Pheidole indica Mayr, 1879, Solenopsis sp. (thief ant)*, Tetramorium bicarinatum (Nylander, 1846)*, Tetramorium caldarium (Roger, 1857)*, Tetramorium immigrans Santschi, 1927*, Tetramorium lanuginosum Mayr, 1870*, Trichomyrmex destructor (Jerdon, 1851), Trichomyrmex mayri (Forel, 1902)*, and Wasmannia auropunctata (Roger, 1863). We did not include three previously reported alien species for which we could not find supporting specimens [Monomorium pharaonis (Linnaeus, 1758), Nylanderia vividula (Nylander, 1846), Solenopsis geminata (Fabricius, 1804)], one based on a previous misidentification [Cardiocondyla nuda (Mayr, 1866)], and two species now considered native to Cyprus [Hypoponera eduardi (Forel, 1894), Monomorium subopacum (F. Smith, 1858)]. Literature records, specimens from field surveys and museum collections, the geographic origin of species, occupied habitats in Cyprus, and notes on invasiveness (spread and impact) are presented for each species. An identification key to distinguish alien from native ant species in Cyprus is provided, including widespread alien ants not yet known from Cyprus in order to support early detection, monitoring, and management efforts.

A - 33 Clock Drawing Performance Differences in World Trade Center Responders at Midlife.

World Trade Center (WTC) responders demonstrate elevated risk for cognitive impairment (CI) consistent with Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias (ADRD). Neuropsychological test performance is valuable in early detection efforts and non-invasive longitudinal tracking of populations at risk of ADRD. We hypothesized that WTC-CI would be associated with a greater number of errors on the clock drawing task (CDT). The CDT was administered to responders with/without CI who participated in a case/control study. WTC-CI was diagnosed following NIA-AA guidelines for diagnosing early-onset ADRD (ages <66years). CDT performance was evaluated using subsets of clock errors derived from four existing variations in CDT evaluation measuring the number of errors. An ANOVA was conducted to compare mean differences in clock characteristics. From 99 participants, responders with CI (n = 50, Mage = 55.82) had more errors when compared to responders without CI (n = 49, Mage = 55.94) in the following CDT components: contour (p = 0.006), hands (p < 0.001), hands similarity (p = 0.005), moderate graphical errors (p = 0.042), left-side number crowding (p = 0.038), time incorrectness (p < 0.001), and extra marks on clock face (p = 0.006). In this study, we demonstrated that CDT performance decline is associated with WTC-CI. CDT can be used as a non-invasive investigative tool that can track cognitive performance longitudinally, which can better aid in the early detection, monitoring, and intervention strategies when dealing with the emergence of encephalopathy in high-risk ADRD populations, such as the WTC cohort. Future research should evaluate additional measures that can address other comorbid issues that can arise in such populations, such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

Screening And Education For Prevention Of Cervical Cancer At Kupu Health Center, Tegal District

Cervical cancer, or what is often referred to as cervical cancer, is one of the most common types of cancer in the gynecological cancer category throughout the world. Education about cervical cancer and the implementation of VIA examinations have a very important role in increasing public awareness of the importance of maintaining cervical health and encouraging early detection of cervical cancer disorders. This outreach activity provides accurate information about cervical cancer, how important it is to maintain cervical health, as well as factors that can influence the risk of developing cervical cancer. In addition, examination using the IVA method makes it possible to carry out an objective evaluation of the condition of each individual's cervix. By increasing public knowledge and understanding of the importance of cervical health, it can encourage the implementation of appropriate preventive measures, such as undergoing regular VIA examinations, avoiding risk factors that can increase the risk of cervical cancer, and supporting early detection efforts. Early detection of cervical cancer through IVA examination allows early identification of cervical disease, so that treatment can be started early to control and slow the progression of the disease. VIA counseling and examination in the context of cervical cancer prevention is a long-term investment in improving people's quality of life and reducing the burden of cervical cancer in society as a whole.

Age-related peculiarities of the symptom complex of the increased risk of primary hyperparathyroidism development

Objective — to analyze the peculiarities of the structure of non‑specific complaints in groups aged ≤50 years and &gt;50 years with application of the questionnaire for early detection of individuals at increased risk of the primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) development. The questionnaire was developed by specialists of the Danylevsky Institute of Problems of Endocrine Pathology, NAMS of Ukraine.&#x0D; Materials and methods. The analysis was performed on the data of questionnaire survey of 50 patients who were examined for PHPT in the years 2020—2021. The control group consisted of patients with thyropathology who applied for medical assistance to the clinical units of the Danylevsky Institute of Problems of Endocrine Pathology. The frequency of each complaint, included in the questionnaire, was determined in the subgroups aged ≤50 years and &gt;50 years. The factors, presented against the PHPT background and associated with the development of this pathology have been established. Statistical processing of the obtained data was carried out by the methods of variational statistics using the standard package of statistical calculations Microsoft Excel and Statistica 6.0. The probability of differences in mean values was determined by the Student’s t test.&#x0D; Results. Identifying the features of the symptom complex associated with an increased risk of PHPT development in different age periods, made it possible to determine the set of factors that are the most dangerous for the development of PHPT, including: the presence of relatives with diseases related to calcium metabolism disorders, deterioration of memory, attention, pain in bones and joints, chronic pain in the upper and lower limbs, chronic pancreatitis in people under 50 years of age. The most typical, “classic” symptom complex was revealed in patients of the older age group.&#x0D; Conclusions. The presence of only non‑specific symptoms of PHPT in a significant number of patients complicates the diagnosis of the disease at early stages and leads to the development of complications of the disease. The testing of the version of the questionnaire developed by the authors made it possible to determine the list of the most dangerous symptom complex of non‑specific complaints regarding the high risk of PHPT development in the groups ≤50 years and over 50 years. The implementation of this list in the everyday practice of the medical practitioners can increase the effectiveness of efforts for early detection of the disease.&#x0D;