Efficient Training Programs Research Articles

한국어 표현능력 향상을 위한 교육연극 기법

초창기 한국어 교육이 문법 이해를 중요시했다면 현재 한국어 교육은 원활한 의사소통능력의 향상을 중요시하고 있다. 그래서 의사소통 능력을 향상시킬 효과적인 방법의 하나로 교육을 위한 교육연극에 관심이 높다. 교육연극은 실제로 대화할 수 있는 기회를 주기 위해 가상적 상황을 만들어 상황에 맞는 단어와 문법을 사용해 볼 수 있으며, 몸짓, 표정 같은 비언어적 표현도 배울 수 있어 실생활에서 자신감 있게 자신의 의사를 표현하는 능력을 기를 수 있는데, 이는 한국어 교육이 추구하는 의사소통 능력의 향상과 같은 목표를 가지고 있다고 할 수 있다. 또한 학습자가 중심이 되어 활동이 이루어지고, 다른 학습자들과의 협동을 통해 문제를 해결하면서 사회성과 자신감도 기를 수 있다. 본고에서 교육연극 기법 중 인터뷰하기, 텍스트를 대본으로 바꾸기, 이어질 글을 상상해 대본으로 바꾸기, 역할극, 토론을 활용한 활동에 대해 알아보았다. 이러한 활동들이 성공하기 위해서는 좋은 동영상이나 학습 자료들을 개발하여 적극적으로 활용할 수 있도록 해야 하고, 교사를 위한 연수프로그램을 만들어 연수프로그램에서 배운 교육연극 기법들을 수업 시간에 활용할 수 있는 교수 능력을 키우도록 도와야 할 것이다. The early stage of Korean language education was to understand grammar. However, recent Korean language education aims to improve expressive ability for smooth communication. Hence, educational drama for education has gained attention as one of the effective ways of improving communication skills. Educational drama provides an actual conversational situation in which one can use appropriate words and grammar depending on the situation. Non-verbal expression such as body language and facial expression could be picked up so one also improves one's communicative abilities naturally. This means that educational drama shares Korean language education's goal of improving communicative ability. Moreover, the student becomes the core of the activity and finds solutions through cooperation with others, and this also helps improve social skills and self-esteem. This thesis covers methods of having interviews, re-writing texts to scripts, writing up post-script by imagining the following text, role-playing, and improving expressive ability by debating educational theatrical techniques. To make these activities successful, good quality VOD and learning materials shall be developed and used. Also, efficient training programs shall be created so that teachers make use of what they learn and improve their teaching skills.

Wearable Performance Devices in Sports Medicine.

Context:Wearable performance devices and sensors are becoming more readily available to the general population and athletic teams. Advances in technology have allowed individual endurance athletes, sports teams, and physicians to monitor functional movements, workloads, and biometric markers to maximize performance and minimize injury. Movement sensors include pedometers, accelerometers/gyroscopes, and global positioning satellite (GPS) devices. Physiologic sensors include heart rate monitors, sleep monitors, temperature sensors, and integrated sensors. The purpose of this review is to familiarize health care professionals and team physicians with the various available types of wearable sensors, discuss their current utilization, and present future applications in sports medicine.Evidence Acquisition:Data were obtained from peer-reviewed literature through a search of the PubMed database. Included studies searched development, outcomes, and validation of wearable performance devices such as GPS, accelerometers, and physiologic monitors in sports.Study Design:Clinical review.Level of Evidence:Level 4.Results:Wearable sensors provide a method of monitoring real-time physiologic and movement parameters during training and competitive sports. These parameters can be used to detect position-specific patterns in movement, design more efficient sports-specific training programs for performance optimization, and screen for potential causes of injury. More recent advances in movement sensors have improved accuracy in detecting high-acceleration movements during competitive sports.Conclusion:Wearable devices are valuable instruments for the improvement of sports performance. Evidence for use of these devices in professional sports is still limited. Future developments are needed to establish training protocols using data from wearable devices.

Editorial: Neural bases of binocular vision and coordination and their implications in visual training programs.

To see or not to see? That is the question of this research topic. How do human beings see not with their eyes but with their brain, which lies in a moving body, itself evolving in a continuously changing environment? What and how do humans see in the context of a particular task at a given moment? How do humans cease to see after some damage in the brain or neurofunctional disorder? And howmay the basic science of eyemovements and vision help to develop efficient visual training programs? The present research topic, entitled Neural bases of binocular vision and coordination and their implications in visual training programs, aims at putting forward our knowledge of the neural underpinnings of vision in its motor, sensory, cognitive, emotional, and vegetative expressions. It does not target an exhaustive collection of what we know in the field of visual neurosciences. For that purpose, the reader may refer to the volume sets by Chalupa and Werner (2003). Rather, this research topic focuses on the latest findings on the neural aspects of eye movements and visual perception that directly help to understand and improve visual training programs in pathological conditions. Such disorders follow damages of the cerebral visual pathways (e.g., hemianopia) or refer to syndromes hitherto believed to be peripheral but in which neurophysiology and brain imaging are uncovering neural correlates or causes (e.g., amblyopia). The research topic is divided into three parts respectively dedicated to eye movements, visual perception, and visual training programs, each having six chapters, and starts with an overview. In the introductory chapter, Coubard, Urbanski, Bourlon and Gaumet (Coubard et al., 2014) remind the reader of the importance of action in visual processing before describing the cascade of physiological mechanisms underlying eye movements, followed by a description of the five main neurovisual systems. After an overview of pathological conditions causing not eye but brain blindness—also called neurovisual disorders—the authors end by describing the disciplines of visual rehabilitation.

What Is the Role of Training and Job Satisfaction on Turnover Intentions?

The literature of fast food franchises in Saudi Arabia has reported a lack of research on the topic of employee training. This study pursues to add literature and findings in fast food franchises sector by examining the impact of effective training and coworker support for training on turnover intentions among the employees of fast food franchises in Saudi Arabia. A total number of 350 questionnaires were distributed among the employees working in different fast food franchises of Saudi Arabia, out of which 278 were returned and finally 250 questionnaires were selected for data analysis. The data was collected by source of a structured questionnaire with a total number of 25 questions. In which 10 questions were dedicated to training effectiveness, 3 questions were dedicated to coworker support for training, 8 questions were dedicated to job satisfaction, and 4 were dedicated to turnover intentions of employees. The results described a strong positive relationship between effective training program and job satisfaction, and coworker support for training and job satisfaction. However, there is a negative relationship found between job satisfaction and employees’ turnover intentions in fast food franchises of Saudi Arabia. The result of the study has significant decision-making suggestions for franchisers regarding how to decrease turnover intentions of employees by providing them efficient training programs and supportive working environment. Training programs not only increase the value of employees but also the effectiveness of the business.

Agri-form: an innovative training model for safety in the agriculture and forestry sector

The following work offers and proposes the methodological foundations to develop a pro active and specific training model for the needs of the agricultural sector. The model was developed from a stage of gathering of information regarding the needs in the agricultural sector and adding to this what legal obligations which define a road map that can provide an efficient training programme for safety at work. After 2 years of experimentation the results achieved enable the model to be validated and also transferred and extended to similar sectors such as fishing and forestry.

Mobile-phone-based home exercise training program decreases systemic inflammation in COPD: a pilot study.

BackgroundModerate-intensity exercise training improves skeletal muscle aerobic capacity and increased oxidative enzyme activity, as well as exercise tolerance in COPD patients.MethodsTo investigate whether the home-based exercise training program can reduce inflammatory biomarkers in patients with COPD, twelve patients using mobile phone assistance and 14 with free walk were assessed by incremental shuttle walk test (ISWT), spirometry, strength of limb muscles, and serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and inflammatory cytokines.ResultsPatients in the mobile phone group improved their ISWT walking distance, with decrease in serum CRP after 2 months, and sustained at 6 months. Patients in the control group had no improvement. Serum IL-8 in the mobile phone group was significantly reduced at 2, 3 and 6 months after doing home exercise training compared to baseline. IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly elevated at 3 and 6 months in control group, while there were no changes in mobile phone group. The strength of limb muscles was significantly greater compared to baseline at 3 and 6 months in the mobile phone group.ConclusionsA mobile-phone-based system can provide an efficient home endurance exercise training program with improved exercise capacity, strength of limb muscles and a decrease in serum CRP and IL-8 in COPD patients. Decreased systemic inflammation may contribute to these clinical benefits. (Clinical trial registration No.: NCT01631019)

Practices and Impeding Factors in the Teaching of English to Young Learners in the First Cycle Public Primary Schools at Nekemte Town, Western Ethiopia

This study was aimed to examine the practices and related impeding factors in the teaching of English to young learners in the ten first cycle (Grades 1-4) public primary schools of Nekemte town (Ethiopia). It employed lesson observations and interviews with the teachers involved in the teaching of English to young learners to gather relevant and proper data. The analysis was made based on themes and categories identified from the available literature. The findings of the study indicate that English is taught through mother tongue. Moreover, it shows that teachers who teach English do not have command of the language and lack the understanding and knowledge of the purpose, procedures and approaches of teaching English to young learners because of lack of proper pre-service and in-service professional development courses on how to deal with young learners. The study, therefore, recommends efficient training and development programmes for Total Quality Teachers (TQT) of young learners in the country. Keywords : Practices; Young Learners; Total Quality Teachers; Development; Training

Ethical and Professional Issues Training for Students and Staff of Laboratory Medicine

Background : Medical Laboratory plays a critical role in maintaining and promoting health. Increasing wide applications of laboratory medicine in clinical practice have highlighted specific topics in the areas of social, professional and ethical issues in the laboratory. Despite the important role of clinical lab in health system, ethical issues have been rarely discussed for clinical labs. Considering the need to provide efficient training program for students, this study was designed and conducted to assess the views of laboratory science educators about offering a professional ethical course in laboratory science curriculum. Methods: The study population was 28 laboratory science educators at Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. A questionnaire was designed to assess instructors' views about the importance, quantity, quality, and the need to provide a professional ethical course for medical laboratory students. Results: The majority of respondents (82.15%) evaluated the importance of offering an ethical course for laboratory medicine to be at a very high level. Most educators (75%) believed that good clinical laboratory practice is extremely related to moral issues. Many lecturers (85.7%) completely agreed with the addition of professional ethical course for laboratory science students. Respondents (89.3%), also, believed that the educating professional ethical issues to medical lab students will enhance service quality and performance of the future laboratories. In addition, most professors suggested offering two credit points to cover such issues for the students (85.7%). Conclusion: We recommend offering a separate course in laboratory science curriculum to cover the clinical ethical issues, such as modality of taking samples, interaction with patients, the way of giving information about genetic tests, viral and malignancies, the way of storing data and access to medical records, the diagnosis of infertility, prenatal diagnosis, legal issues in poisonings, and the way of interacting with the doctor and medical private issues.

A blended design in acute care training: similar learning results, less training costs compared with a traditional format.

Introduction There is a demand for more attractive and efficient training programmes in postgraduate health care training. This retrospective study aims to show the effectiveness of a blended versus traditional face-to-face training design. For nurses in postgraduate Acute and Intensive Care training, the effectiveness of a blended course design was compared with a traditional design. Methods In a first pilot study 57 students took a traditional course (2-h lecture and 2-h workshop) and 46 students took a blended course (2-h lecture and 2-h online self-study material). Test results were compared for both groups. After positive results in the pilot study, the design was replicated for the complete programme in Acute and Intensive Care. Now 16 students followed the traditional programme (11 days face-to-face education) and 31 students did the blended programme (7 days face-to-face and 40 h online self-study). An evaluation was done after the pilot and course costs were calculated. Results Results show that the traditional and blended groups were similar regarding the main characteristics and did not differ in learning results for both the pilot and the complete programme. Student evaluations of both designs were positive; however, the blended group were more confident that they had achieved the learning objectives. Training costs were reduced substantially. Conclusion The blended training design offers an effective and attractive training solution, leading to a significant reduction in costs.

Critical Evaluation of Oxygen-Uptake Assessment in Swimming

Swimming has become an important area of sport science research since the 1970s, with the bioenergetic factors assuming a fundamental performance-influencing role. The purpose of this study was to conduct a critical evaluation of the literature concerning oxygen-uptake (VO2) assessment in swimming, by describing the equipment and methods used and emphasizing the recent works conducted in ecological conditions. Particularly in swimming, due to the inherent technical constraints imposed by swimming in a water environment, assessment of VO2max was not accomplished until the 1960s. Later, the development of automated portable measurement devices allowed VO2max to be assessed more easily, even in ecological swimming conditions, but few studies have been conducted in swimming-pool conditions with portable breath-by-breath telemetric systems. An inverse relationship exists between the velocity corresponding to VO2max and the time a swimmer can sustain it at this velocity. The energy cost of swimming varies according to its association with velocity variability. As, in the end, the supply of oxygen (whose limitation may be due to central-O2 delivery and transportation to the working muscles-or peripheral factors-O2 diffusion and utilization in the muscles) is one of the critical factors that determine swimming performance, VO2 kinetics and its maximal values are critical in understanding swimmers' behavior in competition and to develop efficient training programs.

Stepwise Rehabilitation of the Triple Amputee Combined With Dysfunction of the Sound Limb

To find a multiple amputee more severe than a triple amputee is not easy. This is a report of a 36-year-old patient with right knee disarticulation, left trans-femoral amputation and right elbow disarticulation due to peripheral ischemic necrosis, when he was applied vasopressor in septic shock condition. His left hand was also 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th distal interphalangeal joint disarticulation status, and it was more difficult for him to do rehabilitation program, such as donning and doffing the prostheses. For more efficient rehabilitation training program, we first focused on upper extremities function, since we believed that he might need a walking aid for gait training later. After 13 weeks of rehabilitation program, he has become sit to stand and walk short distance independently with an anterior walker. Although he still needs some assistance with activities of daily living, his Functional Independence Measure score improved from 48 to 90 during the course of 13 weeks.

Laparoscopic education and training: considerations and feedback from our 10-year experience

Laparoscopic surgery for gastrointestinal tumors have been conducted in the Department of General Surgery of Nanfang Hospital since 2002. Within the past decade, the education and training courses of laparoscopic surgical techniques were given to over 2,000 gastrointestinal surgeons. From these experience, we believed that efficient and high quality laparoscopic surgical training program should combine the following philosophies: thorough understanding of anatomy under laparoscopic view was the cornerstone; skilled cooperation between surgeon, assistant and laparoscopist would ensure the safety and fluency of the surgery; training course should be designed according to the laparoscopic skills of the trainee. Based on these understandings of laparoscopic education and training, we would further perfect and standardize our training system so as to contribute to the future development and popularization of laparoscopic gastrointestinal surgery in China.

Conception for Fitness Testing and individualized training programs in the German Tennis Federation

BackgroundA player's fitness can be a key factor that may make the difference between victory and failure. Because technical and tactical skills are predominant factors in tennis it is of great importance to organize the fitness training as efficient and time saving as possible. The German Tennis Federation (DTB) has established a biannual nationwide physical testing including ∼ 400 squad players. The results obtained are used for basic talent identification as well as the development of training guidelines, including individualized training programs. The present article shows the concept for fitness testing and training design of the DTB. Two sample player profiles are presented to show the usefulness of the testing protocols and the individual conclusions obtained in order to design individualized training programs. Material and MethodsBetween the years 2009 and 2013, the sample of the 1052 best male and female junior players in Germany was evaluated using a battery of standard anthropometric and physical performance tests. Players were recruited from their respective regional federations and all the athletes were tested twice a year in a three week period. ResultsThe individualized training programs are based on established percentiles considering sex, chronological age and the stage of maturation. Results show individual profiles of two players, including the percentile rank relative to their peers and related to both, their chronological and biological age. ConclusionsThe results enable the identification of weaknesses in different parameters and allow to design efficient physical training programs. Regarding the limited training time and the great amount of time needed to improve tennis specific skills this approach enables a more efficient way to design physical training programs.

Development of heuristic bias detection in elementary school.

Although human reasoning is often biased by intuitive heuristics, recent studies have shown that adults and adolescents detect the biased nature of their judgments. The present study focused on the development of this critical bias sensitivity by examining the detection skills of young children in elementary school. Third and 6th graders were presented with child-friendly versions of classic base-rate problems in which a cued heuristic response could be inconsistent or consistent with the base rates. After each problem children were asked to indicate their subjective response confidence to assess their bias detection skills. Results indicated that 6th graders showed a clear confidence decrease when they gave a heuristic response that conflicted with the base rates. However, this confidence decrease was not observed for 3rd graders, suggesting that they did not yet acknowledge that their judgment was not fully warranted. Implications for the development of efficient training programs and the debate on human rationality are discussed.

Designing simulator-based training: An approach integrating cognitive task analysis and four-component instructional design

Most studies of simulator-based surgical skills training have focused on the acquisition of psychomotor skills, but surgical procedures are complex tasks requiring both psychomotor and cognitive skills. As skills training is modelled on expert performance consisting partly of unconscious automatic processes that experts are not always able to explicate, simulator developers should collaborate with educational experts and physicians in developing efficient and effective training programmes. This article presents an approach to designing simulator-based skill training comprising cognitive task analysis integrated with instructional design according to the four-component/instructional design model. This theory-driven approach is illustrated by a description of how it was used in the development of simulator-based training for the nephrostomy procedure.

Use of Virtual World for Soft/Communication Skills Training

The current state of the economy has created an increased pressure on companies to establish more efficient training programs, resulting in an upswing in e-learning and distance learning programs. With this increased demand for e-learning/distance learning training, the need for more interactive training that goes beyond the traditional webinar and video conference has also been identified. The literature regarding virtual learning platforms suggests that the use of simulations, both asynchronous and synchronous, holds great potential for enhancing the knowledge and skills of learning in a myriad of fields. Although these platforms are proving to have great benefits, they also are showing some challenges and barriers to overcome. After a review of current research, Cicatelli Associates, Inc. (CAI), conducted an internal feasibility study to determine the feasibility of the use of virtual worlds in training healthcare and health care service provision staff in general counseling skills and communications skills. After examining, both the strengths and the challenges of utilizing this method for training it was determined that several barriers exist that currently prohibit the organization from using this method. These barriers include access to appropriate computer systems, as well as the lack of fine or micro non-verbal gestures in virtual worlds.

Time to Exhaustion at the VO2max Velocity in Swimming: A Review

The aim of this study was to present a review on the time to exhaustion at the minimum swimming velocity corresponding to maximal oxygen consumption (TLim-vVO2max). This parameter is critical both for the aerobic power and the lactate tolerance bioenergetical training intensity zones, being fundamental to characterize it, and to point out its main determinants. The few number of studies conducted in this topic observed that swimmers were able to maintain an exercise intensity corresponding to maximal aerobic power during 215 to 260 s (elite swimmers), 230 to 260 s (high level swimmers) and 310 to 325 s (low level swimmers), and no differences between genders were reported. TLim-vVO2max main bioenergetic and functional determinants were swimming economy and VO2 slow component (direct relationship), and vVO2max, velocity at anaerobic threshold and blood lactate production (inverse relationship); when more homogeneous groups of swimmers were analysed, the inverse correlation value between TLim-vVO2max and vVO2max was not so evident. In general, TLim-vVO2max was not related to VO2max. TLim-vVO2max seems also to be influenced by stroking parameters, with a direct relationship to stroke length and stroke index, and an inverse correlation with stroke rate. Assessing TLim-vVO2max, together with the anaerobic threshold and the biomechanical general parameters, will allow a larger spectrum of testing protocols application, helping to build more objective and efficient training programs.

The Perceptions of the Personal and Professional Factors Influencing Social Workers in Saudi Hospitals: A Qualitative Analysis

The perceptions of 10 social workers regarding the personal and professional characteristics influencing their practice at Saudi hospitals were examined using semi-structured interviews. A qualitative analysis employing a thematic approach informed by grounded theory was undertaken and produced three broad interrelated themes: “skills upgrading,” “departmental support,” and “personal experience in the workplace,” which subsequently informed the development of the overarching theme of “personal and professional factors.” The discussion illustrates social work practitioners are inhibited from effectively performing their roles. These include: (a) Deficiencies related to job training and professional skills updating where there is a lack of efficient and accessible inservice training programs, especially in relation to practical issues. Further, these perceptions relate to a lack of long-term educational opportunities that impact on individual practitioner's currency of skills, techniques and pedagogy enabling/disenabling him/her to excel at his/her job, (b) Obvious bureaucracy within the controlling hierarchy and difficulty with the dissemination of information between the social workers were perceived to detrimentally impact on a practitioner's ability to attend to one's work demands, and (c) Personal day to day work experiences, including counterproductive emotional feelings (high stress), increased dissatisfaction with the job, and ineffective communication within the workplace were seen as limiting the social workers' professional potential. This article will focus on how these themes were addressed in terms of qualitative interview data.

부동산중개인의 직무능력 향상을 위한 교육프로그램 욕구에 관한 탐색적 연구 -충청남도 천안지역을 중심으로-

Until recently, research trend in real estate has been focused on real estate market and the market analysis. But the studies on real estate training program development for real estate agents to improve their job performance are relatively short in numbers. Thus, this study shows empirical analysis of the needs for the training programs for real estate agents in Cheonan to improve their job performance. The results are as follows. First, in the survey of asking what educational contents they need in order to improve real estate agents` job performance, most of the respondents show their needs for the analysis of house`s value, legal knowledge, real estate management, accounting, real estate marketing, and understanding of the real estate policy. This is because they are well aware that the best way of responding to the changing clients` needs comes from training programs. Secondly, asked about real estate marketing strategies, most of respondents showed their awareness of new strategies to meet the needs of clients. This is because new forms of marketing strategies including internet ads are needed in the field as the paradigm including Information Technology changes. Thirdly, asked about the need for real estate-related training programs, 92% of the respondents answered they need real estate education programs run by the continuing education centers of the universities. In addition, the survey showed their needs for retraining programs that utilize the resources in the local universities. Other than this, to have effective and efficient training programs, they demanded running a training system by utilizing the human resources of the universities under the name of the department of `Real Estate Contract` for real estate agents` job performance. Fourthly, the survey revealed real estate management(44.2%) and real estate marketing(42.3%) is the most chosen contents they want to take in the regular course for improving real estate agents` job performance. This shows their will to understand clients` needs through the mind of real estate management and real estate marketing. The survey showed they prefer the training programs as an irregular course to those in the regular one. Despite the above results, this study chose subjects only in Cheanan and thus it needs to research more diverse areas. The needs of programs to improve real estate agents job performance should be analyzed empirically targeting the real estate agents not just in Cheonan but also cities like Pyeongchon, Ilsan and Bundang in which real estate business is booming, as well as undergraduate and graduate students whose major is real estate studies. These studies will be able to provide information to help develop the customized training programs by evaluating elements that real estate agents need in order to meet clients satisfaction and improve their job performance. Many variables of the program development learned through these studies can be incorporated in the curriculum of the real estate studies and used very practically as information for the development of the real estate studies in this fast changing era.

Effective education in radiation safety for nurses

In order to establish an efficient training program of radiation safety for nurses, studies have been carried out on the basis of questionnaires. Collaboration of nurses, who are usually standing closest to the patient, is necessary in order to offer safe radiological diagnostics/treatment. The authors distributed the questionnaire to 134 nurses in five polyclinic hospitals in Japan. Important questions were: fear of radiation exposure, knowledge on the radiation treatment, understanding the impact on pregnancy, and so on. Most of the nurses feel themselves uneasy against exposure to radiation. They do not have enough knowledge of radiological treatment. They do not know exactly what is the impact of the radiation on pregnant women. Such tendency is more pronounced, when nurses spend less time working in the radiological department. Nurses play important roles in radiological diagnostics/treatment. Therefore, a well-developed education system for radiation safety is essential. The training for the radiation safety in medicine should be done in the context of general safety in medicine. Education programs in undergraduate school and at the working place should be coordinated efficiently in order to ensure that both nurses and patients are informed about the meaning of radiation safety.