Remediation Efficiency Research Articles

Photocatalytic dye degradation and hydrogen peroxide sensing by a novel copper-Schiff base complex prepared via mechanochemical method

ABSTRACT Water pollution, primarily caused due to hazardous organic and inorganic substances, is a cause of concern for human health and development, for it manifests adverse repercussions across health, economic, and social dimensions. The footprints of its adverse effects are also left on aquatic/marine life forms. In the light of the negative impacts of such substances, the development of efficient remediation techniques becomes pertinent. In this article, we report a water-soluble glutamic acid Schiff base copper complex (Cu-GSb) that has been synthesised by taking recourse to a mechanochemical approach, relying upon solid-state reagent interactions in a benign environmental setting, eluding a rigorous refluxing condition and overuse of solvents. The experimental results revealed that the ligand coordinates to the metal centre in a bidentate fashion through the imine nitrogen and carboxylate oxygen, respectively, adopting a distorted square planar geometry. Further, the complex’s utility in mitigating chemical hazards has been demonstrated through the studies involving degradation of organic dyes like methylene blue and bromocresol green, and decomposition/sensing of H2O2. Notably, as a photocatalyst towards the degradation of above-mentioned dyes under visible light irradiation, our study showed the photocatalytic efficiency of Cu-GSb to be ~95% in 50–60 min. The rate of degradation reaction has been found to follow first-order kinetics with rate constant values of 6 × 10−2 and 5.66 × 10−2 min−1 for MB and BCG, respectively. Furthermore, the results of H2O2 sensing evaluation revealed that the complex is capable of potentially decomposing H2O2 in about 20–30 min. The compounds have been routinely characterised by UV–visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR).

Tourmaline-enhanced bioremediation of Cd/BDE-153 co-contaminated soil: Migration, soil microorganism structure and enzyme activities

The efficient remediation of the soil co-contaminated with heavy metals and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) from electronic disassembly zones is a new challenge. Here, we screened a fungus of F. solani (F.s) can immobilize Cd and remove PBDEs. wIt combined with tourmaline enhances the remediation of co- pollutants in the soil. Furthermore, the environment risks of the enhanced technology were assessed through the amount of Cd/BDE-153 in Amaranthus tricolor L. (amaranth) migrated from soil, as well as the changes of soil microorganism communities and enzyme activities. The results showed the combined treatment of tourmaline and F.s made the removal percentage of BDE-153 in rhizosphere soil co-contaminated with BDE-153 and Cd reached 46.5%. And the weak acid extractable Cd in rhizosphere soil decreased by 33.7% compared to control group. In addition, the combined remediation technology resulted in a 32.5% (22.8%), 45.5% (37.2%), and 50.7% (38.1%) decrease in BDE-153 (Cd) content in the roots, stems, and leaves of amaranth, respectively. Tourmaline combined with F.s can significantly increase soil microorganism diversity, soil dehydrogenase and urease activities, further improving the remediation rate of Cd and BDE-153co-pollutants in soil and the biomass of amaranth. This study provides the remediation technology of soil co-contaminated with heavy metal and PBDEs and ensure the maintenance of food security.

Heavy Metal Remediation by Dry Mycelium Membranes: Approaches to Sustainable Lead Remediation in Water.

Lead contamination poses significant and lasting health risks, particularly in children. This study explores the efficacy of dried mycelium membranes, distinct from live fungal biomass, for the remediation of lead (Pb(II)) in water. Dried mycelium offers unique advantages, including environmental resilience, ease of handling, biodegradability, and mechanical reliability. The study explores Pb(II) removal mechanisms through sorption and mineralization by dried mycelium hyphae in aqueous solutions. The sorption isotherm studies reveal a high Pb(II) removal efficiency, exceeding 95% for concentrations below 1000 ppm and ∼63% above 1500 ppm, primarily driven by electrostatic interactions. The measured infrared peak shifts and the pseudo-second-order kinetics for sorption suggests a correlation between sorption capacity and the density of interacting functional groups. The study also explores novel surface functionalization of the mycelium network with phosphate to enhance Pb(II) removal, which enables remediation efficiencies >95% for concentrations above 1500 ppm. Scanning electron microscopy images show a pH-dependent formation of Pb-based crystals uniformly deposited throughout the entire mycelium network. Continuous cross-flow filtration tests employing a dried mycelium membrane demonstrate its efficacy as a microporous membrane for Pb(II) removal, reaching remediation efficiency of 85-90% at the highest Pb(II) concentrations. These findings suggest that dried mycelium membranes can be a viable alternative to synthetic membranes in heavy metal remediation, with potential environmental and water treatment applications.

A novel nanocomposite-based zeolite for efficient remediation of Cd-contaminated industrial wastewater

Novel nanocomposite sorbent was produced by depositing nanostructured water treatment residual (nWTR) onto zeolite (Ze) using high-energy ball milling process. The physicochemical properties of nanocomposite (Ze-nWTR) prior and after Cd adsorption were analyzed by SEM–EDX, FTIR, BET and XRD. A batch study of cadmium adsorption (Ze-nWTR) was performed at various process parameters (sorbent dose, contact time, solution pH, competing ions, initial concentration and temperature). The obtained data were fitted to various equilibrium and kinetics models. The Langmuir and power function models successfully described Cd adsorption equilibrium and kinetic processes, respectively. The maximum adsorption capacity (qmax) value of Cd by Ze-nWTR nanocomposite (147 mgg−1) was 3 and 5.9 times higher than those of nWTR and zeolite sorbents, respectively. Increasing temperature from 287 to 307 K has resulted in increasing the maximum Cd adsorption capacity (qmax) of the nanocomposite from 147.9 to 270 mgg−1. The calculated thermodynamics parameters suggested physical and chemical attraction between Cd and Ze-nWTR and the association of dissociative mechanism in Cd(II) sorption process. The excellent reusability and Cd removal ability of Ze-nWTR nanocomposite (98%) from industrial wastewater confirm its potential as promising adsorbent for wastewater treatment applications.

Remediation of Leachate-Metal-Contaminated Soil Using Selected Bacterial Consortia

Approximately 95% of urban solid waste worldwide is disposed of in landfills. About 14 million metric tonnes of this municipal solid waste are disposed of in landfills every year in Malaysia, illustrating the importance of landfills. Landfill leachate is a liquid that is generated when precipitation percolates through waste disposed of in a landfill. High concentrations of heavy metal(loid)s, organic matter that has been dissolved and/or suspended, and inorganic substances, including phosphorus, ammonium, and sulphate, are present in landfill leachate. Globally, there is an urgent need for efficient remediation strategies for leachate-metal-contaminated soils. The present study expatiates on the physicochemical conditions and heavy metal(loid)s’ concentrations present in leachate samples obtained from four landfills in Malaysia, namely, Air Hitam Sanitary Landfill, Jeram Sanitary landfill, Bukit Beruntung landfill, and Taman Beringin Landfill, and explores bioaugmentation for the remediation of leachate-metal-contaminated soil. Leachate samples (replicates) were taken from all four landfills. Heavy metal(loids) in the collected leachate samples were quantified using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The microbial strains used for bioaugmentation were isolated from the soil sample collected from Taman Beringin Landfill. X-ray fluorescence spectrometry was used to analyze heavy metal(loid)s in the soil, prior to the isolation of microbes. The results of the present study show that the treatments inoculated with the isolated bacteria had greater potential for bioremediation than the control experiment. Of the nine isolated microbial strains, the treatment regimen involving only three strains (all Gram-positive bacteria) exhibited the highest removal efficiency for heavy metal(loid)s, as observed from most of the results. With regard to new findings, a significant outcome from the present study is that selectively blended microbial species are more effective in the remediation of leachate-metal-contaminated soil, in comparison to a treatment containing a higher number of microbial species and therefore increased diversity. Although the leachate and soil samples were collected from Malaysia, there is a global appeal for the bioremediation strategy applied in this study.

Contamination and remediation of contaminated firing ranges—an overview

Land and groundwater resources are fundamental pillars of sustainable human development. The negligent abandonment of ammunition and its fragments during range activities can result in severe contamination of range sites, thereby posing a significant risk to both the ecological environment and human health. Nevertheless, numerous uncertainties persist regarding the comprehension of range contaminated sites. In this study, the literature on the range of contaminated sites decommissioned after 2000 was systematically examined to consolidate basic information related to these sites, such as contaminant types, contamination status, and remediation measures. Considerable attention is devoted to investigating the advancement of diverse techniques, such as phytoremediation, chemical leaching, and solidification/stabilization, to remediate polluted areas within decommissioned firing ranges. Among the various types of remediation means, physical remediation and chemical remediation have higher remediation efficiency, but generally have higher costs and are prone to secondary pollution. Bioremediation is low cost and environmentally friendly, but has a long restoration cycle. The choice of remediation method should be based on actual needs. Additionally, this study puts forth prospective avenues for future research. Ultimately, this endeavor aims to attract the interest of scholars toward the remediation of contaminated sites within firing ranges, thereby making a valuable contribution to both human wellbeing and sustainable progress.

Silicon and iron nanoparticles protect rice against lead (Pb) stress by improving oxidative tolerance and minimizing Pb uptake

Lead (Pb) is toxic to the development and growth of rice plants. Nanoparticles (NPs) have been considered one of the efficient remediation techniques to mitigate Pb stress in plants. Therefore, a study was carried out to examine the underlying mechanism of iron (Fe) and silicon (Si) nanoparticle-induced Pb toxicity alleviation in rice seedlings. Si–NPs (2.5 mM) and Fe-NPs (25 mg L−1) were applied alone and in combination to rice plants grown without (control; no Pb stress) and with (100 µM) Pb concentration. Our results revealed that Pb toxicity severely affected all rice growth-related traits, such as inhibited root fresh weight (42%), shoot length (24%), and chlorophyll b contents (26%). Moreover, a substantial amount of Pb was translocated to the above-ground parts of plants, which caused a disturbance in the antioxidative enzyme activities. However, the synergetic use of Fe- and Si–NPs reduced the Pb contents in the upper part of plants by 27%. It reduced the lethal impact of Pb on roots and shoots growth parameters by increasing shoot length (40%), shoot fresh weight (48%), and roots fresh weight (31%). Both Si and Fe–NPs synergistic application significantly elevated superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH) concentrations by 114%, 186%, 135%, and 151%, respectively, compared to plants subjected to Pb stress alone. The toxicity of Pb resulted in several cellular abnormalities and altered the expression levels of metal transporters and antioxidant genes. We conclude that the synergistic application of Si and Fe-NPs can be deemed favorable, environmentally promising, and cost-effective for reducing Pb deadliness in rice crops and reclaiming Pb-polluted soils.

Sulfidation of nano-Fe/Pd bimetal for highly efficient remediation of Cr (VI) from water: Enhanced reactivity and applicability

Sulfidation of zero-valent iron nanoparticles (S-nZVI) has been considered as a common means to improve its reactivity. In this paper, Pd and Na2S were chosen as the catalyst and sulfidation regent via a modified post sulfidation approach to fabricate a kind of sulfidated bimetallic Fe/Pd nanoparticles (S-nZVIPd). The structure and composition have been clearly confirmed by a combination of various techniques. Morphology analysis showed that S-nZVIPd had a core–shell framework and hierarchical structure. The reactivity performance of S-nZVIPd, nZVIPd and S-nZVI toward Cr (VI) remediation from aqueous solution was compared, and the underlying mechanisms for the improvement effect of Cr (VI) removal were also investigated. S-nZVIPd exhibited a superior remediation reaction to remove Cr (VI) with higher removal capacity of 234.9 mg/g, with the comparison of nZVIPd (192.3 mg/g) and S-nZVI (137.5 mg/g). Additionally, the effects of common anions and cations, pH, and temperature on Cr (VI) removal were also investigated in batch experiments. Also, kinetic fitting of results revealed that remediation obeyed a pseudo-second-order model, where the apparent activation energy was 37.7 KJ/mol, illustrating that the removal of Cr (VI) was mainly dominated by chemical reduction. The enhanced removal rate of Cr (VI) by S-nZVIPd suggested that Pd and FeSx played a dual role in accelerating the corrosion of nZVI, and were facilitated to electron transfer between nZVI and Cr (VI). The results indicated that the research of the novel S-nZVIPd composite delivered new ideas theoretically for specific inquiries in the future.

Study on the kinetics and mechanisms of Cr(VI) removal by nZVI modified with four modifiers

To improve the nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) utilization efficiency in environmental remediation and explore the performance enhancement mechanisms, the treatment of chromium pollution by pyrogallic acid modified nZVI (pyGA-nZVI), sodium dihydrogen phosphate modified nZVI (MSP-nZVI), ethylenediamine modified nZVI (EDA-nZVI) and sodium persulfate modified nZVI (PS-nZVI) were investigated in this study. The characterization of modified nZVIs demonstrated the successful bonding of modifiers onto nZVIs. Among the four modified materials, pyGA-nZVI exhibited the highest Cr(VI) removal performance (complete removal within 4 min), followed by MSP-nZVI (81.7 % within 30 min), EDA-nZVI (77.1 % within 30 min) and PS-nZVI (55.1 % within 30 min). The H2 production was all suppressed due to the presence of modifiers, boosting the electronic selectivity in the reaction with Cr(VI). Fe0 was the main contributor to the reduction of Cr(VI) by nZVI, EDA-nZVI and PS-nZVI, whereas Fe(II) played a major role in Cr(VI) reduction by pyGA-nZVI and MSP-nZVI. The decrease of element P and S contents indicated the direct involvement of MSP and PS in Cr(VI) removal, while the same content of N on nZVI before and after reaction implied an indirect participation of EDA in Cr(VI) removal.

Chitosan-modified iron fillings materials for remediation of arsenic-contaminated soil

Arsenic (As) contamination of soils adversely affects human health and ecosystems and is an environmental issue of serious concern worldwide. Efficient and economical remediation methods are urgently needed. In this research, a chitosan-modified scrap iron filings (CFF) composite was prepared by using industrial scrap iron filings and chitosan to stabilize As-contaminated soil. The optimal modification conditions were explored, and CFF was applied to As-contaminated soil to investigate its remediation effect and stabilization mechanism. The results showed that the optimal preparation conditions of CFF were chitosan concentration of 3.75 % (w/w), chitosan to scrap iron filings ratio of 1:1, optimal modification temperature of 40 °C, iron filings particle size of 35–80 mesh, and 10 % glutaraldehyde crosslinking for 6 h, and the stabilization efficiency of As was 73.98 %. The adsorption behavior of CFF was consistent with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Langmuir isotherm model, and the best adsorption effect was achieved at pH = 5–6. The possible mechanisms of As stabilization by CFF were surface complexation, hydrogen bonding synergy, precipitation, electrostatic attraction, and van der Waals forces.

Renewable and Low-cost Agro-waste-based Biosorbents for Efficient remediation of Methylene Blue from water: Analytical Performance and Mechanism Study

Renewable and Low-cost Agro-waste-based Biosorbents for Efficient remediation of Methylene Blue from water: Analytical Performance and Mechanism Study

Contaminated soil remediation with nano-FeS loaded lignin hydrogel: A novel strategy to produce safe rice grains while reducing cadmium in paddy field

Cadmium (Cd) contamination in agricultural soil has been an elevated concern due to the high health risks associated with the transfer through the soil-food chain, particularly in the case of rice. Recently, there has numerous researches on the use of nanoparticle-loaded materials for heavy metal-polluted soil remediation, resulting in favorable outcomes. However, there has been limited research focus on the field-scale application and recovery. This study was aimed to validate the Cd reduction effect of the nano-FeS loaded lignin hydrogel composites (FHC) in mildly polluted paddies, and to propose a field-scale application method. Hence, a multi-site field experiment was conducted in southern China. After the application for 94–103 days, the FHC exhibited a high integrity and elasticity, with a recovery rate of 91.90%. The single-round remediation led to decreases of 0.42–31.72% in soil Cd content and 1.52–49.11% in grain Cd content. Additionally, this remediation technique did not adversely impact rice production. Consequently, applying FHC in the field was demonstrated to be an innovative, efficient, and promising remediation technology. Simultaneously, a strategy was proposed for reducing Cd levels while cultivating rice in mildly polluted fields using the FHC.

Catalytic wet peroxide oxidation of organic dye with in-situ generated H2O2 over bifunctional Fe-Pt@Pd/SiO2 catalyst prepared by double-metal complex salt approach

While the Fenton reaction is efficient in wastewater treatment, the intrinsic problem of the dosage-dependent process poses another burden on ecosystem. Herein, we propose a highly efficient and environmentally-benign catalytic wet peroxide oxidation (CWPO) of methyl orange (MO) using in-situ generated H2O2 from hydrogen and air instead of ready-made H2O2. Pt@Pd/SiO2 and Pd@Pt/SiO2 catalysts were prepared by double-metal complex salt approach, and they were combined with soluble Fe salt (CWPO-I) or impregnated Fe (CWPO-II). The MO degradation rate of Pt@Pd/SiO2 for CWPO-I was 2.5 times faster than that of the conventional PdPt/SiO2. This can be rationalized in terms of Pd-enriched surface with strong interaction between Pt and Pd. Moreover, bifunctional Fe-Pt@Pd/SiO2 catalyst demonstrated outstanding activity in promoting CWPO-II with in-situ generated H2O2, even outperforming its counterpart with ready-made H2O2. This new approach offers an efficient water remediation method free from addition and generation of any undesirable chemicals affecting environment.

Responses and resistance capacity of Solanum nigrum L. mediated by three ecological category earthworms in metal-[Cd-As-Cu-Pb]-contaminated soils of North China

Earthworms play vital functions affecting plant growth and metal accumulation from downground to aboveground. Soil metal mobilization may be combined with use of earthworm and hyperaccumulator-Solanum nigrum to improve its remediation efficiency. Understanding the effects of specific-species earthworm belonging to different ecological categories on mechanisms underlying of S. nigrum is critical for metal-polluted remediation. However, seldom studies concerned earthworm-assisted phytoremediation of metal contaminated soil in Northern China. This study investigated the effects of earthworm (Eisenia fetida, Amynthas hupeiensis and Drawida gisti) on S. nigrum with exposure to uncontaminated and [Cd-As-Cu-Pb]-contaminated soil (referred to as S0 and S1) for 60 days, respectively. In S1 soil, A. hupeiensis (anecic) had stronger effects on growth and metal accumulation in the organs (root, stem, and leaf) of S. nigrum than D. gisti (endogeic) and E. fetida (epigeic), attributing to their ecological category. The BAF values of S. nigrum were generally ranking in Cd (0.66–5.13) > As (0.03–1.85) > Cu (0.03–0.06) > Pb (0.01–0.05); the BAFCd values were ranking in leaf (2.34–5.13) > root (1.96–4.14) > stem (0.66–1.33); BAFAs, BAFCu, and BAFPb were root (0.04–1.63) > stem (0.01–0.09) ≈ leaf (0.01–0.06). A. hupeiensis decreased the TF values of S. nigrum from the roots to the shoots. Co-effects of metal stress and earthworm activity on metal uptake by shoots suggested that A. hupeiensis increased the uptake of As, Cu, and Pb (by 56.3 %, 51.5 %, and 16.2 %, p < 0.05), but not Cd, which appeared to remain steady for prolonged durations. Alterations in the integrated biomarker response index version 2 (IBRv2) values demonstrated that A. hupeiensis (12.65) improved the resistance capacity (stimulated GSH, SnGS1, and SnCu-SOD) of S. nigrum under metal-containing conditions, compared with E. fetida and D. gisti (IBRv2 were 9.61 and 9.11). This study may provide insights into the patterns of ‘soil-earthworm-plant system’ on improving remediation efficiency of S. nigrum, from the perspective of earthworm ecological niche partitioning.

Pharmaceuticals in the Water: Emerging Concerns and Innovative Remediation Solutions

Abstract: Pharmaceutical contamination, resulting from the discharge of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and other related compounds into the water, has become a growing concern due to its potential adverse effects on ecosystems and human health. This review article aims to examine the many facets of pharmaceutical contamination and highlight the most recent developments in its remediation. The effects of pharmaceuticals, sources, and pathways of pharmaceutical contamination, as well as the difficulties in detecting and evaluating its toxicities, have been included in the present manuscript. Nowadays various remediation strategies are employed to mitigate pharmaceutical contamination in water. Conventional wastewater treatment techniques, including activated sludge processes and membrane filtration, are effective in removing a portion of the pharmaceutical compounds. However, advanced oxidation processes such as ozonation and photocatalysis have shown promising results in enhancing the degradation of recalcitrant APIs. Nanotechnology-based approaches, such as the use of nanoparticles for adsorption and degradation, and bioremediation methods utilizing microbial degradation, enzymatic processes, and phytoremediation, offer potential future directions for efficient and sustainable remediation. This review describes the most recent developments, current status, and potential research directions with the future prospects of pharmaceutical pollutants.

Pulsed laser ablation of polymer-based magnetic nanocomposites for oil spill remediation

Oil spills represent a critical environmental threat, particularly to marine ecosystems, necessitating the development of efficient and eco-friendly remediation technologies. This study explores the application of pulsed laser ablation (PLA) in fabricating polymer-based magnetic nanocomposites, with a focus on polyvinylpyrrolidone, chitosan, and methyl cellulose. These polymers, renowned for their proficiency in adsorbing pollutants from various oils, were combined with magnetite nanoparticles (NPs) in a compressed tablet form. The PLA process facilitated the generation of nanocomposites, which were subsequently collected using an external magnetic field. The chemical composition of these composites was analyzed through Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy, while particle sizes were determined using the Leica Image Processing and Analysis System. The study revealed that PLA is a green, single-step, and effective technique for preparing magnetic nanocomposites, producing particles predominantly in the 400 nm–4 µm size range. Furthermore, the application of these composites in oil/water separation demonstrated with separation commencing approximately 1 s after the application of a magnetic field. These findings underscore the potential of PLA in crafting magnetic nanocomposites for the rapid and environmentally sustainable remediation of oil spills.

Efficient and Sustainable Remediation of Refinery Wastewater using Electrocoagulation and Advanced Oxidation Techniques

Efficient and Sustainable Remediation of Refinery Wastewater using Electrocoagulation and Advanced Oxidation Techniques

Colloidal Engineering of Microplastic Capture with Biodegradable Soft Dendritic "Microcleaners".

The introduction of colloidal principles that enable efficient microplastic collection from aquatic environments is a goal of great environmental importance. Here, we present a novel method of microplastic (MP) collection using biodegradable hydrogel soft dendritic colloids (hSDCs). These dendritic colloids have abundant nanofibrils and a large surface area, which provide an abundance of interfacial interactions and excellent networking capabilities, allowing for the capture of plastic particles and other contaminants. Here, we show how the polymer composition and morphology of the hSDCs can impact the capture of microplastics modeled by latex microbeads. Additionally, we use colloidal DLVO theory to interpret the capture efficiencies of microbeads of different sizes and surface functional groups. The results demonstrate the microplastic remediation efficiency of hydrogel dendricolloids and highlight the primary factors involved in the microbead interactions and adsorption. On a practical level, the results show that the development of environmentally benign microcleaners based on naturally sourced materials could present a sustainable solution for microplastic cleanup.

Preparation of microbial agent immobilized composites for Cr(VI) removal from wastewater

ABSTRACT Because of its extreme toxicity and health risks, hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] has been identified as a major environmental contaminant. Bioreduction is considered as one of effective techniques for cleaning up Cr(VI)-contaminated sites, but the remediation efficiency needs to be enhanced. Here, a novel immobilized microbial agent was produced by immobilizing Bacillus cereus ZY-2009 with sodium alginate (SA) using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and activated carbon (AC). To evaluate the decrease of Cr(VI) by immobilized bacterial agents, batch tests were conducted with varying immobilization conditions, immobilization carriers, and dosages of medication. The removal of Cr(VI) by the agent prepared by the composite immobilization method was better than that by the adsorption and encapsulation methods. The optimal preparation conditions were the fraction of magnetic PVA was 5.00%, the fraction of SA was 4.00%, the fraction of CaCl2 was 4.00%, and the calcification time was 12 h. The experimental results indicated that PVA/SA/AC agents accelerated the reduction rate of Cr(VI). The removal rate of Cr(VI) by immobilized cells (90.5%) under ideal conditions was substantially higher than that of free cells (11.0%). This novel agent had a large specific surface area and a rich pore structure, accounting for its high reduction rate. The results suggest that the PVA/SA/AC immobilized Bacillus cereus ZY-2009 agent has great potential to remove Cr(VI) from wastewater treatment systems.

Fabrication of chitosan nanoparticles for the determination of phenylisatin and its analytical application in biological sample

The synthesis of 1Phenylisatin (Ph) incorporated chitosan nanoparticles (Ph CSNPs) was done utilizing the conventional sol–gel method. For the characterization of CSNPs and Ph CSNPs, different techniques like FTIR, SEM, XRD and TEM were utilized. The Ph CSNPs and the pure Ph were interacted with bovine serum albumin (BSA). The results of fluorescence quenching confirm that both the systems are static in nature. The decreased Ksv value for the nanoparticles confirms the increased remedial efficiency of the Ph CSNPs and therefore the synthesized CSNPs can be used as a drug delivery system. The developed fluorescence-based method also reports the quantification and detection limit values for the Ph molecule. The linear dynamic range after the optimization of experimental conditions was found to be 2.91–6.54 µg mL−1. The values of limit of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) for pure Ph system are 0.462 µg mL−1 and 1.54 µg mL−1 respectively, while for the Ph CSNPs system the values are 0.560 µg mL−1 (LOD) and 1.86 µg mL−1 (LOQ). These values were reported with high correlation coefficient values.