Utilization Efficiency Of Water Resources Research Articles

Optimal Operation of Multi-Reservoir System Based-On Cuckoo Search Algorithm

Efficient utilization of water resources by reservoir operation in arid and semi-arid regions has been a traditional and important approach to mitigate water and energy scarcity. As the complexity of water resources system increases, there are urgent needs to apply effective optimization techniques to derive better operation rules. The meta-heuristic algorithms have been an alternative to the optimal operation of multi-reservoir system (OOMRS) for their parallel search capabilities. This paper presents the application of the cuckoo search (CS) algorithm to OOMRS with the objective to maximize the energy production. The penalty method was used to handle the physical and operational constraints. To make the CS more efficient, the optimized parameters of the CS were selected based on the parameter sensibility analysis. Finally, the performance of the CS was accessed by comparison with the genetic algorithm (GA) and the particle swarm optimization (PSO) under the same objective function evaluations (FEs). A case study of China’s Wujiang multi-reservoir system reveals that the CS can provide better and more reliable optimal results with average energy production of 12.31 billion kW∙h, 10.43 billion kW∙h, and 10.02 billion kW∙h for three different scenarios, which are approximately 0.52, 0.32, and 1.64 % higher than that of the GA, respectively. Meanwhile, the convergence performance of the CS is also satisfying. Therefore, it can be concluded that the CS is quite promising in handling complex reservoir operation optimization problem in terms of its simple structure, excellent search efficiency, and strong robustness.

Analyses of the changing process and influencing factors of water resource utilization in megalopolis of arid area

Urumqi, a megacity located in an arid region, was selected as the object for this study. The level of economic development, population size, the efficiency of the industrial water use and the water resource development as well as utilization level were comprehensively considered. Through constructing all factor decomposition model, Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) decomposition method was used to conduct decomposition analyses on the factors that caused the changes in total water consumption and water use efficiency in Urumqi from 1995 to 2012. The relative contribution rates of various positively driving factors and inhibitory factors were calculated, and their influence levels and directions were measured. The results indicated that the level of economic development and water use intensity, and the effects of industrial water use structures, economic level, and water use intensity were the determining factors that influenced the water use consumption and efficiency respectively. The results obtained from this study could provide guidance for the studies on the correct understanding of the relationship between the process of water utilization and the process of economic development in this oasis city and for promoting the social and economic development and for increasing the ensuring ability of water resources. The adjustment of industrial structures and the upgrading of industrial technologies caused certain inhibitory effects on the total water consumption but these effects were not strong. Other methods used as the supplements are needed for relaxation of the sharp contradictions between the demand and supply of water resources. The amount of water supply per capital had inhibitory effects to a certain extent on water resource utilization efficiency. The efficiency of water resource utilization can be increased through controlling water resources supply to artificially create the shortage of water resource supply so that the contradictions between the increasing demand on water use for social and economic development and the water supply shortage can be effectively alleviated.

Urban water resource utilization efficiency in China

The efficient use of water resources directly affects environmental, social, and economic development; therefore, it has a significant impact on urban populations. A slacks-based measure for data envelopment analysis (SBM-DEA) has been widely used in energy efficiency and environmental efficiency analyses in recent years. Based on this model, data from 316 cities were examined and a category method was employed involving three different sorting techniques to empirically evaluate the efficiency of urban water resource utilization in China between 2000 and 2012. The overall efficiency (OE) of urban water resource utilization in China was initially low, but has improved over the past decade. The scale efficiency (SE) was higher than the pure technological efficiency (PTE); PTE is a major determining factor of OE, and has had an increasingly significant effect. The efficiency of water resource utilization varied according to the region, urban scale, and economic function. The OE score for the eastern China was higher than for the rest of the region, and the OE score for the western China was higher than for the central China. The OE score for urban water resource utilization has improved with urban expansion, except in the case of small cities. The SE showed an inverted ′U-shaped′ trend with increasing urban expansion. The OE of urban water utilization in comprehensive functional cities was greater than in economic specialization cities, and was greater in heavy industry specialization cities than in other specialization cities. This study contributes to the field of urban water resource management by examining variations in efficiency with urban scale.

Water Resources Compensation Policy and Application on Differential Empowerment System

Through the water compensation models, the article studies the effect of water resources compensation policy on the upstream and downstream areas under differential empowerment systems. Study finds that difference in water resources utilization efficiency is the precondition of water resources compensation policy implementation. With changes of water resources utilization efficiency, the compensation price changes in the same direction and the compensation amount changes in the opposite direction. Finally, water resources compensation policy will improve the welfare of both areas, which is highly consistent with Coase theorem.

Study on High Efficiency Technology of Industrial Circulating Water in Yellow River Estuary Area

Most of the water in yellow river estuary mixed with irrigation and leaching water, saline and brackish water, recycled water discharge into the sea without reuse except part for agriculture irrigation and aquaculture, a small part for recycling. In order to improve the efficiency and benefits of water resources utilization, this paper proposes a new way to study industrial water recycling method of the mixed water including irrigation and leaching water, saline and brackish water, recycled water. The research could have an important realistic significance to ease the contradiction between supply and demand of water resources, reduce reliance on the Yellow River and improve regional eco-environment.

Multi-reservoir joint operating rule in inter-basin water transfer-supply project

The joint operation of inter-basin water transfer-supply (IBWTS) project can be more complex when there is joint water demand in multi-reservoir system and multi-importing reservoirs simultaneously transferring water from exporting reservoir. In this study, a joint operating rule is proposed for the purpose of solving such complex operation problem. This rule is composed of a set of sub-rules, including hedging rule curves of virtual aggregation reservoir (i.e. equivalent reservoir) and other individual reservoirs, water-transfer rule curves of each individual reservoir, as well as some of important assisted rules. These assisted rules refer to allocation models for water transfer-supply. In the proposed rule, an equivalent reservoir is established to determine under what condition the water supply should be reduced and specify the total supplied water for joint water demand (i.e. aggregation method). Allocation models are developed to distribute the total transferred water into each importing reservoir and determine the water releases for joint water demand by each member reservoir of the aggregation system (i.e. decomposition method). And these models are integrated with a set of influence factors such as hydrologic characteristics, reservoir storage or vacant storage, regulating ability, water-supply pressure, and so on. The aggregation of multi-reservoirs and the disaggregation of water quantities are taken into a whole consideration to reduce the complexity in reallocation of water target storage or water release. Finally, the proposed rule is applied to the North-line IBWTS Project in Liaoning Province, China. The results indicate that the proposed rule can take full advantage of hydrologic compensation in basins and capacity compensation in reservoirs. Thus it can improve the utilization efficiency of water resources in system.

Agricultural Restructuring Based on the Water Resources Carrying Capacity in Shandong Province, China

The agricultural production in Shandong province is top the list in our country. Available irrigation water has become shorter because quantity of agriculture water use is larger in a part of Shandong, water environment being worse. The contradictory relations between agricultural water and available water resource as well as water environment are analyzed in typical areas, such as groundwater overdraft area, seawater intrusion area and agricultural production areas along the polluted river. The results showed that water resource cannot support the existing mode of agricultural production in these areas. It is suggested to promote agricultural restructuring based on the quantity and quality of the local water resource. Vegetable production bases are moved from Shouguang (in Weifang city of Shandong province, China) to the areas along the Yellow River. The export of vegetables will be reduced. To improve the guarantee degree of water supply, the crop production along the polluted river will be replaced by fast-growing plantation or the surface water irrigation will be changed into exploitation of groundwater. It is suggested to generalize water-saving irrigation system, reduce the amount of agricultural water and improve the utilization efficiency of water resources.

Xiangjiaba Reservoir Ecological Operation Preliminary Study Based on Genetic Algorithm

Traditional reservoir scheduling guarantees efficient utilization of water resources and maximizes hydropower station operation efficiency. However it doesn’t consider the surrounding ecological environment demand. Ecological operation which is based on Traditional reservoir scheduling makes the reservoir achieve long-term, sustainable operation and reduce adverse impacts on the ecological environment. Xiangjiaba reservoir is the ties of the downstream of jinsha river and the Yangtze river which is located in jinsha river basin ecological sensitive area. So the completion of the Xiangjiaba reservoir must result in unhealthy ecological environment impact. With traditional genetic algorithm (GA) encoding complexity and being easy to fall into local convergence limitation, put forward a kind of improved convergence of genetic algorithm, the improved genetic algorithm with real number coding and fitness function which is converted into a nonlinear trigonometric function selection operator. Select the adaptive crossover probability and mutation probability adjust, in order to improve the convergence of the algorithm. RVA method is used to calculate the IHA index upper and lower threshold value and the upper and lower threshold could value as the constraint conditions of ecological scheduling objective function model. The results show that the improved genetic algorithm converge makes the global optimal solution ability stronger and faster; RVA method is suitable for the jinshajiang river and results are more comprehensive and more reasonable.

Water resource utilization efficiency and spatial spillover effects in China

Based on provincial panel data of water footprint and grey water footprint, and with the help of data envelopment analysis model considering and without considering the undesirable output, this paper estimates the water resources utilization efficiency in China from 1997 to 2011. The spatial weighting matrix based on economy-spatial distance function is established to discuss spatial autocorrelation of water resources utilization efficiency. With the help of absolute β-convergence model, this paper concludes that there exists β-convergence in the water resources utilization efficiency. Under the conditions of considering and without considering the undesirable output, it takes about 52.6 and 5.6 years respectively to achieve the extent of half of convergence. By mean of the spatial Durbin econometric model, this paper studies spatial spillover effects of the provincial water resources utilization efficiency in China. The results are as follows. 1) With considering and without considering the undesirable output, there is significant spatial correlation in provincial water resource efficiency in China. 2) Under the two cases, the spatial autoregressive coefficients (ρ) are 0.278 and 0.507 respectively, at 1% significance level. There exist the spatial spillover effects of provincial water resources utilization efficiency. 3) With considering the undesirable output, these factors of the education funds, the transportation infrastructure, and the industrial and agricultural water consumption proportion have positive impacts. These factors of foreign direct investment, the industry value-added water consumption per ten thousand yuan, per capita water consumption, and the total precipitation have negative impacts. 4) Without considering the undesirable output, the factor of GDP per laborer has a greater positive significant influence on the water resources utilization efficiency. However the facts of industry value-added water consumption in ten thousand yuan and the transportation infrastructure have no significant influence. 5) Regardless of undesirable output of water resources utilization efficiency, the assessment of the present real water resources utilization in China will be distorted and policy-making will be misled. The water efficiency measure considering environmental factors (such as gray water footprint) is more reasonable.

Data Mining Model in Regional Target Decomposition of Water Resources Utilization Efficiency

Data mining model is the most important technical basis of the control target decomposition for the most stringent water resources management of Shandong province. K-means clustering model is adopted to analysis the water withdrawal of industrial added value per ten thousand yuan in 2010. Based on the yearly industrial water consumption trend from 1995 to 2010 of 17 municipal-level cities in Shandong province, the ARIMA (p, d, q) model is established through a lot of fitting and optimization and then the regional industrial water demand and water utilization efficiency in 2015 were forecasted. According to the proposed principal and technical route of target decomposition, the industrial water utilization efficiency target in 2015 of the whole province and 17 municipal-level cities are defined respectively.

Assessing the Carrying Capacity of Water Resources in Wuhan City, China

The carrying capacity of water resources is one of the focuses in water resources research, and it has an important significance in measuring the effects of water resources on regional development. Wuhan City is selected as an example in this study. Eight indexes are selected to assess the carrying capacity of water resources in Wuhan City in recent three years based on the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. The results show that the degree of exploitation and utilization of water resources is relative high, and the potential of carrying capacity is relatively small. In addition, the contradiction between supply and demand of water resources is outstanding, and it tends to overload. The fundamental measures are put forward to improve water resources carrying capacity such as improving the utilization efficiency of water resources and enhancing the capacity of water saving from the perspective of promoting economic and social development

Optimization of Multi-Objective Crop Pattern Based on Water and Fertilizer Resources Allocation

To enhance the utilization efficiency of water and fertilizer resources, and improve agricultural ecological environment in resettlement area, a crop planting structure optimization model was established by the use of multiple objective linear programming (MOLP) method, and solved by two-phase algorithm. In this model, multiple targets, such as the economic, social and ecological benefits of this region were taken into account. The results showed that the MOLP model and its solution were feasible and practical. The optimized area of rice, corn and tobacco reduced by 16%, 100% and 76% respectively, and the optimized area of wheat and sugarcane increased by 82% and 78% compared with the current planting area. And the net economic and social benefits increased by 4% and 62%. The optimization scheme played a guiding role in the adjustment of agricultural structure, and promoted the sustainable development of agriculture in resettlement area.

Industrial Structure Adjustment of Shaanxi Province under the Limited Water Resources Condition

Shaanxi Province is a region poor of water resources in China, and the lack of water resources is becoming a key factor which restricts the social and economic development of Shaanxi Province. In the perspective of efficient utilization of water resources, Shaanxi Province is committed to the transformation of the economic growth and the industrial structure, and treats these measures as important guarantees for the future development of Shaanxi Province. This paper focuses on building multi-objective programming model of industrial structure optimization under the limited water resources condition, indicates the direction of the industrial transfor- mation and water consumption structural adjustment by solving the model, and furthermore points out the key factors that affect the development of Shaanxi Province in the future. Finally, the authors give some advices of promoting the reasonable and effective utilization of water resources of Shaanxi Province.

气候变化对鄱阳湖水位变化的影响分析

水位变化直接关系鄱阳湖流域防汛抗旱的科学决策、水资源的高效利用、水生态健康以及湖区经济的可持续发展。利用鄱阳湖各站点的平均日降水、气温和水位资料，建立了三层反向传播神经网络模型(BP- NNM)。基于统计降尺度方法把全球气候模式BCC-CSM1-1输出结果降解到流域尺度的气温和降水数据，输入到BP-NNM得到未来气候变化情景下鄱阳湖水位系列，对未来鄱阳湖的平均水位进行分析。研究结果表明：在RCP4.5情节下，鄱阳湖未来平均水位的多年均值变幅小于2.5%，但是平均水位的年际变化在各月份之间差异较大。The water level change directly relates to scientific decision-making of flood control and drought relief, efficient utilization of water resources, healthy of water ecology and sustainable development of economy in the Poyang Lake basin. Back Propagation Neural Networks Model (BP-NNM) was established based on observed daily temperature, precipitation and water level data series in this study region. The statistical downscale method was coupled with BCC-CSM1-1 global climate model to obtain basin scale air temperature and precipitation data series, and then as inputs of BP-NNM to simulate future water levels of the Poyang Lake. The future average water levels of the Poyang Lake were analyzed and discussed. The results show that the future annual mean water level change will less than 2.5% compared to the baseline period, but the inter-annual variability of water levels among months is large under RCP4.5 scenarios.

Construction of Water Resources Utilization Efficiency Evaluation Index System Based on Cloud Model

This paper presents a method for selecting indexes based on cloud model. The natural language qualitative evaluation of water resources utilization efficiency (WRUE) indexes from several experts were converted into quantitative score values. The randomness and fuzziness of conversion process could be fully reflected. Based on the basic index set of WRUE and fifty experts` comments, cloud model was used to calculate each index`s value. Finally, eight indexes covering overall, agricultural, industrial and living industry were selected to construct the evaluation index system. Cloud model is convenient, objective, and the calculation process is simple. The construction of evaluation index system lays a good foundation for the evaluation of WURE.

Quantifying time lag of epikarst-spring hydrograph response to rainfall using correlation and spectral analyses

Understanding spring-flow characteristics in karst areas is very important for efficient utilization of water resources. The time lag of a spring-hydrograph response to rainfall is related to karst hydrogeological properties such as thickness, porosity and hydraulic conductivity. The length of the time lag can be determined based on results of the time-series analysis. However, some approaches, with different identifying indicators, give different lengths of the time lag. In this study, the flow-discharge series of two hillslope springs located in a karst area of southwest China were used to compute lengths of the time lag. The thickness and porosity of the epikarst-zone fractures on the two hillslopes were estimated based on a ground-penetrating radar investigation and field measurement. Based on comparison of lengths of the time lag computed by auto- and cross-correlation analyses, the identifying indicators of the time lag were classified into three types for measuring short, intermediate and long-term responses of the spring hydrograph to rainfall. The study also reveals that the time lag of spring-hydrograph response to rainfall in the thick epikarst zone is much longer than that in the thin epikarst zone.

Evaluation of Water Resource Based on Carrying Capacity in Gansu

Water Resource Carrying Capacity related to Economic Sustainable Development of an area. To improve the utilization efficiency of water resources in Gansu.Carrying Capacity of the Water Resource provides a useful measure of the sustainable development of a region. The results showed that most parts of Gansu Province overloading of water resources. And the situation of Water Resources Carrying is far from adequate.And the utilization degree of water resources in Gansu is at the highest level and the exploitation potential is small.

A Dissipative Hydrological Model and its Application in the Hotan Oasis

Hydrological model is an essential tool that has played an important role to manage water resources. In the arid oasis plain, there is almost no runoff from the rainfall event. Water supply mainly depends on the surface runoff generated from the rainfall, snow and glaciers melting in the mountainous region. The oasis is a place where runoff components gradually disappear through evaporation, transpiration. Due to human activities, water transformation occurs frequently among surface runoff, soil water, and groundwater. Based on the oasis water cycle and monthly water balance, a dissipative hydrological model was developed to simulate the quantitative relationship among atmospheric water, surface water, soil water and groundwater. The data set collected in the Hotan Oasis was applied to calibrate the model parameters and validate the model. The results showed that the model structure is reasonable and it can be used to compute the volumes of water consumption in the oasis. By quantitatively calculating the components of water balance, we can kwon where and how much water goes and responding measures of water resources regulation would be made to facilitate the effective and efficient utilization of water resources.

Study on Efficiency of Rainfall and Flood Water Resources Utilization in Coastal Area

Due to the rich resources of urban rainwater and transit flood in coastal areas, rational utilization of rainfall and flood water resources can improve the sustainable utilization, to better serve the coastal development. In this paper, the available quantity of water rainfall and flood water resources in coastal are distributed to domestic water, industrial water, agricultural water and ecologic environmental water. Water price method is used to calculate domestic water efficiency. Energy synthesis is used to calculate the industrial and agricultural water-use efficiency. Ecologic environmental water-use efficiency-sharing coefficient method is used to calculate the ecologic environmental water-use efficiency. Finally, taking Lianyungang City, a Jiangsu coastal city as an example to analyze the rainfall and flood water resources utilization efficiency. The results provide reference to the research for Chinas plain area rainfall and flood water resources efficiency analysis.

Evolutionary mechanism of water cycle and efficient utilization of water resources in the Haihe River Basin

Water cycle in the river basin constitutes the objective basis of water resources evolution. Whatever their manifestations, water resources problems can all attribute to the imbalances caused by the evolution of water cycle or its associated processes in the river basin. Various types of water activities for solution to water problems are in nature a regulation of natural-social dualistic water cycle or its associated processes in the river basin. China is one of those countries which are faced with the most violent water cycle evolution and serious water problems with the Haihe River Basin as the