Efficient Transport System Research Articles

Emerging Data-Driven Calibration Research on an Improved Link Performance Function in an Urban Area

The reliability of urban transportation systems is crucial for ensuring smooth traffic flow and minimizing disruptions caused by external factors. This study focuses on improving the stability and efficiency of transportation systems through the calibration of a refined link performance function while building upon the U.S. Bureau of Public Roads (BPR) model. To achieve this, we propose three customized algorithms—Newton’s method, Bayesian optimization, and the differential evolutionary algorithm—to calibrate the key parameters. Additionally, we conducted a sensitivity analysis to assess the influences of the model parameters on link performance. Numerical experiments conducted in Yuyao City demonstrate the applicability and efficacy of the proposed model and solution algorithms. Our results reveal that the Newton approach is notably more efficient than the Bayesian optimization algorithm and the differential evolutionary algorithm.

A highly robust gas network simulation approach through an inherently solvable problem formulation for network states far from intended design points

Pipeline networks are an efficient and widespread transportation system for supplying natural gas as well as increasingly green gas to Europe. However, they are exposed to risks arising from environmental factors, accidents, crime and political issues. This work contributes to the assessment of gas transmission networks and enables a targeted improvement of their resilience. Therefore, the objective of this work is to develop a simulation tool that enables gas transmission system operators (TSOs) to identify weak spots, e.g. potential bottle necks, in their pipeline networks. To this end, a steady-state gas network simulation approach is developed that provides fast results for gas supply deficiencies for complete sets of multi-event disruption scenarios, enabling the identification of the most important network elements. This paper describes how to implement a computationally fast, numerically robust, and physically accurate gas network simulation and assessment tool. By solving mass and momentum balance equations, it accounts for key network elements such as flow control valves, pressure control valves, compressor stations, gas sources, and gas consumers. The central feature that distinguishes this approach from classical steady state solvers is the robustness of the gas flow calculation through the choice of a problem boundary condition formulation, which results in an inherently solvable system of equations. This feature is key in ensuring mathematical convergence of predictions for gas network states that strongly deviate from their original design point, where boundary conditions must not become mathematically invalid but need to reflect physically reasonable behavior. The capabilities of the system are demonstrated using a fictitious gas network and a representative national gas transmission network. Finally, the limits of applicability are outlined based on the size of the network under consideration and the types of analyses.

Interfacial and Electronic Modulation of M-Bridged Heterostructures with L-Tryptophan and Transition Metallic Oxides: Enhancing Corrosion Resistance and Photocatalytic Activity.

Despite remarkable advancements in multilayer composite materials, achieving controlled growth on stationary platforms for optimal corrosion protection and photocatalytic capabilities remains a challenge. In this study, we introduce an innovative approach by integrating bifunctional metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) into plasma-electrolyzed layers made on AZ31 Mg alloy. Metallic oxides of Zr, Ti, and W serve as new pivotal centers for MOF formation, while L-tryptophan (Trp) acts as an organic linker. This innovative approach establishes an efficient electron transport system that acts as a functional pathway for creating highly effective and versatile materials. The tunable structure of the MOF/plasma electrolyzed layer enables it to concurrently display electrochemical stability and photocatalytic activity for the photodegradation of organic pollutants. Remarkably, the WOF complex emerges as a standout performer, effectively shielding the substrate from corrosive anion attacks. This sample showcases exceptional photocatalytic efficiency of 99.61% for crystal violet solution, with sustained performance after five cycles and a 72 h corrosion test (96.55% and 98.39% degradation, respectively). Moreover, DFT calculations elucidate the fundamental bonding modes between MOFs and inorganic constituents, delivering comprehensive insights into their structural formation. Our research addresses the critical challenge of achieving controlled growth for enhanced corrosion resistance and photocatalytic activity, demonstrating a novel pathway for creating multifunctional materials with practical applications across various fields.

An efficient key agreement and anonymous privacy preserving scheme for vehicular ad‐hoc networks with handover authentication

SummaryVehicular ad‐hoc networks (VANETs) have gained significant attention in recent years due to their potential to improve the safety and efficiency of transportation systems. VANETs are a type of wireless ad‐hoc network that enables communication between vehicles and between vehicles and roadside infrastructure. VANETs can also improve the efficiency of transportation systems by reducing traffic congestion and improving traffic flow. In addition to improving safety and efficiency, VANETs also face several challenges. One of the biggest challenges is ensuring the security and privacy of the data transmitted over the network. In this manuscript, an anonymous authentication scheme for VANET users is proposed along with privacy preservation and confidentiality. An efficient session key agreement protocol is designed for transferring location‐based information between the vehicle user and the roadside unit (RSU). Further, updated session keys are transferred to the subsequent RSU, when the vehicle user moves to another location. Moreover, re‐authentication of VANET users is completely evaded during to handover authentication, thus reducing the computational overhead. In addition, Resistance to different security assaults is discussed in this work through informal analysis. Finally, performance is compared with different relevant schemes and validated through Cygwin software.

SE-Lightweight YOLO: Higher Accuracy in YOLO Detection for Vehicle Inspection

Against the backdrop of ongoing urbanization, issues such as traffic congestion and accidents are assuming heightened prominence, necessitating urgent and practical interventions to enhance the efficiency and safety of transportation systems. A paramount challenge lies in realizing real-time vehicle monitoring, flow management, and traffic safety control within the transportation infrastructure to mitigate congestion, optimize road utilization, and curb traffic accidents. In response to this challenge, the present study leverages advanced computer vision technology for vehicle detection and tracking, employing deep learning algorithms. The resultant recognition outcomes provide the traffic management domain with actionable insights for optimizing traffic flow management and signal light control through real-time data analysis. The study demonstrates the applicability of the SE-Lightweight YOLO algorithm, as presented herein, showcasing a noteworthy 95.7% accuracy in vehicle recognition. As a prospective trajectory, this research stands poised to serve as a pivotal reference for urban traffic management, laying the groundwork for a more efficient, secure, and streamlined transportation system in the future. To solve the existing vehicle detection problems in vehicle type recognition, recognition and detection accuracy need to be improved, alongside resolving the issues of slow detection speed, and others. In this paper, we made innovative changes based on the YOLOv7 framework: we added the SE attention transfer mechanism in the backbone module, and the model achieved better results, with a 1.2% improvement compared with the original YOLOv7. Meanwhile, we replaced the SPPCSPC module with the SPPFCSPC module, which enhanced the trait extraction of the model. After that, we applied the SE-Lightweight YOLO to the field of traffic monitoring. This can assist transportation-related personnel in traffic monitoring and aid in creating big data on transportation. Therefore, this research has a good application prospect.

Activity based trip generation model for Mulanthuruthy Grama Panchayat

Systematic approaches to traffic problems could easily lead to efficient transport systems. In the case of the panchayat of Mulanthuruthy situated in south-eastern suburb of the city of Kochi in Kerala, the demand for travel gradually increases each year. In the coming years, current traffic systems may not be able to fully cover this growing mandate. Trip Generation is the first step in the Sequential Demand Modelling arrangement which is also called as the Four Step Transportation Planning Process (FSTP). The goal of trip generation modelling is to predict the number of trips, by purpose, that are generated in a study area. This paper focuses on factors influencing trip generation and to create a trip generation model for Mulanthuruthy Grama Panchayat. From the questionnaire household survey was conducted, correlation between variables and number of trip generated and cross tabulation of purpose and mode of transport is done

Забезпечення статичного балансування легкого транспортного літака під час зміни його маршових двигунів

The process of improving the existing aircraft fleet through the development of modifications has become widespread in both domestic and foreign aircraft manufacturing. Under modern conditions, no country in the world is capable of simultaneously modernizing all types of aircraft. Economic and scientific-technical resources are usually directed toward developing those types for which there is the greatest demand. Limiting the number of types in conjunction with developing modifications for existing aircraft significantly contributes to increasing the efficiency of the entire air transport system. Objectively, there are several reasons for modifications in transport-category aircraft. The first reason is associated with increasing discrepancies between technical and economic indicators. The second reason is related to the use of this type of transport in practical human activities, which is progressively expanding. The third reason is the influence of time. Creating modifications allows to a certain extent to resolve the contradiction between the deadlines for creating complex modern technology, which have increased, and the accelerated pace of scientific and technological progress. The subject of this study is the process of ensuring static balancing of a light transport aircraft during the replacement of its propulsion engines. The goal is to develop models for ensuring the static balancing of a light transport aircraft (LTA) in conditions involving changes in its propulsion engines and reconfiguring the lifting surface system while minimizing the aerodynamic quality costs for balancing changes in the LTA. Tasks: Determine the process of ensuring static balancing of transport category aircraft considering the coefficient of static stability degree; peculiarities of applying this coefficient in balancing a LTA; establish the correlation between the coefficient of static stability degree and the aerodynamic polar of a balanced LTA; quantitatively evaluate and minimize the losses of wing aerodynamic quality to achieve static balancing of the LTA. The obtained scientific results enable both the balancing of a LTA and the minimization of aerodynamic quality losses. Conclusions: Based on the obtained dependencies and their numerical analysis, it has been established that when replacing the engines of a light transport aircraft with a payload capacity of 9.1 tons, the coefficient of static stability of 0.15 complies with the requirements of the Airworthiness Standards for Transport Category Aircraft. During the numerical analysis, it was also determined that for such an aircraft, the aerodynamic quality losses amounted to 7%–9%, which is acceptable for the considered aircraft type.

Adaptive Truck Platooning with Drones: A Decentralized Approach for Highway Monitoring

The increasing demand for efficient and safe transportation systems has led to the development of autonomous vehicles and vehicle platooning. Truck platooning, in particular, offers numerous benefits, such as reduced fuel consumption, enhanced traffic flow, and increased safety. In this paper, we present a drone-based decentralized framework for truck platooning in highway monitoring scenarios. Our approach employs multiple drones, which communicate with the trucks and make real-time decisions on whether to form a platoon or not, leveraging Model Predictive Control (MPC) and Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) for drone formation control. The proposed framework integrates a simple truck model in the existing drone-based simulation, addressing the truck dynamics and constraints for practical applicability. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach in maintaining the desired platoon formations while ensuring collision avoidance and adhering to the vehicle constraints. This innovative drone-based truck platooning system has the potential to significantly improve highway monitoring efficiency, traffic management, and safety. Our drone-based truck platooning system is primarily designed for implementation in highway monitoring and management scenarios, where its enhanced communication and real-time decision-making capabilities can significantly contribute to traffic efficiency and safety. Future work may focus on field trials to validate the system in real-world conditions and further refine the algorithms based on practical feedback and evolving vehicular technologies.

IMPROVING THE ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY OF URBAN SYSTEMS IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES ON THE BASIS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

The article analyzes the main aspects of green building implementation as an element of promoting the achievement of sustainable development goals and improving the environmental safety of urbanized systems. The article highlights the sustainable development goals on which green building has a direct or indirect impact, indicating the criteria for improving the environment, promoting resource conservation and energy efficiency. Today, the construction industry in Ukraine is one of the largest polluters of the environment, along with industrial enterprises and transportation. That is why the issue of minimizing the construction industry's impact on the environment is relevant. To determine the real impact of a building on the environment, it is proposed to use innovative methods, such as life cycle analysis, which is a systematic approach to assessing the environmental and social impact of a building throughout its life, including design, construction, operation, and reconstruction/demolition. This analysis helps to determine the optimal construction solutions, taking into account the requirements of biosphere compatibility and sustainable development. The article describes the main advantages of green building. Green buildings use energy-efficient technologies and materials that help reduce emissions of harmful substances into the air and water. This helps to reduce environmental pollution and improve air quality. Green buildings often use solar panels, wind turbines, and other sources of renewable energy to help reduce dependence on fossil fuel consumption and ensure a stable energy supply. Green buildings aim to reduce the consumption of natural resources, such as water and wood, through the implementation of efficient resource management systems and the use of recycled materials. Green building can contribute to the development of sustainable infrastructure, such as efficient water supply, sewerage and urban transport systems, which ensures the sustainable functioning of urbanized systems. The article highlights the main concepts that contribute to improving environmental safety and achieving sustainable development goals: the use of energy-efficient materials and technologies, the use of renewable energy sources, reducing the consumption of natural resources, and promoting the development of sustainable infrastructure in urbanized systems. The author highlights the limited legal, regulatory and legislative framework for the implementation of green building as one of the elements for further analysis of the possibility of implementing European standards in state legislation. Keywords: environmental safety, green building, sustainable development, urban systems, innovative solutions

The structure of variable assessment of the feasibility of organizing urban passenger transport priority traffic

Problem. An important source of increasing the efficiency of urban transport systems is the development of high-speed connections, which in practice can be achieved by allocating special traffic lanes for urban passenger transport. However, at the stage of justifying such a decision, it is necessary to comprehensively assess the expected positive results and all possible risks, including the complication of traffic conditions. Goal. The purpose of the work is to establish a procedure for determining a rational variant of organizing priority movement of urban passenger transport from the standpoint of evaluating the improvement of the route efficiency and the emergence of critical risks of functioning of the street and road network elements. Methodology. As a basis for establishing the principles of evaluating the options for organization of high-speed urban passenger transport, an analysis of their impact on improving the quality of public transport services, capital costs for the implementation of such measures and possible negative consequences for the street and road network was used. Results. The central part of evaluating the variant of organizing the priority traffic of urban passenger transport is determination of the value of the permissible risk. As a risk, an assessment of the degree of organization of high-speed connections was used, which from the point of view of consumers provides the possibility of obtaining a positive result in relation to travel time, reducing the number of rolling stock on the route and ensuring a suitable level of capacity of the street-road network. Qualitative assessment of the parameters of the risk system is carried out using linguistic variables that can be represented in the form of basic term-sets. For risk factors, such assessments are presented in three variants: low, partial and full compliance with the requirements of the organization of high-speed communication. Originality. The analysis of the systematicity, completeness and interconnectedness of the conditions for the formation of management decisions in the field of choosing an option for the organization of priority urban passenger transport made it possible to form the principles of using a risk system, whose unity is ensured by taking into account the interrelationships of the time parameters of traffic on the route and the conditions of traffic complications on the network. The formation of a fuzzy product includes the description of its components, that is, the prerequisites and the conclusion, whose combination determines the fuzzy product. Input components of products are divided into two groups: route parameters and road network parameters. Practical value. According to the results of experimental calculations for route No. 24 “District 602 – Academika Barabashova metro station” (Kharkiv) established that the implementation of special traffic lanes for urban passenger transport is appropriate only on a separate section of the route. This is due to the fact that on this section of the road network, a pleasant level of risk of traffic complications will be ensured, and a 37% reduction in journey time will lessen the need for rolling stock on the route to 6 units.

Implementation of Urban Policy and Sustainable Development Goal 11 in Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Abuja

The quest to achieve Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 11 target through implementation of urban policies has continued to pose challenges in developing countries including Nigeria and Federal Capital Territory (FCT) Abuja in particular. The purpose of this paper is to examine the ways implementation of urban policies has influenced the realization of SDG 11 goals in the FCT given the challenges confronting the residents in the city, particularly in the areas of clean water and efficient transportation system. The paper was anchored on the elite theory which helps in explaining the connection between implementation of SDG 11 target and elite preferences. The population of the study consisted of 3,510 respondents, while the sample size of the study was 360 respondents determined using Rakesh sample size formula.360 questionnaires were administered. Twenty-five (25) respondents were selected for an in-depth interview on the basis of their knowledge on issues under study. Data, particularly in the areas of clean water were also collected using secondary sources. Data from questionnaires were analyzed using percentages and frequency tables, while data from in-depth interviews were analyzed using textual methods. Data from secondary sources were analyzed using relational-content analysis. Among other things, findings revealed that the level of implementation of urban development before the introduction of SDG 11 has been very poor, while the SDG 11 has not brought meaningful development in FCT since inception based on the records available. On the basis of the findings, it is concluded that significant improvement in the level of implementation of urban development policies in the FCT is vital to ensuring the objectives of SDG 11 target in the city and in its suburban areas are achieved. Among other things, it was recommended that urban development policies regarding availability of clean water should be adequately implemented in FCT in order to achieve SDG 11 targets in the city, while at the same time, implementing the Abuja Master Plan to achieve an efficient transportation system in the city.

Analysis and Synthesis of Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control Against the Hetero-Integration Poly-Net Loop Delays

Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control (CACC) is a promising technology for improving the capacity and energy efficiency of the ground transportation system. In this paper, a novel CACC control scheme is proposed to deal with the adverse impacts of both inter- and intra-vehicle network delays. First, a hetero-integration poly-net (PN) loop delay analysis method is presented to clarify the system delays in CACC considering both inter- and intra-vehicle network influences. A mathematic equation is put forward to calculate the upper bound of the PN loop delays. Then a collaborative software-defined network scheme is presented to deal with the PN loop delays, which consists of the application/strategy, network-control and network-data planes. In the network-control plane, a fraction-type basic period scheduling method is adopted. In the application/strategy plane, a delay-tolerant model predictive controller is designed for decision-making while a combination of an <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">H_∞</i> controller and a linear quadratic regulator is adopted for acceleration tracking control against local intra-vehicle network delays. Finally, the proposed scheme is verified under a variety of scenarios based on comprehensive Hardware-in-the-Loop tests.

Analysis of Traffic Characteristics in Beijing --Based on the Traffic Performance Index

This study aims to deal with the increasingly serious urban traffic congestion problem, taking Beijing as a case study. With the increase in population, traffic congestion has become a serious problem affecting peoples life quality and social and economic development. This study uses the time series analysis and uses the ARIMA (1,0,0) (0,1,1)12 model to forecast the traffic performance index (TPI) data of the past ten years, and deeply analyzes the traffic congestion situation of the next twelve months. The results show that this model can capture the seasonal trend of traffic congestion well, and provide strong decision support for traffic management departments. Through the interpretation and analysis of the forecast, this study gives a series of traffic management suggestions for different months to achieve the alleviation and optimization of urban traffic congestion. In conclusion, this study provides a useful reference for urban traffic management and planning and contributes to the construction of a more efficient, convenient, and sustainable urban transportation system.

5G handover issues and techniques for vehicular communications

&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;Vehicular communication is gaining popularity, and seamless handover is critical to maintaining a stable and uninterrupted network connection between vehicles and roadside units. This paper investigates the advancements in handover approaches in vehicular networks, with a specific focus on 5G technology. Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) face challenges due to high mobility, dynamic network topology, and frequent information exchange. The paper discusses handover issues in 5G VANET environments, such as too-late and too-early handovers, wrong handover decisions, and unnecessary handovers. It also explores key performance indicators (KPIs) used in handover evaluation. The advancements in handover approaches presented in this paper pave the way for enhanced connectivity and communication management in 5G VANETs, contributing to the development of safer and more efficient intelligent transportation systems.&lt;/span&gt;

Male and Female Mitochondria Respond Differently after Exercising in Acute Hypoxia.

The use of hypoxic devices among athletes who train in normobaric hypoxia has become increasingly popular; however, the acute effects on heart and brain metabolism are not yet fully understood. This study aimed to investigate the mitochondrial bioenergetics in trained male and female Wistar rats after acute hypoxia training. The experimental plan included exercising for 30 min on a treadmill in a Plexiglas cage connected to a hypoxic generator set at 12.5% O2 or in normoxia. After the exercise, the rats were sacrificed, and their mitochondria were isolated from their brains and hearts. The bioenergetics for each complex of the electron transport chain was tested using a Clark-type electrode. The results showed that following hypoxia training, females experienced impaired oxidative phosphorylation through complex II in heart subsarcolemmal mitochondria, while males had an altered ADP/O in heart interfibrillar mitochondria, without any change in oxidative capacity. No differences from controls were evident in the brain, but an increased electron transport system efficiency was observed with complex I and IV substrates in males. Therefore, the study's findings suggest that hypoxia training affects the heart mitochondria of females more than males. This raises a cautionary flag for female athletes who use hypoxic devices.

Machine-learning based optimization of a biomimiced herringbone microstructure for superior aerodynamic performance

Biomimicry involves drawing inspiration from nature’s designs to create efficient systems. For instance, the unique herringbone riblet pattern found in bird feathers has proven effective in minimizing drag. While attempts have been made to replicate this pattern on structures like plates and aerofoils, there has been a lack of comprehensive optimization of their overall design and of their constituent individual repeating structures. This study attempts to enhance the performance of individual components within the herringbone riblet pattern by leveraging computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and supervised machine learning to reduce drag. The paper outlines a systematic process involving the creation of 107 designs, parameterization, feature selection, generating targets using CFD simulations, and employing regression algorithms. From CFD calculations, the drag coefficients (C d ) for these designs are found, which serve as an input to train supervised learning models. Using the trained transformed target regressor model as a substitute to CFD, C d values for 10,000 more randomly generated herringbone riblet designs are predicted. The design with the lowest predicted C d is the optimized design. Notably, the regressed model exhibited an average prediction error rate of 6% on the testing data. The prediction of C d for the optimized design demonstrated an error of 4% compared to its actual C d value calculated through CFD. The study also delves into the mechanics of drag reduction in herringbone riblet structures. The resulting optimized microstructure design holds the potential for reducing drag in various applications such as aerospace, automotive, and marine crafts by integrating it onto their surfaces. This innovative approach could significantly transform drag reduction and open pathways to more efficient transportation systems.

A distributed message authentication scheme with reputation mechanism for Internet of Vehicles

Real-time and interactive traffic information sharing systems are crucial in the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) as they enable vehicles to make informed decisions, thereby improving the efficiency of intelligent transportation systems (ITS). Message authentication ensures the accuracy, integrity, and tamper-resistance of information in IoV. Existing schemes aim to achieve time-critical message authentication. However, these schemes are time-consuming and cannot meet the real-time requirements of IoV. Additionally, there are issues with latency in data synchronization and data redundancy when vehicles traverse different domains. We propose an efficient, distributed, and resistant-to-malicious-attacks authentication scheme based on the reputation mechanism. Our scheme supports batch verification, enabling fast authentication. By leveraging the decentralized and ledger-synchronized features of blockchain, our distributed scheme reduces data redundancy. We also employ a reputation mechanism to ensure reliable reports in IoVs. We experimentally confirm that our scheme outperforms EADA (59.73%), RCoM (76.35%), MLGSDT (63.36%), and TRAJ (82.08%). This approach provides a secure and reliable solution for report authentication.

Transport causality knowledge-guided GCN for propagated delay prediction in airport delay propagation networks

Flight delays pose a worldwide challenge that significantly affect the safety and efficiency of air transportation systems. However, propagated delay prediction, as well as its causality among airport delay propagation networks, has not considered some crucial issues regarding spatiotemporal dependence and propagation relationships. Thus, this study proposes a transport causality knowledge-guided extended graph convolutional network (GCN) framework to tackle these issues. In particular, a causality knowledge-guided airport delay propagation network (ADPN) is developed using the second modified transfer entropy (SMTE) principle. Furthermore, a causality-embedded adjacency matrix is utilized by an extended GCN for propagated delay prediction. Comprehensive validations and results indicate that the proposed method benefits significantly from the causality knowledge, and increases the prediction performances up to 15.51%. Thus, transport causality is significant and efficient for understanding propagated delay features and airport delay propagation network characteristics.

Building A Penta Helix Collaboration Model On Mass Rapid Transit Jakarta

The population in Jakarta as a metropolis continues to increase along with the growing phenomenon of urbanization, which impacts increasing population mobility. The Jakarta Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) public transportation policy is significant in addressing urban mobility challenges and improving efficient transportation systems. This study aims to analyze the collaboration of the five pillars of penta helix on the Jakarta Mass Rapid Transit (MRT), both in government, companies, academics, media, and the environment in the development of the Jakarta MRT. The research used a qualitative method with a descriptive and exploratory design approach from January to August 2023. This study uses data collection techniques through in-depth interviews, observations, literature reviews, and policy analysis related to the Jakarta MRT. The results showed that the Penta Helix model is a framework for developing the Jakarta MRT. Close collaboration between government, companies, academics, the environment, and the media is needed to achieve effective and sustainable MRT services. Practical cooperation between the helixes is critical to overcoming obstacles in the Jakarta MRT system. The Jakarta MRT can contribute more to an efficient and sustainable urban transportation system. The study recommends that the company facilitate cross-sector cooperation, increase community participation, and adopt the latest technological solutions in the development and sustainable operation of the Jakarta MRT.

The potential development of electric motorcycles in remote areas case study: Agats District, Asmat Regency, Indonesia

The Agats District, a remote region in Papua, Indonesia, faces the daunting challenge of developing sustainable and efficient transportation systems due to its unique geographical features, such as tidal areas and inadequate road infrastructure. As traditional fossil-fuelled vehicles prove impractical in this setting, adopting electric motorcycles has become paramount. This study delves into the extensive usage of electric motorcycles in Agats, where approximately 90% of the population relies on these eco-friendly vehicles. The importance of this research is underscored by its potential to inform policymakers and serve as a benchmark for promoting electric vehicle ecosystems in similarly remote regions worldwide. Employing in-depth interviews and comprehensive data analysis, the study explores the intricate interplay between supply and demand factors, analyzes the electric motorcycle ecosystem's development stages, and utilizes the Social Business Model Canvas (SBMC) approach to elucidate the adaptation process. The results reveal the critical role of income, government policies, production costs, and geographical factors in shaping electric motorcycle adoption while offering a holistic understanding of Agats' unique electric vehicle ecosystem.