Efficacy Of Different Doses Research Articles

Soluble Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products Alleviates Nephritis in (NZB/NZW)F1 Mice

To investigate the efficacy of different doses of the soluble form of the receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE) (conjugated to the Fc portion of immunoglobulin) in the treatment of nephritis in lupus-prone mice, in comparison with the efficacy of combination therapy with mycophenolate mofetil plus prednisolone. Twenty-eight female (NZB/NZW)F1 mice were divided into 5 groups (untreated, sRAGE [dose groups of 0.5, 1, or 2 μg], or mycophenolate mofetil plus prednisolone). Proteinuria and histologic damage were evaluated. Immune complex deposition and the nuclear translocation of NF-κB in the kidney tissue were assessed by immunofluorescence staining. Serum concentrations of anti-double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) and IgG subclasses were also measured. The population of T cells was evaluated using a fluorescence-activated cell sorter, and expression of intracellular adhesion molecule 1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 in the kidney tissue was assessed by immunohistochemical staining. In comparison with untreated mice, mice treated with 1 or 2 μg sRAGE showed significantly reduced proteinuria and attenuated histologic renal damage, with efficacy comparable to that of combination therapy. Treatment with 2 μg sRAGE significantly reduced immune complex deposition and decreased the serum concentrations of anti-dsDNA, IgG2a, IgG2b, and IgG3. In addition, sRAGE interrupted the nuclear translocation of NF-κB in the kidney, resulting in reduction in the expression of downstream genes of NF-κB in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, sRAGE effectively modified T cell populations. Treatment with sRAGE significantly improved nephritis in lupus-prone mice, with efficacy comparable to that of standard induction treatment for lupus nephritis. These data suggest that sRAGE has antiinflammatory effects on the pathophysiology of lupus nephritis and could serve as a potent new therapy for this disease.

Efficacy of different doses of dexmedetomidine mixed with ropivacaine for brachial plexus block

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of different doses of dexmedetomidine mixed with ropivacaine for brachial plexus block.Methods One hundred and twenty ASA physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients of both sexes,aged 20-60 yr,weighing 40-70 kg,scheduled for upper extremity surgery under brachial plexus block,were randomly divided into 6 groups (n =20 each):ropivacaine group (group R) and different doses of dexmedetomidine groups (groups RD1-5).Brachial plexus block was performed using the interscalene approach.In group R,interscalene brachial plexus block was performed using 0.5 ％ ropivacaine 25 ml (single injection).In groups RD1.5,interscalene brachial plexus block was induced with a mixture (25 ml) of dexmedetomidine 0.25,0.50,0.75,1.00,1.25μg/kg and 0.5 ％ ropivacaine,respectively.The onset time and duration of sensory and motor block were recorded.The adverse effects such as adverse cardiovascular events,excessive sedation,and pneumothorax were also recorded.Results Compared with group R,the onset time was significantly shortened,and the duration of block was prolonged (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with groups RD1 and RD2,the onset time was significantly shortened,and the duration of block was prolonged in groups RD3 5 (P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in the parameters mentioned above between groups RD1 and RD2 or among groups RD3,RD4 and RD5 (P ＞ 0.05).Some patients developed bradycardia,hypotension or excessive sedation in groups RD4 and RD5,while no adverse effects were observed in the other groups.Conclusion Dexmedetomidine 0.75 μg/kg mixed with 0.5 ％ ropivacaine 25 ml can be safely and effectively used for brachial plexus block in patients. Key words: Dexmedetomidine; Amides; Brachial plexus; Nerve block

OP0028 Efficacy of different doses of rituximab for the treatment of RA: Data from the cererra collaboration

BackgroundThe approved dose of RTX in RA is 1000mg x2, but some data have suggested similar clinical efficacy with 500mg x2.ObjectivesThe purpose of this analysis was to compare the efficacy...

Efficacy of different doses of glucocorticoid for prevention of postoperative complications in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting: a meta-analysis

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of different doses of glucocorticoid for prevention of postoperative complications in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).Methods We searched PubMed,EMBASE,Highwire,CENTREN and its affiliated clinical trial registration data center,Chinese Biomedical Database,and CNKI from 2000 to 2010 for randomized controlled trials involving the efficacy of different doses of glucocorticoid for prevention of postoperative complications in patients undergoing CABG.The quality of the studies was evaluated by the method recommended by Cochrane Collaboration.Evaluation indexes included development of fibrillation,requirement for insulin treatment because of hyperglycosemia,infection,and death (during stay in hospital or within 30 days after discharge from hospital) after operation and mechanical ventilation time.Meta-analysis was conducted using the RevMan 5.1 software.Results Twenty-one randomized controlled trials involving 1737 patients were included in our meta-analysis.Different doses of glucocorticoid decreased the risk of fibrillation,and did not increase the risk of various causes-induced infection and death.Moderate and large doses of glucocorticoid increased the risk of requirement for insulin treatment because of hyperglucosemia.Large dose of glucocorticoid resulted in prolongation of ventilation time.Conclusion Different doses of glucocorticoid can decrease the development of postoperative fibrillation without increasing the risk of infection and death,moderate and large doses of glucocorticoid increase the risk of requirement for insulin treatment because of hyperglucosemia and large dose of glucocorticoid increases the risk of prolonged ventilation time in patients undergoing CABG. Key words: Glucocorticoids; Cardiopulmonary bypass ; Postoperative complications ; Meta-analysis

Comparison of efficacy of different doses of remifentanil combined with propofol for colonoscopy

Objective To compare the efficacy of different does of remifenanil combined with propofol for colonoscopy.Methods Ninety ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients,aged 35-63 yr,weighing 45-72 kg,scheduled for elective painless outpatient colonoscopy,were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =30 each):remifentanil 0.2 μg/kg group (group Ⅰ),remifentanil 0.5 μg/kg group (group lⅡ) and remifentanil 1.0 μg/kg group (group Ⅲ).In groups Ⅰ-Ⅲ,remifentanil 0.2,0.5 and 1.0μg/kg were injected over 60 s,respectively,and then propofol 1.0 mg/kg was injected intravenously for induction.The colonoscope was inserted after loss of eyelash reflex.When body movement appeared during examination,remifentanil 0.1 μg/kg + propofol 0.5 mg/kg,remifentanil 0.25 μg/kg + propofol 0.5 mg/kg,and remifentanil 0.5μg/kg+ propofol 0.5 mg/kg were added in groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ,respectively.The operation time,induction time,emergence time,examination room discharge time,and body movement,hypotension,bradycardia,hypoxemia and respiratory depression during operation were recorded.Results There was no significant difference in the operation time,induction time,emergence time,and examination room discharge time between the three groups (P ＞ 0.05).Compared with group Ⅰ,the incidence of body movement was significantly decreased,and the incidences of hypotension and respiratory depression were increased in group Ⅱ,and the incidence of body movement was significantly decreased,and the incidences of hypotension,hypoxemia,bradycardia and respiratory depression were increased in group Ⅲ (P ＜ 0.05).The incidences of hypoxemia,bradycardia and respiratory depression were significantly higher in group Ⅲ than in group Ⅱ (P ＜0.05).Conclusion The optimum dose of remifentanil is 0.5 μg/kg when combined with propofol for colonoscopy. Key words: Piperidines; Propofol; Colonoscopy

Psychometric Evaluation of the Cushing’s Quality-of-Life Questionnaire

Cushing's disease (CD) is a rare disorder of chronic hypercortisolism due to an adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-secreting pituitary corticotroph adenoma. Because hypercortisolism symptoms are wide ranging, it is important to assess a variety of outcomes including both clinical factors, such as cortisol levels, and health-related quality of life (HR-QOL), to better understand the severity and impact of CD on patients and the potential efficacy of CD treatment. Pasireotide, a somatostatin analog that targets somatostatin receptors on the pituitary adenoma, is under development as a treatment for CD. A phase III clinical trial was conducted to investigate its safety and efficacy in patients with CD. In this trial, HR-QOL was assessed with the Cushing's Quality-of-Life (CushingQOL) questionnaire, specifically developed and validated in patients with Cushing's syndrome. Reliability, validity, the ability to detect change, and a minimal important difference (MID) were evaluated for the CushingQOL questionnaire using data from patients diagnosed with CD who participated in the phase III clinical trial designed to assess the safety and efficacy of different doses of pasireotide. Adult patients (n=162) with CD participated in a randomized, double-blind, multinational, phase III clinical trial. Patients received subcutaneous pasireotide (600μg or 900μg) twice daily for 3months (double blind). After 3months, some patients were unblinded based on their mean urinary free cortisol (mUFC) levels and were given the chance to increase their dosage, while the other patients remained blinded. At month 6, an open-label 6-month period began. The CushingQOL questionnaire was self-administered four times (baseline [n=160], and at months 3 [n=134], 6 [n=113], and 12 [n=76]). A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted. Reliability estimates were calculated for internal consistency (coefficient alpha) and test retest (intraclass correlation coefficients [ICCs]) for patients with stable hypercortisolism at month 3 and month 6. Construct validity hypotheses (correlations), mean differences in known groups (ANOVAs), and responsiveness effect sizes (Guyatt's) were estimated based on measures of cortisol, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, weight, facial rubor (redness), striae (stretch marks), bruising, supraclavicular fat pad, dorsal fat pad, and results of the Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II). The half-standard deviation distribution method was used to estimate MID. CFA loadings supported a one-factor solution for the CushingQOL questionnaire items. Internal consistency reliability (0.87-0.88) and ICCs (0.87) were high. Construct validity hypotheses were in the anticipated direction. Changes in CushingQOL scores were moderately correlated with changes in mUFC levels, in BMI, and in weight. Mean scores for minimally depressed patients were significantly higher (indicating better HR-QOL) than for severely depressed patients. Moderate Guyatt's responsiveness effect sizes were observed for patients who achieved reductions in weight, BMI, and waist circumference. Using the half-standard deviation method, an estimate of the MID was computed as 10.1. This study provided evidence within the context of a longitudinal design that the CushingQOL questionnaire is a reliable, valid, and responsive instrument for the assessment of HR-QOL in adults with CD in accordance with recommendations set forth by regulatory agencies in the USA and Europe.

Comparison of efficacy of different doses of ropivacaine for ultrasound-guided axillary brachial plexus block in children

Objective To compare the efficacy of different doses of ropivacaine for ultrasound-guided axillary brachial plexus block in children.Methods One hundred and twenty ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ children,aged 5-12 yr,scheduled for elective surgery for hand injury,were equally and randomly divided into 4 groups according to the doses of ropivacaine:0.35,0.3,0.25 and 0.20 ml/kg groups.The children received oral midazolam 30 min before surgery.Propofol was given by target-control infusion after admission to the operating room.When the pediatric patients lost consciousness and had no response to verbal command,axillary brachial plexus block was performed under the guidance of ultrasound.0.25 ％ ropivacaine 0.35,0.3,0.25 and 0.20 ml/kg were injected to block the radial,median,ulnar,musculocutaneous and medial antebrachial cutaneous nerves.Additional ketamine was given when needed during operation.The duration of block and consumption of general anesthesia and complications were recorded.The degree of sensory block of the region innervated by each nerve and effectiveness of block were assessed.Results The rate of effective block of the radial nerve,median nerve and musculocutaneous nerve was significantly lower,the number of patients requiring ketamine was larger and the duration of block was shorter in group 0.2 ml/kg than in 0.35,0.30 and 0.25 ml/kg groups (P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in the parameters mentioned above between 0.35,0.30 and 0.25 ml/kg groups (P ＞ 0.05).No pediatric patients developed block-related complications in each group.Conclusion Ultrasound-guided axillary brachial plexus block with 0.25 ％ ropivacaine 0.25 ml/kg can provide better block in children. Key words: Uhrasonography; Brachial plexus; Nerve block ; Children; Anesthetics,local

Colonic preparation before colonoscopy in constipated and non-constipated patients: A randomized study

To compare the efficacy of different doses of sodium phosphate (NaP) and polyethylenglicol (PEG) alone or with bisacodyl for colonic cleansing in constipated and non-constipated patients. Three hundred and forty-nine patients, older than 18 years old, with low risk for renal damage and who were scheduled for outpatient colonoscopy were randomized to receive one of the following preparations (prep): 90 mL of NaP (prep 1); 45 mL of NaP + 20 mg of bisacodyl (prep 2); 4 L of PEG (prep 3) or 2 L of PEG + 20 mg of bisacodyl (prep 4). Randomization was stratified by constipation. Patients, endoscopists, endoscopists' assistants and data analysts were blinded. A blinding challenge was performed to endoscopist in order to reassure blinding. The primary outcome was the efficacy of colonic cleansing using a previous reported scale. Secondary outcomes were tolerability, compliance, side effects, endoscopist perception about the necessity to repeat the study due to an inadequate colonic preparation and patient overall perceptions. Information about the primary outcome was obtained from 324 patients (93%). There were no significant differences regarding the preparation quality among different groups in the overall analysis. Compliance was higher in the NaP preparations being even higher in half-dose with bisacodyl: 94% (prep 1), 100% (prep 2), 81% (prep 3) and 87% (prep 4) (2 vs 1, 3 and 4, P < 0.01; 1 vs 3, 4, P < 0.05). The combination of bisacodyl with NaP was associated with insomnia (P = 0.04). In non-constipated patients the preparation quality was also similar between different groups, but endoscopist appraisal about the need to repeat the study was more frequent in the half-dose PEG plus bisacodyl than in whole dose NaP preparation: 11% (prep 4) vs 2% (prep 1) (P < 0.05). Compliance in this group was also higher with the NaP preparations: 95% (prep 1), 100% (prep 2) vs 80% (prep 3) (P < 0.05). Bisacodyl was associated with abdominal pain: 13% (prep 1), 31% (prep 2), 21% (prep 3) and 29% (prep 4), (2, 4 vs 1, 2, P < 0.05). In constipated patients the combination of NaP plus bisacodyl presented higher rates of satisfactory colonic cleansing than whole those PEG: 95% (prep 2) vs 66% (prep 3) (P = 0.03). Preparations containing bisacodyl were not associated with adverse effects in constipated patients. In non-constipated patients, compliance is higher with NaP preparations, and bisacodyl is related to adverse effects. In constipated patients NaP plus bisacodyl is the most effective preparation.

A Study on the Efficacy of Proton Pump Inhibitors in Helicobacter pylori-Negative Primary Care Patients with Dyspepsia in Japan

Background/AimsThere have been few studies on the efficacy of proton pump inhibitors and the doses required to treat dyspeptic symptoms observed in clinical practice. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of different doses of omeprazole and different administration methods in Helicobacter pylori-negative, dyspeptic patients.MethodsPatients with chronic upper abdominal symptoms within the previous 3 months were randomly divided into three groups: a daily, omeprazole 20 mg treatment group (OPZ20, n=61); a daily, omeprazole 10 mg treatment group (OPZ10, n=72); and an on-demand omeprazole 20 mg treatment group (on-demand, n=62). After 4 weeks of administration of the drug, symptom improvement rates were evaluated based on the Overall Global Severity score.ResultsThe rates of symptom improvement after 4 weeks of treatment were 65.6% (40/61) in the OPZ20 group, 47.2% (34/72) in the OPZ10 group, and 50.0% (31/62) in the on-demand group. The OPZ20 group exhibited a significantly higher improvement rate (p=0.034) than the OPZ10 group. The OPZ20 group had significant improvements in regurgitation, postprandial fullness, vomiting, and bloating compared with the OPZ10 group.ConclusionsDaily treatment with 20 mg of omeprazole was efficient in treating upper abdominal symptoms. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, number UMIN000002621.

A Phase Ib Trial of Romidepsin in Association with CHOP in Patients with Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma (PTCL): The Ro-CHOP Study

AbstractAbstract 1617 Background:Romidepsin is a selective class 1 histone deacetylase inhibitor approved by the FDA for patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma and PTCL who have received at least 1 prior therapy. In recurrent/refractory PTCL, it has been evaluated as a single agent in 2 phase II studies with overall response rates of 25–38% (Piekarz, Blood 2011;117:5827; Coiffier, J Clin Oncol 2012;30:631). Toxicity was mainly hematologic and digestive. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the safety, tolerability and efficacy of different doses of romidepsin in association with CHOP in patients with previously untreated PTCL. Methods:Patients with biopsy-proven PTCL were planned to receive 8 cycles of CHOP (cyclophosphamide 750 mg/m2 day 1, doxorubicin 50 mg/m2 day 1, vincristine 1,4 mg/m2 day 1, prednisone 40 mg/m2 days 1 – 5) in association with varying doses of romidepsin. Based on pharmacokinetic data and results of previous phase II studies, the starting dose of 10 mg/m2 on days 1 & 8 was chosen. The dose-variation scheme follows a traditional “3+3” design. Dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) were considered during the first 2 cycles. Results:Eighteen patients (11 male, 7 female, aged 31 to 78) have been included and are analyzable for toxicity during the first two cycles. Diagnoses were: PTCL, not otherwise specified (n=10), angioimmunoblastic TCL (n=4), other PTCL (n=4). ECOG performance status was good (0–1) in all but one patient; 17/18 had stage III-IV disease; LDH levels were elevated in 11/18. The age-adjusted IPI score was 0 (n=1), 1 (n=14), 2 (n=3). Significant, albeit tolerable haematological toxicity having been observed in the first two cohorts, the definition of DLT was modified during the course of the study. The study diagram is shown in the figure. Accrual of the phase Ib part of the study is now completed and the phase II part is ongoing with a dose of 12 mg/m2 D1&8. Serious adverse events of interest included: One episode of acute pulmonary edema after course 1 in 1 patient, acute coronary syndrome (n=1), deep venous thrombosis (n=1) and cardiac arrhythmia (n=1). Among 14 evaluable patients, 3 progressed during treatment or shortly after end of treatment; and 11 responded (partial response 3/14, complete response 8/14) for an overall response rate of 78%. The 4 other patients have not yet reached the 8 cycles. Conclusion:Romidepsin can be combined with CHOP at the price of foreseeable hematological toxicity. Some cardiovascular events have been observed but the relationship with romidepsin is questionable. The dose of 12 mg/m2 on days 1& 8 is currently evaluated in the phase 2 part of the study. Response rates seem promising, but longer follow-up is needed. Updated results will be presented at the meeting. [Display omitted] Disclosures:Ribrag:Servier: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; astrazeneca: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; takeda: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; bayer: Research Funding; sanofi: Research Funding. Coiffier:Celgene: Consultancy.

Comparison of efficacy of different doses of intrathecal morphine and fentanyl before operation for postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing abdominal hysterectomy

Objective To compare the efficacy of different doses of intrathecal administration of morphine and fentanyl before operation for postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing abdominal hysterectomy.Methods Forty ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients,aged 19-60 yr,undergoing abdominal hysterectomy under combined spinal-epidural anesthesia,were randomly divided into Ⅰ and Ⅱ groups (n =20 each).Morphine 0.5 mg+ fentanyl 15 μg and morphine 0.2 mg+ fentanyl 25 μg were injected intrathecally in groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ respectively.VAS score ≤2was considered as effective analgesia.When VAS score≥ 3,morphine 0.05 mg/kg was given intravenously as rescue analgesic.The incidence of nausea and vomiting and pruritus was recorded after operation.Results Compared with group Ⅰ,no significant change was found in the percentage of patients requiring rescue morphine after operation (P ＞ 0.05),the incidence of nausea and vomiting and pruritus was significantly decreased after operation and the time when the patients passed the flatus was significantly shortened after operation in group Ⅱ (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Intrathecal administration of morphine 0.2 mg and fentanyl 25.μg before operation is safer and more helpful to recovery of gastrointestinal function than intrathecal administration of morphine 0.5 mg and fentanyl 15 μg before operation if they can provide the equivalent postoperative analgesia. Key words: Morphine; Fentanyl; Injections,spinal; Pain,postoperative; Analgesia

Efficacy of Different Doses of Rituximab for the Treatment of RA: Data from the CERERRA Collaboration

The approved dose of rituximab for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is 1000 mg × 2, but some data have suggested similar clinical efficacy with rituximab 500 mg × 2. The objective of this analysis was to compare the efficacy of the 2 doses, given as first or second treatment courses. The data for this analysis were obtained from the European Collaborative Registries for the Evaluation of Rituximab in Rheumatoid Arthritis [CERERRA], which includes 10 European registries.

Efficacy of different doses of atracurium on intubating conditions of burned patients

BackgroundBurned patients exhibit resistant response to nondepolarizing muscle relaxants. This study was designed to investigate the efficacy of high dose atracurium (3 and 4 times ED95) with and without application of the priming principle on the intubating conditions and the onset times in burned patients.MethodsASA physical status I and II patients undergoing burn related surgery, were randomly allocated into one of four groups of 20 patients each. Group I received 1 ml placebo followed 3 min later by atracurium 0.75 mg/kg, group II received atracurium 0.04 mg/kg as the priming dose followed 3 min later by atracurium 0.71 mg/kg, group III received 1 ml placebo followed 3 min later by atracurium 1 mg/kg and group IV received atracurium 0.04 mg/kg as the priming dose followed 3 min later by atracurium 0.96 mg/kg. Datex relaxograph was used at the adductor pollicis to monitor and record the twitch response to the train of four (TOF) stimulation.ResultsThe conditions for intubation improved significantly with increasing the dose of atracurium, as we seen, when comparing patients in group IV and group I. Onset times were significantly delayed in groups I and II compared with groups III and IV.ConclusionCombinations of 4 times ED95 of atracurium together with the application of the priming principle are required to overcome the resistance and produce satisfactory intubating conditions in burned patients.

Comparative efficacy of different doses of fibrin sealant to reduce bleeding after total knee arthroplasty

In recent years, the application of fibrin sealant has been shown to be efficacious in the management of intraoperative and postoperative hemostasis. We designed a prospective randomized controlled clinical trial to assess the efficacy of two different dosages of fibrin sealant (5 and 10 ml) in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty, as compared with the untreated control group. A total of 90 patients entered the study, randomly assigned to one of the three groups: treatment with 5 ml fibrin sealant (30 patients), with 10 ml fibrin sealant (30 patients) or no treatment (30 patients). A statistically significant difference in the mean reduction of hemoglobin concentrations was found on the first postoperative day in the treated groups as compared with the controls: 5 ml fibrin sealant (2.6 mg/dl) and 10 ml fibrin sealant (2.5 mg/dl) vs. controls (3.7 mg/dl) (P = 0.024). The mean number of blood transfusions was significantly lower in the treated groups: 5 ml (0.5) and 10 ml (0.3) of fibrin sealant vs. controls (1) (P = 0.0019). Functional recovery was also better in the treated groups: on the seventh day, the joint ROM (range of motion) was statistically superior in the 5 ml group (96.5°) and 10 ml group (98.8°) as compared with the controls (75.5°) (P < 0.0001). This study supports the efficacy of administering fibrin sealant in the perioperative management of bleeding after total knee arthroplasty and shows that a 5 ml dosage yields a comparable outcome to the 10 ml dosage previously reported in the literature.

Clinical efficacy of tamsulosin hydrochloride sustained release tablets in treatment of premature ejaculation

Objective To study the efficacy of different doses of tamsulosin hydrochloride sustained release tablets for treatment of premature ejaculation (PE). Methods Eighty PE patients from September 2010 to January 2011 were divided into two groups randomly,the 0.2 mg dose group and the 0.4 mg dose group.The therapeutic effect was assessed by the changes of the patients' CIPE-5 scores. Results The intra-vaginal ejaculation latency time (IELT) of the two groups were (0.98 ± 0.47 ) and ( 0.89 ± 0.47 ) min respectively before treatment,and (4.40 ± 1.86 ) and (6.40 ± 5.10) min respectively after treatment.There were significant differences ( P ＜ 0.01 ).As for satisfaction degree of sexual life,lessening the patients' sexual anxiety and nervousness,and decreasing the difficulty in retarding ejaculation,the group of 0.4 mg had better effect than the other group. Conclusion Large dose of tamsulosin hydrochloride sustained release tablets could prolong IELT and increase the sexual satisfaction. Key words: Premature ejaculation; Tamsulosin hydrochloride sustained release tablets; Different doses

Bromobenzene-induced hepatotoxicity in male rats: the protective effect of flaxseed

The metabolites of bromobenzene (BB) are hepatotoxic. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of different doses of flaxseed extract in alleviating BB-hepatotoxicity in male albino rats. Oxidative stress parameters, drug metabolizing enzymes, a pro-inflammatory marker, an apoptotic marker, and DNA fragmentation pattern were also assessed. Animals were divided into five groups treated by intragastric intubation as follows: control, BB-treated 460 mg kg−1 BW alone; three animal groups (III, IV, V) were treated concurrently with 460 mg kg−1 BB daily for 3 weeks and different doses of flaxseeds extract: 100, 200, or 300 mg kg−1 BW. Oral treatment of BB produced a significant decrease in activities of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase and glutathione levels, while activities of glutathione reductase and drug-metabolizing enzymes; glutathione-S-transferases and cytochrome P450 were enhanced. BB-treatment resulted in enhanced production of nitric oxide and activation of COX-2 and caspase-3. Pre-treatment with different doses of flaxseeds extract prior and during BB-treatment protected liver against BB-induced hepatotoxicity. The lower dose of flaxseed extract (100 mg kg−1) was most effective one.

Efficacy of different doses of rituximab for the treatment of RA: data From the CERERRA collaboration

Background/objectivesThe approved dose of RTX in RA is 1000 mg x2, but some data have suggested similar clinical efficacy with 500 mg x2. The purpose of this analysis was to...

MTHFR C677T and MTR A2756G polymorphisms and the homocysteine lowering efficacy of different doses of folic acid in hypertensive Chinese adults

BackgroundThis study aimed to investigate if the homocysteine-lowering efficacy of two commonly used physiological doses (0.4 mg/d and 0.8 mg/d) of folic acid (FA) can be modified by individual methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T and/or methionine synthase (MTR) A2756G polymorphisms in hypertensive Chinese adults.MethodsA total of 480 subjects with mild or moderate essential hypertension were randomly assigned to three treatment groups: 1) enalapril only (10 mg, control group); 2) enalapril-FA tablet [10:0.4 mg (10 mg enalapril combined with 0.4 mg of FA), low FA group]; and 3) enalapril-FA tablet (10:0.8 mg, high FA group), once daily for 8 weeks.ResultsAfter 4 or 8 weeks of treatment, homocysteine concentrations were reduced across all genotypes and FA dosage groups, except in subjects with MTR 2756AG /GG genotype in the low FA group at week 4. However, compared to subjects with MTHFR 677CC genotype, homocysteine concentrations remained higher in subjects with CT or TT genotype in the low FA group (P < 0.05 for either of these genotypes) and TT genotype in the high FA group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, subjects with TT genotype showed a greater homocysteine-lowering response than did subjects with CC genotype in the high FA group (mean percent reduction of homocysteine at week 8: CC 10.8% vs. TT: 22.0%, P = 0.005), but not in the low FA group (CC 9.9% vs. TT 11.2%, P = 0.989).ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that MTHFR C677T polymorphism can not only affect homocysteine concentration at baseline and post-FA treatment, but also can modify therapeutic responses to various dosages of FA supplementation.

Counteracting tinnitus by acoustic coordinated reset neuromodulation

Subjective tinnitus is associated with pathologic enhanced neuronal synchronization. We used a model based desynchronization technique, acoustic coordinated reset (CR) neuromodulation, to specifically counteract tinnitus-related neuronal synchrony thereby inducing an unlearning of pathological synaptic connectivity and neuronal synchrony. In a prospective, randomized, single blind, placebo-controlled trial in 63 patients with chronic tonal tinnitus and up to 50 dB hearing loss we studied safety and efficacy of different doses of acoustic CR neuromodulation. We measured visual analogue scale and tinnitus questionnaire (TQ) scores and spontaneous EEG. CR treatment was safe, well-tolerated and caused a significant decrease of tinnitus loudness and symptoms. Placebo treatment did not lead to any significant changes. Effects gained in 12 weeks of treatment persisted through a preplanned 4-week therapy pause and showed sustained long-term effects after 10 months of therapy: response, i.e. a reduction of at least 6 TQ points, was obtained in 75% of patients with a mean TQ reduction of 50% among responders. CR therapy significantly lowered tinnitus frequency and reversed the tinnitus related EEG alterations. The CR-induced reduction of tinnitus and underlying neuronal characteristics indicates a new non-invasive therapy which might also be applicable to other conditions with neuronal hypersynchrony.

Clinical efficacy of different doses of rituximab in the treatment of pemphigus: a retrospective study of 27 patients

Clinical efficacy of different doses of rituximab in the treatment of pemphigus: a retrospective study of 27 patients