Efficacy Of Different Doses Research Articles

Two regimens of dexamethasone versus prednisolone for acute exacerbations in asthmatic Egyptian children

IntroductionAsthma is one of the most prevalent chronic respiratory diseases, which often leads to an emergency department visit. Prednisolone is the most commonly used corticosteroid in treatment of asthma exacerbation....

Supplementation with Three Different Daily Doses of Vitamin D3 in Healthy Pre-pubertal School Girls: A Cluster Randomized Trial

To compare the adequacy and efficacy of different doses of vitamin D3 in pre-pubertal girls. Cluster Randomized controlled trial. Public school in Delhi, India, between August 2015 and February 2016. 216 healthy pre-pubertal girls, aged 6.1-11.8 years. Daily supplementation with 600 IU (n=74), 1000 IU (n=67) or 2000 IU (n=75) of vitamin D3 under supervision for 6 months. Primary: Rise in serum 25 hydroxy Vitamin D (25(OH)D); Secondary: Change in bone formation and resorption markers. Following 6 months of supplementation, the mean (SD) rise in serum 25(OH)D was maximum with 2000 IU (24.09 (8.28) ng/mL), followed by with 1000 IU (17.96 (6.55) ng/mL) and 600 IU (15.48 (7.00) ng/mL). Serum 25(OH)D levels of ≥20 ng/mL were seen in 91% in 600 IU group , 97% in 1000 IU group and 100% in 2000 IU group. The overall mean (SD) rise in urinary calcium creatinine ratio (0.05 (0.28) to 0.13 (0.12) mg/mg), and serum procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide (538.9 (199.78) to 655.5 (218.24) ng/mL), and reduction in serum carboxy-terminal telopeptide (0.745 (0.23) to 0.382 (0.23) ng/mL) was significant (P<0.01). The change in the above parameters was comparable among the three groups after adjustment for age. Daily vitamin D supplementation with 600 IU to 2000 IU for 6 months results in Vitamin D sufficiency in >90% of pre-pubertal girls.

Functional Recovery Following the Transplantation of Olfactory Ensheathing Cells in Rat Spinal Cord Injury Model.

Study DesignOlfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) from rat olfactory mucosa were cultured, characterized, and transplanted into a rat model of spinal cord injury (SCI).PurposeTo evaluate different doses of OECs in a rat model of SCI.Overview of LiteratureSCI causes permanent functional deficit because the central nervous system lacks the ability to perform spontaneous repair. Cell therapy strategies are being explored globally. The clinical use of human embryonic stem cell is hampered by ethical controversies. Alternatively, OECs are a promising cell source for neurotransplantation. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of different doses of allogenic OEC transplantation in a rat model of SCI.MethodsOECs were cultured from the olfactory mucosa of Albino Wistar rats; these cells were characterized using immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. Rats were divided into five groups (n=6 rats each). In each group, different dosage (2×105, 5×105, 10×105, and >10×105) of cultured cells were transplanted into experimentally injured spinal cords of rat models. However, in the SCI group, only DMEM (Dulbecco’s modified Eagle's medium) was injected. Rats were followed up upto 8 weeks post-transplantation. The outcome of transplantation was assessed using the Basso, Beattie, Bresnahan (BBB) scale; motor-evoked potential studies; and histological examination.ResultsCultured cells expressed 41% of p75NTR, a marker for OEC, and 35% of anti-fibronectin, a marker for olfactory nerve fibroblast. These cells also expressed S100β and glial fibrillary acid protein of approximately 75% and 83%, respectively. All the transplanted groups showed promising BBB scores for hind-limb motor recovery compared with the SCI group (p<0.05). A motor-evoked potential study showed increased amplitude in all the treated groups compared with the SCI. Green fluorescent protein-labeled cells survived in the injured cord, suggesting their role in the transplantation-mediated repair. Transplantation of 5×105 cells showed the best motor outcomes among all the doses.ConclusionsOECs demonstrated a therapeutic effect in rat models with the potential for future clinical applications.

Dose Can Help to Achieve Effective Pain Relief for Acute Mild to Moderate Pain with Over-the-Counter Paracetamol

Background:Paracetamol (acetaminophen) is one of the most widely used Over-The-Counter (OTC) analgesics for the self-treatment of mild to moderate acute pain. Different dosages are used in different countries and, in some of them, a large proportion of adults are using low doses (325 mg to 500 mg).Objectives:The objective of the study was to review information from published research studies to answer the question: is there a dose-dependent analgesic effect of paracetamol in the treatment of mild to moderate acute pain?Methods:A detailed assessment of available systematic reviews, meta-analyses and single randomised trials was undertaken based on an electronic literature search focusing on studies comparing higher and lower doses of paracetamol in the management of mild to moderate acute pain.Results:Reviews and comparative trials generally showed greater efficacy with higher dose paracetamol (1000 mg) than with lower doses (500 mg or 650 mg) in achieving clinically significant pain relief with comparable tolerability in different types of pain.ConclusionsThe nature and intensity of the pain are two key elements of the therapeutic choice.Higher dose immediate-release paracetamol (1000 mg), used for a short duration of time (4-5 days) and adhering to recommendations within the label for risk groups, delivers safe and more effective analgesia than lower doses for adults with mild to moderate acute pain.Strengths and Limitations of this Study:• Paracetamol is one of the most widely used OTC analgesics for the self- treatment of mild to moderate acute pain and this study aims to explore the practical question of whether the use of low doses, which is common in some countries, provides suboptimal pain relief.• This review provides an overview of previous studies focusing on comparing the analgesic efficacy of different doses of paracetamol rather than comparing the effect of different OTC analgesics.• This review details a narrative assessment of available systematic reviews, meta-analysis and randomised trials but does not offer a quantitative analysis of pain relief achieved with different doses of paracetamol.• The review does not provide an overview of studies focusing on different forms of paracetamol.• The focus for this review is immediate release paracetamol. Combined and slow release paracetamol formulations were not considered of relevance. The latter are in the process of being suspended across the European Union due to safety concerns with overdosing [1].

Efficacy of different doses of dexmedetomidine as a rapid bolus for children: a double-blind, prospective, randomized study

BackgroundDexmedetomidine (DEX), a highly sensitive α2-adrenoceptor agonist that possesses anxiolytic, sedative, and analgesic effects, has been documented as a preventative and treatment for emergence agitation (EA). The therapeutic should be given as a loading dose that is infused during a 10 min period, but if a rapid bolus injection is deemed to be hemodynamically appropriate, it would be a more opportune route of administration. So we studied the efficacy of different doses of DEX as a rapid bolus for children to prevent and treat EA.MethodsOne hundred patients were enrolled and randomly divided into five groups: the control group (group D1), the 0.25 μg/kg DEX group (group D2), the 0.5 μg/kg DEX group (group D3), the 0.75 μg/kg DEX group (group D4), and the 1 μg/kg DEX group (group D5). Heart rate (HR), mean blood pressure (MBP) and blood oxygen saturation (SaO2) were recorded immediately before the study drug injection (baseline) and every minute for 5 min thereafter and at the time points of the skin cut and hernial sac pull. EA and pain were assessed in the post -anesthesia care unit, and any complementary medicine and adverse events were recorded too.ResultsThe incidence of EA was significantly decreased in group D4 and group D5 compared with D1.All groups exhibited similar baseline HR and MBP. After administered, HR and MBP were significantly decreased in all DEX group compared with group D1.In groups D3, D4 and D5, the minimal HR was decreased significantly compared with the groups D1 and duration time of minimal HR significantly prolonged in group D5, but no patient needed treatment. As the dosage increased, the recovery time was significantly prolonged. There were no significant differences in occurrence time of minimal HR, the incidence of complementary medicine and adverse events among groups.ConclusionRapid intravenous injection (IV) bolus administration of 0.75 and 1.0 μg/kg of DEX could improve the recovery profile by reducing the incidence of EA in children. Although its use resulted in a transient decreases in HR and MBP, DEX was clinically well-tolerated in children.Trial registrationNo. ChiCTR-IPR-17010658. Registered 17 February 2017.

Efficacy of different doses of dexmedetomidine mixed with ropivacaine used for thoracic paravertebral nerve block combined with general anesthesia in patients undergoing radical resection of lung cancer

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of different doses of dexmedetomidine mixed with ropivacaine used for thoracic paravertebral nerve block (TPVB) combined with general anesthesia in the patients undergoing radical resection of lung cancer. Methods One hundred patients of both sexes, aged 18-64 yr, with body mass index of 18-25 kg/m2, of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅱ or Ⅲ, scheduled for elective radical resection of lung cancer, were divided into 5 groups (n=20 each) using a random number table method: general anesthesia group (group G), TPVB with ropivacaine combined with general anesthesia group (group R), TPVB with 0.5 μg/kg dexmedetomidine mixed with ropivacaine combined with general anesthesia group (group RD0.5), TPVB with 1.0 μg/kg dexmedetomidine mixed with ropivacaine combined with general anesthesia group (group RD1.0), and TPVB with 2.0 μg/kg dexmedetomidine mixed with ropivacaine combined with general anesthesia group (group RD2.0). Two-point TPVB was performed, and anesthetic 10 ml was injected into each puncture site.Zero point five percent ropivacaine was administered in group R. Dexmedetomidine 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 μg/kg mixed with ropivacaine at the final concentration of 0.5% were injected in group RD0.5, group RD1.0 and group RD2.0, respectively.Anesthesia was maintained by intravenously infusing propofol and remifentanil and cisatracurium was intermittently injected to maintain muscle relaxation.The occurrence of intraoperative hypotension and bradycardia was recorded.The emergence time, extubation time, duration of postanesthesia care unit (PACU) stay and requirement for rescue analgesia during emergence from anesthesia were also recorded.Small marginal lung samples next to the tumor were harvested immediately after removing the tumor tissues.The expression of caspase-3 and Bcl-2 was determined by Western blot, the content of IL-1β in lung tissues was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, the cell apoptosis was evaluated by TUNEL, and apoptosis index (AI) was calculated.The injury to lung tissues was observed with a light microscope and scored. Results Compared with G and R groups, AI, IL-1β content and lung injury score were significantly decreased, the expression of caspase-3 was down-regulated, and the expression of Bcl-2 was up-regulated in the other three groups, the incidence of hypotension and bradycardia was significantly increased in group RD1.0, the incidence of bradycardia was significantly decreased in group RD0.5, and the incidence of hypotension and bradycardia was significantly increased, and the emergence time, extubation time and duration of PACU stay were prolonged in group RD2.0 (P 0.05). Conclusion Dexmedetomidine 0.5 μg/kg mixed with ropivacaine for TPVB combined with general anesthesia provides better efficacy in the patients undergoing radical resection of lung cancer. Key words: Dexmedetomidine; Amides; Nerve block; Anesthesia, general; Lung neoplasms

Efficacy of different doses of oxycodone for prevention of fentanyl-induced cough during induction of general anesthesia

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of different doses of oxycodone for prevention of fentanyl-induced cough during induction of general anesthesia. Methods A total of 250 American Society of Anesthesiologists physical statusⅠor Ⅱ patients of both sexes, aged 22-62 yr, weighing 47-81 kg, undergoing elective surgery, were divided into 5 groups (n=50 each) using a random number table method: different doses of oxycodone groups (O1-4 groups) and control group (group C). Oxycodone 0.025, 0.050, 0.075 and 0.100 mg/kg were intravenously injected in O1-4 groups, respectively, while the equal volume of normal saline was given instead of oxycodone in group C. Five minutes later fentanyl 3 μg/kg was intravenously injected within 5 s, and then 2 min later the other drugs were administered for induction.The occurrence and severity of cough were observed within 2 min after fentanyl injection.The development of respiratory depression and hypotension and severe bradycardia during induction of anesthesia were recorded within 5 min after oxycodone injection. Results The incidence of cough was significantly lower in O1-4 groups than in group C (P 0.05). No respiratory depression was found in C and O1-3 groups.The incidence of respiratory depression was significantly higher in group O4 than in C and O1-3 groups(P 0.05). Conclusion Oxycodone 0.025 mg/kg provides better efficacy in preventing fentanyl-induced cough during induction of general anesthesia. Key words: Oxycodone; Fentanyl; Cough

Immunomodulatory effect of 1, 25 dihydroxy vitamin D3 on the expression of RNA sensing pattern recognition receptor genes and cytokine response in dengue virus infected U937-DC-SIGN cells and THP-1 macrophages

Dengue virus (DENV) infections are straining public health systems worldwide. Vitamin D, a secosteroid hormone, is currently being investigated for its immunomodulatory effects in DENV infections. The objectives of the present study was to study the effect of 1, 25 dihydroxy vitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) on the expression of genes coding for RNA sensing pattern recognition receptors, downstream signaling components including oligoadenylate synthetases (OAS) and interferon stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) and T helper (Th)1, Th2 and Th17 cytokine response in DENV infected U937-DC-SIGN cells and THP-1 macrophages. U937-DC-SIGN RNA was investigated for the expression of TLR3, DDX58, IFIH1, OAS1, OAS2, OAS3, CAMP and ISG15 genes using gene expression assays. Interleukin (IL)-12p70, IL-10, IL-4 and IL-17A levels were assessed in the THP-1 macrophage culture supernatants. The results revealed that 1,25(OH)2D3 increased the expression of DDX58, OAS1, OAS2 and OAS3 at 0.1 μM while higher concentration had diminishing effect. 1,25(OH)2D3 enhanced the expression of ISG15 and CAMP genes. 1,25(OH)2D3 suppressed the levels of IL-4 and IL-17A. Lower concentration of 1,25(OH)2D3 suppressed IL-12p70 and IL-10 levels while a higher concentration enhanced the levels. The results suggest that 1,25(OH)2D3 may have concentration dependent immunomodulatory effects. Higher dose of 1,25(OH)2D3 might have an immunoregulatory role in ameliorating inflammation during dengue infections. Further studies are needed to evaluate the efficacy of different doses of 1,25(OH)2D3 in preventing severe dengue.

Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Different Doses of Dexamethasone Combined with Bortezomib and Thalidomide for Treating Patients with Multiple Myeloma

To study the clinical efficacy and safety of dexamethasone of different doses combined with bortezomib and thalidomide for treatment of primary multiple myeloma. Ninety-six patients with multiple myeloma from January 2013 to January 2014 were randomly divided into group A (high-dose dexamethasone + bortezomib + thalidomide, 32 cases), group B (low-dose dexamethasone + bortezomib + thalidomide, 32 cases) and group C (placebo + bortezomib + thalidomide, 32 cases). The clinical efficacy and safety of patients was compared among 3 groups. The overall remission rate (ORR) in group A and B was significantly higher than that in group C (P<0.05), but the ORR was not significant difference between group A and group B (P>0.05). After treatment, the KPS and RNS score in 3 groups were significantly higher and lower than those before treatment, respectively; the KPS score in group A and B was significantly higher than that in group C (P<0.05), the RNS score in group A and B was significantly lower C (P<0.05). After treatment, the positive expression rates of CD38, CD56 and CD138 as well as small residual lesion (SRL) positive rate in 3 grops were significantly lower than those before treatment, but the positive expression rate of CD19 was significantly higher that before treatment; the positive expression rates of CD38, CD56 and CD138 as well as SRL positive rate in group A and B were significantly lower thant those in group C, while the positive expression rate of CD19 was significantly higher that in group C (P<0.05), but the positive expression rates of CD19, CD38, CD56 and CD138 as well as SRL positive rate were not significantly different between group A and B (P>0.05). The incidence of fatigue, rash, peripheral neuropathy, anlmia, granulocyte deficiance and so on in group B and C was significantly lower than that in group A(P<0.05), but the difference in group B and C was not significant (P>0.05). The therapeutic efficacy of different doses of dexamethasone combined with bortezomib and thalidomide for patients with multiple myeloma is similar, can obviously enhance remission rate, prolong the survival time, promote life quality, but the incidence of adverse reactions in low dose dexamethason rigemen is significantly reduced, and the safety is better.

Reduced Translocation of Glyphosate and Dicamba in Combination Contributes to Poor Control of Kochia scoparia: Evidence of Herbicide Antagonism

Kochia scoparia is a troublesome weed across the Great Plains of North America. Glyphosate and dicamba have been used for decades to control K. scoparia. Due to extensive selection, glyphosate- and dicamba-resistant (GDR) K. scoparia have evolved in the USA. Herbicide mixtures are routinely used to improve weed control. Herbicide interactions if result in an antagonistic effect can significantly affect the management of weeds, such as K. scoparia. To uncover the interaction of glyphosate and dicamba when applied in combination in K. scoparia management the efficacies of different doses of glyphosate plus dicamba were evaluated under greenhouse and field conditions using GDR and a known glyphosate- and dicamba-susceptible (GDS) K. scoparia. The results of greenhouse and field studies suggest that the combination of glyphosate and dicamba application controlled GDS, but glyphosate alone provided a better control of GDR K. scoparia compared to glyphosate plus dicamba combinations. Furthermore, investigation of the basis of this response suggested glyphosate and dicamba interact antagonistically and consequently, the translocation of both herbicides was significantly reduced resulting in poor control of K. scoparia. Therefore, a combination of glyphosate plus dicamba may not be a viable option to control GDR K. scoparia.

Attenuation, safety, and efficacy of a QX-like infectious bronchitis virus serotype vaccine

Avian infectious bronchitis (IB) is a highly contagious disease caused by avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), which is a considerable economic threat to the poultry industry. QX-like IBV strains have increasingly emerged in China in recent years. Hence, development of a specific vaccine to guard against their potential threat is important. In this study, we sought to develop an attenuated vaccine strain. First, attenuated QX-like IBV strain SZ130 was created by continuous passage in chicken embryos for 130 generations, and then its safety was tested. We also evaluated the protective efficacy of different doses of SZ130 against challenge with QX-like IBV field strain SD in chickens. SZ130-infected birds did not experience IB-like signs and organ lesions. Additionally, an excellent protective effect of SZ130 vaccination was observed when vaccinated birds were challenged with SD, with no clinical signs or gross lesions, decreased target tissue replication rates, and lower ciliostasis scores in all immunized groups. These findings indicate that attenuated IBV strain SZ130 is highly safe in chicks and may serve as an effective vaccine against the threat posed by QX-like IBV strains.

A Study to Assess the Efficacy of Different Doses of Propofol for Tracheal Intubation: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background:Tracheal intubation is usually facilitated by using a muscle relaxant to supplement drugs given for the induction of general anesthesia. Nondepolarizing muscle relaxants are also associated with the few disadvantages. Endotracheal intubation under volatile anesthetics without the use of muscle relaxants is possible, but it has disadvantages. Time available for intubation is much less when compared to the use of muscle relaxants. Considering the disadvantages of muscle relaxants and volatile agents in mind, there is a need for endotracheal intubation without muscle relaxants.Objective:The objective of the study is to assess the efficacy of different doses of propofol for tracheal intubation – a randomized clinical trial.Materials and Methods:A randomized study was conducted on 80 patients, comprising of 40 patients each. Patients of either sex were randomly allocated into Group P1 and Group P2 by computer-generated random numbers where Group P1 received 2 mg/kg propofol +3 μg/kg fentanyl and Group P2 received 4 mg/kg propofol +3 μg/kg fentanyl. SpO2, heart rate, blood pressure (BP)- systolic BP, diastolic BP, and mean arterial pressure were recorded at 1 and 3 min after administration of study drugs were recorded. Intubating conditions were assessed modified Helbo–Hansen scoring system.Results:The success rate of endotracheal intubation was 62.5% and 95% in propofol 2 mg/kg + fentanyl 3 μg/kg and propofol 4 mg/kg + Fentanyl 3 μg/kg, respectively. The total incidence of hypotension was 40% and 83% in propofol 2 mg/kg + Fentanyl 3 μg/kg and propofol 4 mg/kg + Fentanyl 3 μg/kg, respectively. The incidence of hypersensitivity was noted only in propofol 4 mg/kg + Fentanyl 3 μg/kg group and was 2.5%.Conclusion:We conclude that endotracheal intubation is possible in premedicated adult American Society of Anesthesiologists by Grade I patients with receiving 3 μg/kg Fentanyl + 2 mg/kg or 4 mg/kg propofol for induction without muscle relaxants, and the intubating conditions are acceptable. We found that propofol 4 mg/kg + Fentanyl 3 μg/kg is the optimal dose required for intubation without the use of muscle relaxants.

Intrathecal Tramadol for Prevention of Postanesthesia Shivering after Subarachnoid Block: A Prospective Randomized Placebo-Controlled Comparison of Two Different Doses (10 and 20 mg).

Background:Shivering is a common and distressing complication following subarachnoid block (SAB). Literature comparing the antishivering efficacy of different doses of intrathecal (IT) tramadol is lacking.Aims:This prospective randomized controlled study was undertaken to evaluate and compare the antishivering efficacy of IT tramadol 10 and 20 mg.Methods:Ninety adult patients undergoing lower limb orthopedic surgeries under SAB were randomized into three groups (n = 30) to receive IL 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine 3 ml with tramadol 0 mg (Group C), 10 mg (Group T10), or 20 mg (Group T20) in normal saline. Shivering was assessed using a 5-point intensity scoring system intraoperatively and up to 4-h postoperatively. The onset and duration of sensory and motor block, duration of analgesia, and adverse effects were assessed.Statistical Analysis Used:Analysis of variance and Pearson Chi-square test were used for statistical analysis.Results:The incidence and intensity of shivering were significantly reduced in Group T10 versus C (incidence, P = 0.007; intensity, P = 0.002) and T20 versus C (incidence, P < 0.001; intensity, P < 0.001) but comparable among groups T10 and T20 (incidence, P = 0.133; intensity, P = 0.142). There was a significant dose-dependent prolongation of duration of sensory block (121, 137, and 150.5 min; P = 0.001), motor block (242.83, 298.5, and 344 min; P < 0.001), and analgesia (289.17, 357, and 404.67 min; P < 0.001) with escalating doses of IT tramadol, respectively. All the groups were comparable with respect to hemodynamic variables, core temperature, and adverse effects.Conclusion:The addition of tramadol 10 or 20 mg IT to 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine for SAB is associated with significant reduction in the incidence and intensity of postanesthesia shivering and prolongation of the duration of postoperative analgesia. Tramadol 20 mg IT compared to 10 mg IT significantly prolonged the duration of postoperative analgesia but failed to demonstrate any significant attenuation of postanesthesia shivering.

Efficacy of different doses of ketamine as a bolus in major depressive disorder.

Background:Major depressive disorder is a severe, heterogeneous, common medical illness and a leading cause of disability throughout the world that poses a significant public health issue. Previous studies have shown rapid antidepressant effects following a single administration of ketamine. This study aimed to assess the impact of route of administration and dose of ketamine for the reduction of depressive symptoms and compare the effects of different doses and methods.Methods:A double-blind clinical controlled trial was done on 100 patients with a primary diagnosis of major depressive disorder who were assigned into two groups of 50 subjects at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg and 0.75 mg/kg ketamine and each group was divided into two groups of 25 subjects following a single dose of intravenous bolus and infusion of ketamine. The patient’s severity of depression was evaluated with Hamillton Depression Rating Scale and Beck Depression Inventory scores after 2 days, 7 days, 30 days and 60 days of ketamine administration, then the results were compared between groups.Results:According to Hamilton and Beck score, the treatment response in investigated patients was 64% and 60%, respectively.Conclusions:These data suggest that ketamine effect is related to drug dose and type of administration. The dose of 0.75 mg/kg of ketamine is more effective than 0.5 mg/kg and a bolus injection of low-dose ketamine (0.5 mg/kg) is more effective than infusion and in high-dose ketamine (0.75 mg/kg), there was no difference between the methods of drug administration.

A randomized, double-blind study comparing multiple doses of Channa striatus supplementation for knee osteoarthritis

Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is the leading cause of chronic disability at older age. Channa striatus (CS) is a freshwater fish that is traditionally valued for its medicinal properties in promoting wound healing and reducing post-operative pain. This study evaluate the efficacy of different doses of oral Channa striatus extract on primary knee osteoarthritis patients. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled 3-arm trial was conducted comparing oral CS extract 1000 mg/day or 500 mg/day and placebo among knee OA patients for a 6-month intervention period. The main outcome measures were Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), analgesic scores and serum cartilage oligomeric matric protein (COMP). Laboratory-based blood tests were used as safety measures. A total of 120 patients were randomized, and 112 patients were included in the intention-to-treat analysis. Significant reductions in WOMAC stiffness and function scores were achieved at month 6 in CS 1000 mg/day and CS 500 mg/day compared to placebo groups (p < 0.05). No significant differences were found between the groups in terms of analgesic scores, serum COMP and biochemical parameters. No serious adverse events were reported in the study. In conclusion, both doses of CS showed similar efficacy and were more effective than the placebo in treating the symptoms of knee OA.

Field Experiment to Evaluate the Efficacy of Different Doses of Chemical Fungicides against Rice Brown Leaf Spot Disease Caused by &lt;i&gt;Bipolaris&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;O&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;ryzae L&lt;/i&gt;. at Paklihawa, Rupandehi, Nepal

Brown Leaf Spot of Rice, caused by the Pathogen Bipolaris oryzae, is one of the important rice diseases resulting in high yield reduction and poor grain quality. A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of different doses of chemical fungicides against brown leaf spot in ‘SabhaMansuli’ variety of rice in the research field of Institute of Agriculture and Animal Sciences, Paklihawa Campus from July 15, 2015 to December 1, 2015. The experimental design was RCBD with three replications and ten treatments. Treatments comprised of three different chemical fungicides; SAAF® (Carbendazim 12% + Mancozeb 63%), Tilt® (Propiconazole 25 EC) & Bavistin® (Carbendazim 50% W.P.) at three different doses of 1.5, 2 & 2.5 g (or ml) and a control plot. Among the different fungicides, Tilt® at the rate of 2 ml/lit water showed significantly lowest AUDPC value (373.7) followed by SAAF® at 2 gm/lit (374.9) while the highest value was shown by Bavistin® at 2gm/lit (590.1).Similarly, highest economic yield was obtained in SAAF® at 2gm/lit (5.220 t/h) followed by Tilt® at 2ml/lit water (5.210t/ha) and the lowest in Bavistin® at 1.5gm/lit (3.320t/ha). So, among different chemical fungicides, SAAF® at 2gm/lit being efficient, economical and easily accessible, farmers could be suggested for reducing the disease severity and subsequent increase in the yield of rice.

A prospective, randomized, controlled trial comparing two doses of oestrogen therapy after hysteroscopic adhesiolysis to prevent intrauterine adhesion recurrence

The aim of this prospective, randomized, controlled trial was to evaluate the efficacy of different doses of oestrogen treatment (2 mg and 6 mg daily) after hysteroscopic adhesiolysis in patients with moderate to severe adhesion according to the American Fertility Society (AFS) classification of intrauterine adhesions. A total of 121 patients were included in the final analysis. Fifty-nine patients received 2 mg oestrogen daily (low-dose group), and 62 received 6 mg oestrogen daily (high-dose group) for three cycles after surgery. Second- and third-look outpatient hysteroscopy was performed 4 and 8 weeks after the initial surgery. There was no difference in the menstrual pattern and AFS scores before and after surgery between the two groups, and AFS scores at the second- and third-look hysteroscopy were found to be significantly lower than the scores before surgery in both groups (both P < 0.01). While this study did not address the fundamental question of whether oestrogen adjuvant therapy prevents the recurrence of intrauterine adhesions, the findings do not support the use of high-dose oestrogen therapy after hysteroscopic adhesiolysis.

Curative efficacy of different doses of atorvastatin combined with fenofibrate in treatment of mixed type hyperlipidemia and its effects on blood lipid and prognosis

Objective To study the curative efficacy of different doses of atorvastatin combined with fenofibrate in treatment of mixed type hyperlipidemia and its effects on blood lipid and prognosis. Methods 120 patients of mixed type hyperlipidemia who received therapy were selected as research subjects.According to random number table, the patients were divided into A group (n=60) and B group (n=60). The two groups were treated with atorvastatin and fenofibrate, the dose of atorvastatin in A group was 10mg, which in B group was 20mg, fenofibrate dose was 200mg.After 4 weeks of treatment, the therapeutic effect was compared. Results After treatment, the blood lipids of the two groups were improved(P 0.05). The incidence rate of adverse reactions in A group was lower than that in B group[96.67%(58/60) vs.76.67%(46/60)](χ2=6.171, P<0.05). Conclusion Low dose (10 mg) of atorvastatin combined with fenofibrate for mixed type hyperlipidemia has good lipid regulating effect, and adverse reaction is low, has little effect on the liver function of patients, which can effectively improve the prognosis, it is worthy of application and promotion. Key words: Hyperlipidemia, familial combined; Atorvastatin; Fenofibrate

Clinical efficacy of different doses of esomeprazole based quadruple therapy on 248 cases of Helicobacter pylori caused gastritis in Uygur

Objective To compare the efficacy of different doses of esomeprazole based quadruple therapy on Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) eradication in Uygur population, and to study the relationship between H. pylori eradication and dyspepsia symptoms in H. pylori caused gastritis. Methods From August 2015 to May 2016, Uygur patients diagnosed with H. pylori positive superficial gastritis in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Kashgar Prefecture were recruited.According to random number table, patients were divided into single-dose group, standard-dose group and high-dose group. In single-dose group patients received esomeprazole 40 mg, once per day; in standard-dose group patients received esomeprazole 20 mg, twice per day; and in high-dose group patients received esomeprazole 40 mg, twice per day; besides esomeprazole the treatment of three groups were all combination of amoxicillin, clarithromycin and bismuth, magnesium compound granules.The treatment course of all three groups was 14 days. The H. pylori eradication rate, clinical efficacy, symptom score and adverse drug reaction were compared. The H. pylori eradication rate was evaluated with intention to treat analysis (ITT) and per-protocol sets (PP). Chi square test, t test and one-way analysis of vaiance were used for statistical comparison. Results A total of 248 patients were enrolled, 82 cases in single-dose group, 83 cases in standard-dose group and 83 cases in high-dose group. There were five, five and six cases lose to follow-up or dropped out respectively in single-dose, standard-dose and high-dose group. The results of ITT analysis showed that the eradication rates of H. pylori in single-dose group, standard-dose group and high-dose group were 62.2%(51/82), 77.1%(64/83) and 89.2%(74/83), respectively; the differences between each two groups were statistically significant (χ2=4.34, 16.33 and 4.30, all P 0.05). Conclusions High dose of esomeprazole based quadruple therapy can increase the eradication rate of H. pylori in Uygur population, and H. pylori eradication therapy can significantly improve the dyspepsia symptoms of H. pylori caused gastritis in Uygur. High dose of esomeprazole may improve the clinical efficacy of H. pylori caused gastritis with dyspeptic symptoms in Uygur with safety. Key words: Helicobacter pylori gastritis; Dyspepsia; Quadruple therapy; Esomeprazole; Uygur nationality

Efficacy of different doses of radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy in patients with painful calcaneal spur

Efficacy of different doses of radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy in patients with painful calcaneal spur