Effects Of Positive Emotions Research Articles

Effects of Positive and Negative Emotions on Picture Naming for People With Mild-to-Moderate Aphasia: A Preliminary Investigation.

The purpose of the study is to investigate how emotional arousal and valence affect confrontational naming accuracy and response time (RT) in people with mild-to-moderate aphasia compared with adults without aphasia. We hypothesized that negative and positive emotions would facilitate naming for people with aphasia (PWA) but lead to slower responses for adults with no aphasia. Eight participants with mild-to-moderate aphasia, 15 older adults (OAs), and 17 young adults (YAs) completed a confrontational naming task across three conditions (positive, negative, and neutral) in an ABA (where A = neutral and B = negative) case series design. Immediately following each naming condition, participants self-reported their perceived arousal and pleasure. Accuracy and RT were measured and compared. As expected, PWA performed significantly less accurately and with longer RTs than both YA and OA groups across all conditions. However, opposite our hypothesis for the aphasia group, the negative condition resulted in decreased accuracy for the aphasia and the OA group and increased RT across all groups. No statistically significant differences were found between the positive and any other condition. Participants with aphasia who demonstrated an effect in the negative condition were observed to produce a larger proportion of semantically related errors than any other error types. Findings suggest that strong negative emotions can interfere with semantic-lexical processing by diverting attentional resources to emotion regulation. Both clinicians and researchers should be aware of the potential influence of negative stimuli and negative emotional states on language performance for PWA, and these effects should be disentangled in future research. Further research should also be conducted with a larger number of participants with aphasia across a broader range of severity to replicate and extend findings. https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.19119356.

A Study on the Correlation Between Media Usage Frequency and Audiences' Risk Perception, Emotion and Behavior.

Whether risk events can be effectively controlled and mitigated is largely influenced by people’s perceptions of risk events and their behavioral cooperation. Therefore, this study used a web-based questionnaire (N = 306) to investigate the specific factors influencing people’s risk perceptions and behaviors, and included a test for the difference in the effect of positive and negative emotions of the audiences. The results show that the overall model has good explanatory power (R2 = 61%) for the behavioral variables, and (1) how people’s use of different media (especially TV and online media) significantly influenced their positive and negative emotions; (2) how people’s frequency of TV use significantly influenced their risk susceptibility and how online media use significantly influenced their risk severity (with some differences in people’s perceptions of efficacy between different media); (3) how people’s sense of efficacy for risky events is the strongest predictor of their risk control behavior; and (4) that there are different mediating effects of different emotions and risk severity and sense of efficacy between the frequency of media use and risk control behavior.

TRANSLATING THE FUNCTIONAL MOVEMENTS OF THE MILITARY INTO SPECIFIC CrossFit TRAINING

CrossFit is a branded physical training program that is ”extensive, general, and comprehensive”, including a series of exercises and workouts with increasing intensity, which can be an effective form of exercise for military personnel seeking a various training routine. Based on the biomechanics of the human body translated into functional movements and exercises, which allow the daily tasks to be performed efficiently, constantly varied and performed at a high intensity, CrossFit can also have positive mental and emotional effects, raising the level of certainty of the military in relation to their own abilities, capabilities and judgments. CrossFit means a lot more than just pulling the strings in the gym, it՚s a great way to get in shape, gain muscle mass or lose weight, and live a healthy lifestyle. The CrossFit community is well known for its close relationships with its members, for promoting patriotism, and for supporting the local community and military veterans, working hard in a variety of ways to uphold these values.

Effects of Positive and Negative Emotions of Medical Students With Different Active Personality on Boredom Coping

Proactive personality; Positive negative emotion; Boring coping

Beliefs, emotions, and usage of information and communication technologies in distance learning during the COVID-19 pandemic: Health sciences students' perspectives.

ObjectivesFirst, to examine Health Sciences students’ discipline, educational level, number of online courses taken, and emotions regarding distance learning; second, to explore a model in which information and communication technologies' (ICT) beliefs serve as mediators among ICT's emotions and ICT usage.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study. Participants consisted of 210 students from the School of Health Sciences at the University. Perceptions toward ICTs in Teaching-Learning Process Scale and Computer Emotion Scale were used.ResultsNursing students report significantly more ICT-related negative emotions than Management of Health Systems students. Students who took a low or medium number of online courses report significantly more ICT-related positive emotions than students who took a high number of online courses. In addition, ICT-related beliefs did not mediate the effects of ICT-related positive emotions and ICT usage but did mediate ICT-related negative emotions and ICT usage.ConclusionsThe digital tools in online courses should be appropriately combined with the learning method, and course content. It requires not only a solid technical foundation but also an educational mentality, as well as an adjustment period.

The Positive Emotional Effects of Chinese Traditional Music on the College Students

The Positive Emotional Effects of Chinese Traditional Music on the College Students

Effect of positive emotions on perceptual processing of visual probes.

The late positive potential (LPP) is an event-related potential that increases in response to emotional stimuli. Brown et al. investigated the functional significance of LPP. They induced the LPP by presenting unpleasant pictures and reported that N1 in response to a visual probe, which reflects perceptual processing in the visual cortex, was attenuated compared to N1 when neutral pictures induced the LPP. This finding suggested that visual cortex activity is inhibited during LPP elicitation (global inhibition hypothesis). However, they did not examine the activity of the visual cortex during LPP induced by pleasant pictures. Based on previous research reporting that positive emotions enhance motivation and cognitive activity (e.g. broaden and build theory), we hypothesize that perceptual processing of visual probes during LPP is enhanced by pleasant pictures, which increase N1 to the visual probe. We investigated this hypothesis by presenting visual probes during LPP generated by emotional pictures following Brown et al. The results demonstrated that the N1 amplitude increased, and response times to visual probes decreased during the LPP induced by pleasant pictures compared to unpleasant pictures. These findings suggest that positive emotions elicited by pleasant pictures enhanced the perceptual processing of visual probes, which is suggestive of the approach function of LPP during positive emotional experiences.

The Influence of Hedonistic Motives, Fashion Interest, and Positive Emotions on the Impulsive Buying of Fashion Products with Sales Promotion as Moderating Variables

This study analyzes the effect of hedonic motives, fashion involvement, and positive emotions on impulsive buying of fashion products with sales promotion as a moderating variable. This quantitative study used the accidental sampling method. The sample was 122 respondents. Analysis techniques were used based on Partial Least Square (PLS) to test the hypotheses. The results indicate that 1) hedonic motives, fashion involvement, and positive emotions have a positive and significant effect on impulsive buying fashion products, 2) sales promotion, sales promotion, and sales promotion can strengthen the influence of positive and significant positive emotions on the impulsive buying of fashion products.

The Role of Media and Communication in Reducing Uncertainty During the Syria War

Ten years after the uprising in Syria, millions of its citizens remain displaced and uncertain about their fate. Throughout that period, media coverage about the ensuing civil war played a major role in informing Syrians and contributed to altering their levels of fear and anxiety about their country’s future and their survival prospects. This study examined the role of legacy media, online media, and interpersonal communication in increasing or reducing uncertainty among displaced and non-displaced Syrians. Through a revised construct of uncertainty reduction theory within the context of a civil war, we assessed the relationship between exposure to these media sources and feeling anxious, uncertain, angry, and in danger, and whether these feelings influenced information consumption trends. We also probed the connection between their anxiety levels and sharing information, both interpersonally and on social media. The study surveyed 2,192 Syrian adults (95% CI, ±2.5) living in Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, and Turkey, both inside and outside refugee camps, using a random multistage cluster sampling technique. The findings revealed a strong relationship between positive emotions and time spent on legacy and online media. The more secure, proud, and hopeful people felt, the more likely they were to spend time on media sources. This relationship, however, was moderated by the perceived importance of these sources. Feelings of pride, security, and hopefulness generated by television and online media correlated with the time people spent on these media sources, and the perceived importance of such media further strengthened this relationship. A different picture appeared in the relationship between positive emotions and interpersonal communication, where the perceived importance of talking to people not only significantly moderated the relationship but also canceled out the main effect of positive emotions on the time people spend communicating with others. The findings also indicated that feelings of uncertainty about these sources may stand in the way of sharing information about the war on social media.

How Challenge Demands Have Offsetting Effects on Job Performance: Through the Positive and Negative Emotions.

By combining the broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions (Fredrickson, 2001) and the transactional theory of stress (Lazarus and Folkman, 1984), this study examines how challenge demands (i.e., task complexity and time pressure) have dual effects on employees’ job performance through the mediating effects of positive and negative emotions. We collected data from 414 employees from three firms located in China, including two hi-tech firms and one financial firm. The results indicated that challenge demands (i.e., task complexity and time pressure) have an overall positive effect on employees’ job performance (i.e., task performance and contextual performance) by offsetting positive indirect effects with negative indirect effects. The theoretical and practical implications are also discussed.

Can Trait Mindfulness Improve Job Satisfaction? The Relationship Between Trait Mindfulness and Job Satisfaction of Preschool Teachers: The Sequential Mediating Effect of Basic Psychological Needs and Positive Emotions.

Objective: This study aims to explore the relationship between basic psychological needs and positive emotions of preschool teachers between trait mindfulness and job satisfaction.Methods: Three hundred and ninety-eight preschool teachers were tested with mindfulness attention awareness scale, basic psychological needs scale, positive emotion scale, and job satisfaction scale.Results: Preschool teachers trait mindfulness can predict job satisfaction (β = 0.265, p < 0. 001). Preschool teachers trait mindfulness has an indirect impact on job satisfaction through basic psychological needs (β = 0.059, p = 0.002), and preschool teachers trait mindfulness has an indirect impact on job satisfaction through positive emotions (β = 0.123, p < 0. 001). In addition, basic psychological needs and positive emotions play a sequential intermediary role between preschool teachers trait mindfulness and job satisfaction (β = 0.017, p < 0. 001).Conclusion: Basic psychological needs and positive emotions play a sequential mediating role between preschool teachers trait mindfulness and job satisfaction, and this sequential mediating effect accounts for a high proportion of the total effect.

Effect of corporate social responsibility perception on job satisfaction

This study empirically examined the effect of the perception of corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities on job satisfaction, as mediated by compassion and positive emotions toward work. Data were collected from 232 employees working in manufacturing, financial, telecommunications, transportation, and service industries in South Korea. The results confirm that (a) there were positive relationships between the perception of CSR activities and compassion, and between compassion and job satisfaction; (b) there were positive relationships between positive emotions toward work and job satisfaction, and between the perception of CSR activities and job satisfaction; and (c) there was a serial multiple mediation effect of compassion and positive emotions toward work on the pathway from the perception of CSR activities to job satisfaction. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

Dynamic Functional Network Connectivity Associated with Musical Emotions Evoked by Different Tempi.

Introduction: Music tempo has strong clinical maneuverability and positive emotional effect in music therapy, which can directly evoke multiple emotions and dynamic neural changes in the whole brain. However, the precise relationship between music tempo and its emotional effects remains unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the dynamic network connectivity (dFNC) associated with emotions elicited by music at different tempi. Materials and Methods: We obtained emotion ratings of fast-tempo (155-170 beats per minute [bpm]), middle-tempo (90 bpm), and slow-tempo (50-60 bpm) piano music from 40 participants both during and after functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Group independent component analysis (ICA), sliding time window correlations, and k-means clustering were used to assess the dFNC of fMRI data. Paired t-tests were conducted to compare the difference of neural networks. Results: (1) Fast music was associated with higher ratings of emotional valence and arousal, which were accompanied with increasing dFNC between somatomotor (SM) and cingulo-opercular (CO) networks and decreasing dFNC between frontoparietal and SM networks. (2) Even with stronger activation in auditory (AUD) networks, slow music was associated with weaker emotion than fast music, with decreasing functional network connectivity across the brain and the participation of default mode (DM). (3) Middle-tempo music elicited moderate emotional activation with the most stable dFNC in the whole brain. Conclusion: Faster music increases neural activity in the SM and CO regions, increasing the intensity of the emotional experience. In contrast, slower music was associated with decreasing engagement of AUD and stable engagement of DM, resulting in a weak emotional experience. These findings suggested that the time-varying aspects of functional connectivity can help to uncover the dynamic neural substrates of tempo-evoked emotion while listening to music.

FACTORS INFLUENCING SELF-MANAGEMENT BEHAVIORS OF PATIENTS WITH HEMODIALYSIS

Improving the level of self-management is a useful way to cut down the incidence of mortality and complications and enhance quality of life. The purpose of this study was to explore the potential effects of positive and negative emotions on self-management behavior among persons undergoing hemodialysis. A descriptive study and secondary analysis was conducted using two surveys that were administered two years apart (2014, 2016). A total of 250 hemodialysis patients were included in the first survey and 75 participated in the two-year follow-up survey in 2016.Self-efficacy, serenity, and depression were measured at baseline, and self-management was assessed at the two-year follow-up. Baseline self-efficacy (r = .36, p = .002) and serenity (r = .32, p = .005) were positively associated with follow-up self-management behavior. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis showed baseline self-efficacy was a important predictor of self-management behaviors, explaining 10.7% of the variance (F = 5.14, p= .003). This study demonstrated the importance of maintaining a positive psychological state, particularly self-efficacy and serenity, while coping with a long-term chronic disease. Improving self-efficacy may increase self-management behavior of patients undergoing hemodialysis or potentially of patients with other chronic therapies or conditions.

To whom should I be kind? A randomized trial about kindness for strong and weak social ties on mental wellbeing and its specific mechanisms of change

The current study examines the role of social ties in performing kind acts to enhance university students’ wellbeing. Due to facing multifaceted challenges, university students form a group that is particularly vulnerable in terms of their mental health. Interventions harnessing prosocial behaviour have the potential to increase students’ wellbeing, strengthen personal competencies, and broaden social networks. The first aim of the trial (N = 222) was to explore whether a 4-week acts-of-kindness intervention targeting either (1) strong social ties, (2) weak social ties or (3) unspecified receivers (treatment-as-usual) differ in their impact on students’ mental wellbeing, positive relations, depressive symptoms, anxiety, and perceived stress. The second aim was to examine whether kindness for strong versus weak social ties have different underlying working mechanisms (i.e., positive emotions versus self-esteem) and who benefits most from these instructions (i.e., those with high or low levels of self-esteem and positive relations). Results demonstrated that the most significant improvements in mental wellbeing were found in the kindness for strong social ties condition compared to the other conditions. No mediation effects of positive emotions and self-esteem were found. Moderation analyses revealed that participants who performed kind acts for weak social ties reported significantly less positive effects on mental wellbeing, but only when their levels of self-esteem at baseline were medium or high. Independent of group allocation, participants’ mental wellbeing increased throughout the intervention, but so did the experience of depressive symptoms, anxiety, and perceived stress. More research is needed to examine the timing of kindness interventions and investigate how they can improve mental wellbeing and psychological distress in acute phases of academic stress in university students.

A Study on the Effect of Positive Emotions on Skin Appearance

A Study on the Effect of Positive Emotions on Skin Appearance

1500Determinants of dietary behaviour and physical activity in Australian adolescents

Abstract Background The increased prevalence of obesity, unhealthy diet and sedentary lifestyles among Australian adolescents has become a public health concern. This study investigated the associations between socio-economic status, screen-time, social networks, sleep, and wellbeing and subsequent health behaviours. Methods A cohort of 582 adolescents aged 13-19 years from Sydney were prospectively followed for 22-weeks (8 November 2019 – 19 April 2020). Study factors were collected via mobile phone app using weekly ecological momentary assessments (EMAs). Multi-level mixed effects logistic regression model assessed associations between baseline characteristics of participants, socio-economic status, screen-time, sleep, and wellbeing and subsequent dietary behaviour and physical activity. Results TV watching (odds ratio [OR]=1.22, 95% CI: 0.98-1.5), social media and internet use (OR = 1.22, 95% CI: 0.97-1.53) were associated with fast food consumption. Participants who spent more than four hours a day on social media were also less likely to be physically active for ³60 minutes (OR = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.6-0.94). Fast food consumption was associated with lower vegetable (OR = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.43-0.85) and fruit intake (OR = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.61-1.01), and was also more prevalent in participants with a job (OR = 1.42, 95% CI: 1.09-1.86). There was no substantial effect of psychological distress, positive emotions, social relationships and sleep on any health behaviour. Conclusions The present study has shown that lifestyle behaviours had a stronger effect on dietary behaviour and physical activity than some of the socio-demographic factors. Key messages Future studies with a balanced sample in terms of sex, age and cultural background are needed.

Drinking tea improves the convergent creativity performance

Tea consumption has been extensively shown to be closely related to physical health and cognitive abilities. However, there are no definite conclusions on the relationship between tea consumption and convergent thinking. Convergent thinking requires top-down cognitive processing, which focuses on searching for an appropriate idea based on well-defined criteria. It is a necessary part of the creative process and is inextricably linked to divergent thinking that requires people to search for many different ideas with less defined criteria within a wider search span. It has been found that tea consumption is beneficial to divergent thinking in creativity. Given that convergent thinking is related to divergent thinking, we hypothesized that drinking tea may also promote convergent thinking. This research was to investigate the enhancing effects of tea on convergent thinking and test its possible mediating mechanism (i.e., the role of positive emotions) and marginal conditions (e.g., the moderating roles of intelligence and tea preference). In Experiment 1, participants completed the Remote Association Test (RAT) which requires the solver to create a meaningful link (word association) that mediates three seemingly unrelated cues (e.g., Same–Tennis–Head is mediated by Match) after drinking tea or water. The results showed that the type of drinks and tea consumption habits had a significant interaction effect on RAT scores. The participants who drank tea (v.s. water) and had the habit of drinking tea performed best in the RAT. A “split half effect” was found. That is, participants' performance in different groups was significantly different in the second half of the RAT, suggesting that drinking tea leads to persistent problem-solving convergent thinking. Experiment 2 aimed to replicate the findings in Experiment 1 using a different convergent thinking task, namely, riddle tasks, where participants needed to solve riddles with different levels of difficulty. The results revealed that performance in the tea group on the difficult tasks was significantly higher than that in the water group; after controlling for knowledge level and intelligence, the differences in the performance in the medium- and high-difficulty riddle tasks between the two groups were significant. Although no experiments found a mediating effect of positive emotions, Experiment 2 showed that the participants in the tea group were happier and more interested in the task than those in the water group. To conclude, the positive effects of tea drinking on convergent thinking was demonstrated, and the moderating effects of knowledge level, intelligence, and tea drinking habits were elaborated. The results have important practical significance for those who are engaged in creative work or those who are prone to fatigue.

How Is Work Ability Shaped in Groups of Shift and Non-Shift Workers? A Comprehensive Approach to Job Resources and Mediation Role of Emotions at Work.

There is much less research on the relationship between shift work and positive states experienced in the workplace, e.g., emotions and work ability. Using the job demands-resources model, conservation of resources theory and the broaden-and-build theory as theoretical frameworks, the direct and indirect (mediated via positive and negative emotions) relations between the complex of job resources and work ability were tested in the group of shift and non-shift workers. Three types of resources related to task, leadership and interpersonal relations were taken into account. Data were collected among 1510 workers. Structural equation modelling (SEM) showed that only leadership was directly related to high work ability in both occupational groups. Indirect effects of positive and negative emotions were strongly supported. Both of them mediate the effects of the three analysed job resources on work ability, but individual job resources impacted were different. Leadership resources led to “good” work ability by the intensification of positive and reduction of negative emotions. Interpersonal resources decrease negative emotions. Task resources, conversely, intensified positive emotions, which in turn increased work ability. These research results shed more light on the ways of shaping work ability among shift and non-shift workers.

When and how supporting others can improve life satisfaction: A longitudinal study examining collectivistic values.

Objectives: Individuals who support others reap mental health benefits from this act. Recent studies have identified individual differences in other-oriented processes that shift who benefits the most from support giving. Yet existing studies have examined people from individualistic societies (e.g., United States), and whether these findings extend to individuals from collectivistic societies (e.g., China) remain unknown. Moreover, little is known about the pathways through which support giving may lead to higher life satisfaction. With a sample of Chinese international students, we examined how individual differences in collectivistic values (i.e., face concerns and prosocial motivations) shift the impact of support giving to close others on life satisfaction. We also examined the underlying role of positive and negative emotions. Method: One hundred seventy-eight Chinese international students completed online baseline and 2-month follow-up surveys. Results: Emotional support giving, but not instrumental support giving, was associated with greater life satisfaction through increased positive and reduced negative emotions over time. The mediation pathways were moderated by face concerns such that the indirect effects of both positive and negative emotions were significant only among those with high face concerns and not among those with low face concerns. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the mental health benefits of support giving are shaped by the cultural values of the individual. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).