Effect Of Phosphorus Fertilization Research Articles

Effects of phosphorus fertilizer on kernel phytic acid and zinc bioavailability in sweet corn

<p id="C3">To clarify the effects of phosphorus fertilizer on nutritional characteristics of sweet corn kernels, the temporal (different filling stages) and spatial (upper, middle, and lower cob; kernel skin dregs, endosperm and embryo) variations of phytic acid (PA), phosphorus (P) and zinc (Zn) contents and Zn bioavailability of sweet corn kernels and their responses to exogenous phosphorus fertilizer were investigated using filed phosphorus fertilizer experiment (P fertilizer location experiment for sweet corn genotypes and P fertilizer level experiment). The results were as follows: P fertilizer mainly inhibited Zn bioavailability by suppressing Zn concentration in sweet corn kernels, and increased PA concentrations concurrently. P fertilizer input showed significant effects on the accumulation of PA, P, and Zn (mg plant^-1) after 16-24 days of silking, while inhibitory effects were detected on Zn bioavailability at different kernel filling stages. There was no significant difference in the kernel of PA (g kg^-1) and zinc bioavailability among different cob positions under medium P treatment. However, the high P level significantly improved the accumulation of PA in the middle and lower cob, while the inhibitory effect was found on the kernel of Zn concentration and Zn bioavailability at all cob positions. Among different parts of the kernel (skin dregs, endosperm, and embryo), the concentrations of PA, P, and Zn were the highest values in the embryo and their accumulation were the highest value in the endosperm, while Zn bioavailability was also the highest in the embryo. High P treatment significantly increased PA and P concentrations and decreased Zn concentration and its bioavailability at different kernel positions. Hence, optimized phosphorus fertilizer application could promote kernel Zn accumulation, while excessive P fertilizer input significantly increased PA accumulation at different filling stages, as well as in the endosperm and embryo, and eventually had a significant inhibitory effect on kernel Zn bioavailability in sweet corn at different cob and kernel positions. This study provides a theoretical reference for the biofortification of Zn in sweet corn seeds.

Effect of phosphorus fertilization and molybdenum seed treatment on yield and economics of soybean

A field experiment was carried out on Alfisols during rainy season 2015 at CollegeFarm, College ofAgriculture, PJTSAU, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana to find the effect of soil application of phosphorus fertilizer and molybdenum seed treatment on soybean. Results revealed that soil application of 60 kg P2O5 recorded significantly higher yield attributes (seeds/pod), N uptake by seed (117.0 kg/ha), protein content (41.0 %), seed yield (1784 kg/ha) besides higher gross (` 59,220/ha), net returns (` 39,520/ha) and B:C ratio (3.0). Similarly seed treatment with molybdenum@ 6 g/kg registered higher yield attributes (seeds/pod), N uptake by seed (101.6 kg/ha), protein content (40.2 %), seed yield (1572 kg/ha) apart from gross, net returns and B:C ratio (` 49,872/ha, ` 31,892/ha and 2.78) respectively.

Effects of phosphorus fertilizer on root characteristics, uptake and utilization of phosphorus and yield of dryland wheat with contrasting yearly rainfall pattern.

To understand the growth responses of dryland wheat to different application rates of phosphorus fertilizer in different rainfall years, we examined root characteristics, spike number, yield and phosphate utilization. Results would help improve phosphate fertilizer use in dryland wheat production. We carried out a field experiment at the research station of Shanxi Agricultural University from 2012 to 2016. We examined the effects of four application rates of phosphorus (0, 75, 150 and 225 kg·hm-2 on root growth, phosphate utilization and yield formation of dryland wheat in different years with contrasting rainfall pattern. Compared with the treatment without phosphorus fertilization, phosphate application increased root surface area at all growth stages and root weight density in the 0-80 cm soil layer at jointing, anthesis, and maturity stages. Phosphate application significantly increased soil water consumption from jointing to anthesis, and total soil water consumption in the growing season. Phosphate application enhanced the amount of pre-anthesis phosphate translocation and phosphate accumulation of grain. Spike number, yield and water use efficiency were increased with 75, 150 and 225 kg P·hm-2 by 9.2% to 22.5%, 11.8% to 30.0%, and 2.1% to 12.1%, respectively. In the dry years, the application rates of 150 and 225 kg P·hm-2 in comparison to 75 kg P·hm-2 significantly increased root weight density and root surface area at all stages, soil water consumption from sowing to jointing and from jointing to anthesis, and total water consumption in the growing season. In comparison to the rate of 75 kg P·hm-2, 150 and 225 kg P·hm-2 increased soil water consumption from sowing to jointing by 7.3-8.7 mm, soil water consumption from jointing to anthesis by 15.6-18.1 mm, and total water consumption by 15.6-18.1 mm. Significant increase in the pre-anthesis phosphate translocation and phosphate accumulation in grain was higher under 150 and 225 kg P·hm-2 than that under 75 kg P·hm-2 in dry years. Furthermore, the two rates (150 and 225 kg P·hm-2) in dry years increased spike number by 9.3%-10.7% and yield by 11.9%-14.6%. The application rate of 150 kg P·hm-2 significantly improved phosphorus use efficiency by 20%-82% in comparison to other rates. In normal years, the rates of 150 and 225 kg P·hm-2 increased root surface area, root weight density at both anthesis and maturity compared with 75 kg P·hm-2. Soil water consumption from anthesis to maturity and total soil water consumption in the growing season were also increased by 1.2-15.0 and 3.8-23.1 mm, respectively. In addition, phosphorus accumulation in post-anthesis and phosphate accumulation in grain were increased in both 150 and 225 kg P·hm-2, which increased spike number by 1.4%-9.6% and yield by 3.5%-10.4%. The effects of phosphate application at the rate of 150 kg P·hm-2 were significantly different from 75 and 225 kg P·hm-2. In conclusion, phosphorus fertilizer application enhanced uptake of water and phosphate in dryland wheat at early and middle growth stages in dry years and at the late growth stage in normal years. Phosphorus application increased wheat yield mainly due to the increases of spike number. The application of 150 kg P·hm-2 is the best choice for high water and phosphorus fertilizer use efficiency and high yield in both dry and normal years.

Effect of Phosphorus Fertilizer on Brassica Napusl (B.N) Oil and Protein in Water Fed Cultivation in Different Groups of Soil Phosphor Fertility

Effect of Phosphorus Fertilizer on Brassica Napusl (B.N) Oil and Protein in Water Fed Cultivation in Different Groups of Soil Phosphor Fertility

Effects of Phosphorus Fertilization and Plant Spacing on Herbage Yield of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in Bauchi State, Nigeria

A field trial was conducted at Bauchi State university teaching and research farm Gadau during 2018 and 2019 rainy seasons, to study the effects of phosphorus fertilization and plant spacing on herbage yield of groundnut. The treatments consisted of four levels of phosphorus fertilizer (0, 30, 60 and 90 kg P2O5/ha) and three spacing (20 × 60 cm, 25 × 60 cm and 30 × 60 cm), factorially combined to give 12 treatments and laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) replicated three times. The results of the experiment showed a significant (P &lt; 0.01) difference among the treatments used throughout the study period. The result also revealed that, application of 60 and 90 kg P2O5/ha were observed to be statistically similar but significantly (P ≤ 0.05) recorded the highest number of branches, canopy spread, biomass, stover and pod yield than the other treatments used. However, all treatments were better than the control. In terms of spacing however, widest spacing (30 × 60 cm) significantly (P ≤ 0.05) gave the highest number of branches and canopy spread than the other spacing used. The result further indicated that, closest spacing (20 × 60 cm) recorded the highest biomass and stover yields throughout the study period. Years of study on the other hand, 2019 was proved to be significantly better than 2018 in all the characters observed. Based on the result of this findings, it can be concluded that, application of 60 to 90 kg/ha P2O5 and closest spacing (20 × 60 cm) gave the highest biomass and stover yields and is recommended to farmers for groundnut herbage production in the study area.

Effect of Phosphorus Fertilization and Psb on Garlic Quality under Organic Farming System

The present investigation was undertaken in complete randomized design with three replicates during winter season of 2017/2018 to study the effect of phosphorus fertilization (50, 75 and 100 % from recommended dose), Phosphate Solublizing Bacteria (PSB) and chicken manure on growth criteria , chemical traits, bulb quality and yield of garlic plants. The findings showed that growth criteria such as plant height, No. of leaves, fresh and dry weight of whole plant and its leaves, neck and bulb, yield and its components (number of clovers/bulb, bulb diameter, neck diameter, average cloves and bulb as well as total Mg/fed), chemical content (N, P and K %) and quality parameters (TSS%, total carbohydrates, crude fiber, vitamin C, dry matter, volatile oil and allicin) as well as availability of N, P and K recorded the highest values with plant treated with 75% P fertilization+ PSB +Chicken manure.

Effect of Bio-Fertilizer, Organic and Mineral Fertilizaters on Soybean Yield and Nutrients Uptake under Sandy Soil Conditions

During the two consecutive summer seasons of 2015 and 2016 at Faculty of Agric.; Damietta University, Damietta Governorate, Egypt, two pot experiments were conducted to examine the effect of phosphorus fertilization, organic fertilization and inoculation with Azotobacter as well as their interactions on nutrient uptake and yield of soybean plants (Glycine max L.). The experiment was performed using split-split plot design with 18 treatments in three replicates, three treatments of organic manure in form of chicken manure (without, 8 and 12 ton.fed-1) as the main plot, three rates of phosphorus fertilization (0, 36 and 54 kgp 2o5.fed-1) as subplot and all treatments were studied twice; once in the presence of Azotobacter strains inoculants and the other without it as sub-sub plot. Individual organic manure increased N, P and K uptake by the plant, yield and its component (100-seed, g/plant, seed yield, g/plant, pod length, cm and pods weight, g/plant) and chemical composition of seed (N, P, K, protein and total carbohydrates%). Obtained results declare that phosphorus fertilizer treatments at 54 kg P2O5.fed-1 recorded the highest values of the mentioned parameters. Bio-fertilizers increased the traits especially in presence of Azotobacter comparing with the un-inoculated plant. So, the interaction between 12 ton.fed-1 chicken manure and 54 kg.fed-1 P2O5 in presence of Azotobacter was the best treatment to achieve the highest values of parameters under investigation during two seasons.

The Status of Soil Microbiome as Affected by the Application of Phosphorus Biofertilizer: Fertilizer Enriched with Beneficial Bacterial Strains.

Regarding the unfavourable changes in agroecosystems resulting from the excessive application of mineral fertilizers, biopreparations containing live microorganisms are gaining increasing attention. We assumed that the application of phosphorus mineral fertilizer enriched with strains of beneficial microorganisms contribute to favourable changes in enzymatic activity and in the genetic and functional diversity of microbial populations inhabiting degraded soils. Therefore, in field experiments conditions, the effects of phosphorus fertilizer enriched with bacterial strains on the status of soil microbiome in two chemically degraded soil types (Brunic Arenosol—BA and Abruptic Luvisol—AL) were investigated. The field experiments included treatments with an optimal dose of phosphorus fertilizer (without microorganisms—FC), optimal dose of phosphorus fertilizer enriched with microorganisms including Paenibacillus polymyxa strain CHT114AB, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain AF75BB and Bacillus sp. strain CZP4/4 (FA100) and a dose of phosphorus fertilizer reduced by 40% and enriched with the above-mentioned bacteria (FA60). The analyzes performed included: the determination of the activity of the soil enzymes (protease, urease, acid phosphomonoesterase, β-glucosidase), the assessment of the functional diversity of microorganisms with the application of BIOLOGTM plates and the characterization of the genetic diversity of bacteria, archaea and fungi with multiplex terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism and next generation sequencing. The obtained results indicated that the application of phosphorus fertilizer enriched with microorganisms improved enzymatic activity, and the genetic and functional diversity of the soil microbial communities, however these effects were dependent on the soil type.

Effects of Phosphorus Fertilization on Hybrid Varieties of mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] in a Salinity Prone Area of the Subtropics

A field experiment was conducted comprising two varieties of mungbean, BARI Mung-5 (V1) and BARI Mung-6 (V2), and five levels of phosphorus fertilizer: triple super phosphate [Ca(H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;PO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;)] viz. T1 (control), T2 (42.5 kg P ha&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;), T3 (85 kg P ha&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;), T4 (127.5 kg P ha&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;), and T5 (170 kg P ha&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;). The experiment was organized in a randomized complete block design with three replications. V1 produced the highest number of pods per plant (7.65), whereas the maximum 1,000-seed weight (49 g) was produced by V2. The maximum plant height (30.89 cm), number of branches per plant (8.55), number of leaves per plant (19.05), number of pods per plant (10.25), pod length (8.95 cm), number of seeds per pod (9.11), 1,000-seed weight (48.17 g), and yield (1.05 t ha&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;) were obtained from the T4 treatment. The interaction of phosphorus levels and varieties had a considerable effect on the growth, yield, and yield attributes of mungbean. The highest number of leaves (20.44) and number of pods (10.39) were obtained from V1 when 127.5 kg P ha&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt; (T4) was applied, whereas the maximum number of seeds per pod (9.25) and maximum pod length (9.09 cm) were obtained when 85 kg P ha&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt; and 42.5 kg P ha&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;, respectively, were used. The highest number of branches per plant (8.87), 1,000-seed weight (52.83 g), and the maximum seed yield (1.14 t ha&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;) were achieved from the treatment V2T4 owing to the interactive effect of phosphorus dose and mungbean variety.

EFFECT OF POTASSIUM HUMATE AND PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZATION ON FABA BEAN PLANTS OF YIELD AND ITS CONTENT OF NUTRIENTS

A field experiment was carried out in the in winter season of 2015/2016 at sandy soil in El-Sadat city, El Minufia Governorate, 30.3594° N, 30.5327° E, Egypt to evaluate the effect of phosphorus fertilization and potassium humate on the growth and yields of faba bean as well as its content of N, P and K. The experiment factors were phosphorus application at three different levels (0, 10, 15 and 30 P2O5 kg kg Fed-1) and potassium humate at rate of 0, 5 and 10 kg fed-1. Also, the phosphorus use efficiency evaluated. The obtained results could be summarized as follows: Growth and yield parameters (plant height, No. of branches, No. of pods plant No. of seed pods) were significantly increased by increasing by increasing rates of added P potassium humate individually and in combination, where the highest values were resulted from their combined treatments especially at high application rates. The combination between phosphorus at 30 kg P2O5 fed-1and potassium humate at rate of 10 kg fed-1 recorded the highest growth and production as well as minerals composition (N, P and K) content compared to the other treatments. On the other hand, potassium humate at high level combined with super phosphate recorded increased in the availability of nitrogen, phosphors and potassium. Concerning, the P-efficiency the results showed that, both agronomic efficiency and apparent recovery efficiency were recorded by the highest values when compared the P fertilizer alone.

Effect of Phosphorus on Yield, Nutrient Acquisition and Use Efficiency of Groundnut in West Bengal, India

Background: Phosphorus is the crucial element to enhance yields as well bio-chemical properties namely protein and oil content in groundnut. Buildup of insoluble phosphates and chemical fixation in soil reduces phosphorus consumption ability in plants. Phosphorus use efficiency (PUE) can be increased with higher levels of phosphorus rate. The study was framed to investigate the effect of phosphorus fertilization on yield, nutrient acquisition, use efficiency and bio-chemical compositions of groundnut. Methods: The experiment was conducted in summer seasons of 2016 and 2017, using split plot design with three varieties (‘JL-24’, ‘Gangapuri’, ‘TAG-24’) in main plot and four fertilization levels (0, 40, 60, 80kg P2O5 ha-1) in sub plots. Result: The study revealed that pod yield enhanced significantly by 15.4%, 27.3% and 39.9% with increase in fertilization rates from 40kg to 80kg ha-1 compare to unfertilized plots. Protein and oil content showed a positive response with phosphorus application. Agronomic efficiency, recovery efficiency and utilization efficiency were also increased with phosphorus rates, whereas, partial factor productivity, agro-physiological efficiency and physiological efficiency had decreasing trends. ‘Gangapuri’ gave higher pod yield (1.80t ha-1), protein (24.27%) and oil (45.41%) content than other selected varieties. Enhanced phosphorus rate also increases nutrient uptake in groundnut.

Chemical pattern of vegetation and topsoil of rangeland fertilized over 21 years with phosphorus sources and limestone

The Pampa’s rangeland in South America is underused or replaced by annual crops or forest cultivation with higher economic returns. Our goal was to test the long term effects of phosphorus fertilizer and limestone applications on P availability, aluminum neutralization in deep soil layer and rangeland productivity. For this, three rates of three phosphorus sources combined with limestone were applied in a 21 year field trial. The dry matter (between 2016 and 2019) and nutrient accumulation in plant shoot were measured. The topsoil was divided in four layers (0–2.5, 2.5–5.0, 5.0–7.5, and 7.5–10.0 cm), and chemical properties were determined. Rock phosphate application at rate 249 kg ha−1 of P increased the soil P content along the soil profile down to 7.5 cm. After 21 years of liming, the neutralizing front reached depths greater than 10 cm and the reacidification was not significant. In these conditions, the contents of exchangeable Ca, Mg and Al and pH are greater than, and Al saturation is lower than without limestone. The effect of fertilization and limestone amendments are however limited in time and there was no response of rangeland dry matter production after more than four years after the last fertilization.

PENGARUH PENGAPURAN DAN PEMUPUKAN FOSFOR PADA TANAH YANG SERING TERGENANG TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL KACANG TANAH (Arachis hypogaea L.)

The purpose of this study were: (1) To determine the effect of dolomite lime and phosphorus fertilization on soils that were often inundated on the growth and yield of peanuts, (2) to determine the interaction between these two factors on the growth and production of peanuts in soils that were often inundated. The experimental design used in this study was "Randomized Block Design", with 3 (three) replications and 2 (two) factors studied, namely the effect of dolomite (Liming) (K) lime with 4 (four) levels, namely; K0 = 0 gr / polybag, K1 = 2 gr / polybag, K2 = 4 gr / polybag, and K3 = 6 gr / polybag. While Phosphorus (Sp-36) (P) fertilization with 3 (three) levels, namely; P0 = 0 gr / polybag, P1 = 2.5 gr / polybag, P2 = 5 gr / polybag. The variables observed to show the effect of dolomite lime and Sp-36 fertilization were: (1) Plant height: measured at the age of 21, 42, 63 days after planting (DAS). (2) A number of branches per clump (cm). (3) The number of flowers per family. (4) The yield of pods per polybag (gram). And (5) the number of pods per (fruit). The results of the research on the effect of dolomite liming treatment on the growth and yield of groundnut showed that: (1) had a very significant effect (level of 1%) on plant height at 21, 42 and 63 DAS, (2) had no significant effect on the number of branches per clump, (2) 3) It had a significant effect (level of 5%) on the number of flowers per clump, (4) had a very significant effect (level of 1%) on the yield of pods per polybag, and (5) had a very significant effect (level of 1%) on the number of pods per hill. While the effect of phosphorus fertilization treatment on the growth and yield of peanuts showed that: (1) had a very significant effect (level of 1%) on plant height at 21 and 42 DAS, (2) had no significant effect on the number of branches per clump, (3) very real (level 1%) on the number of flowers per clump, (4) had a very significant effect (level 1%) on the yield of pods per polybag, and (5) had a significant effect (level 5%) on the number of pods per hill. The interaction between dolomite liming and phosphorus fertilization on the growth and yield of peanuts in all the variables studied (plant height, number of branches per clump, number of flowers per clump, a yield of pods per polybag and number of pods per hill), showed a very significant effect (level 1%).Keywords: Dolomite lime, phosphorus fertilization, soil, peanuts.

Effects of phosphorus fertilizer on growth, yield and quality of coconut at early reproductive stage under saline intrusion condition in Mekong Delta

Coconut palm (Cocos nucifera L.) is one of the most important oil crops in the tropics. The tree is able to grow well under saline intrusion condition. However, in the case of high level of salinity for a long period, the coconut tree is severely affected, resulting in poor growth and yield. Therefore, providing balance and sufficient nutrients would help plants tolerate better to unsuitable environment including salinity. Among plant macronutrients, phosphorus is considered to help coconut tree have more roots and leaves, stimulating flowers formation and fruit setting which lead to improve yields. The aim of this work was to determine effects of the amount of phosphorus fertilizer and the frequency of application on growth, yield and quality of coconut tree at early reproductive stage under saline intrusion condition. Two two-factor experiments were conducted in Binh Dai district, Ben Tre province and Tan Phu Dong district, Tien Giang province where the highest salinity in the dry season reached 13.8‰ and 6.3‰, respectively. The treatments of experiments were arranged in split-plot design (SPD) with three replications. The main plot factor was the frequency of phosphorus fertilizer application (2 and 4 times per year) and the sub-plot factor was the amount of phosphorus fertilizer (30, 45, 60 and 75 kg P2O5/ha/year). The results showed that coconut trees grew best with the treatment of four applications of 60 kg P2O5/ha/year, corresponding to 0.3 kg P2O5/tree/year. The trees in this treatment had more leaves, fruit setting, nut number per tree and higher yield than other treatments under saline intrusion condition.

Phosphorus Fertilizers From Sewage Sludge Ash and Animal Blood Have No Effect on Earthworms

Soil invertebrates are crucial for agroecosystem functioning yet sensitive to agricultural practices, including fertilization. Considering the postulates of circular phosphorus economy, the use of fertilizers from secondary raw materials is likely to return and increase and may even become obligatory. The effects of recycled fertilizers on soil fauna communities, however, remain poorly understood. In this paper, the effect of phosphorus fertilizer (RecF) and biofertilizer (RecB) from sewage sludge ash and dried animal (porcine) blood on earthworm’s occurrence in soil is discussed. RecB is RecF activated by phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria, Bacillus megaterium. Waste-based fertilizers were assessed in field experiments against commercial superphosphate and no P fertilization. Three levels of P doses were established (17.6, 26.4, and 35.2 kg P ha−1). Earthworms were collected after the test crop harvest (spring or winter wheat). In the experiments two earthworm species, Aporrectodea caliginosa and Aporrectodea rosea, were identified. A large proportion of juvenile individuals were recorded in 2017. The recycled fertilizers used in the experiments used in recommended doses, similarly to superphosphate, did not alter the density, biomass, species composition, and structure of earthworms. Further long-term field research is recommended.

The effect of phosphorus fertilizer on growth characteristics and dry matter production of Styloshantes guianensis

The aim of this research was to determine the effect of the level of phosphorus fertilizer on the growth and dry matter production Stylosanthes guianensis. This research aimed to know the effect of phosphorus fertilizer application on growth and dry matter production of stylo (Stylosanthes guianensis). This research is based on a completely randomized design with four treatments and four replicates to obtain 16 experimental units. The treatments of this research are P0 (control), P1 (0.75 g TSP/polybag), P2 (1.5 g TSP/polybag), P3 (2.25 g TSP/polybag). The parameters were plant height, number of leaf branches, number of branches plant, dry matter production, and the number of nodules. The results showed that the treatments have not significantly affected (P>0.05) plant height, number of stems, number of branches, and dry matter production, but it had a highly significant effect (P<0.01) on the number of nodules. However, P3 treatment was better to use than the other treatments.

Using Double Function Solubility Diagram to Study the Effect of Phosphorus Fertilizer on the Availability of Phosphorus in Different Soil Orders.

A pot experiment was carried out during autumn growing season of 2016-2017 at the Gerdarasha field of College of Agriculture Engineering Sciences, to study the effect of three dominant soil orders (Mollisols (M), Vertisols (V) and Aridisols (A)), five levels of applied phosphorus fertilizer (0, 80, 160, 240 and 320 kg TSP ha-1) and combination between them on the availability of phosphorus (P) using solubility diagram at booting stage and wheat yield. The factorial experiment was depended using a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replicates. The results indicated that the soil orders were affected the phosphorus status.&nbsp;It appears that the soil order studied was plotted between di calcium phosphate DCP and octa calcium phosphate &nbsp;OCP. The phosphorus availability of the studied soil orders can followed the following series Mollisols (M) &gt; Vertisols (V) &gt; Aridisols (A). The application of phosphorus caused an increase in phosphorus availability or caused shifting the treatments towards the more soluble forms of phosphorus Di calcium phosphate di hydrate ( DCPD). The combination of soil orders and levels of applied phosphorus also influenced on phosphorus status. The application of 320 kg.ha-1 of triple superphosphate to the Mollisols soil increased the phosphorus status toward the &nbsp;plotted between DCP and DCPD which were the most soluble forms of phosphorus in the phosphorus solubility diagram, which recorded the highest wheat yield (3.66) Mg ha-1 in combination treatment (Mollisols-TSP320). While the lowest grain yield (2.06) Mg ha-1 was obtain from (Aridisol-TSP0) since this combination treatment was plotted between TCP and OCP or non-soluble and low soluble P-compounds. &nbsp; &nbsp

Differential Effects of Phosphorus Fertilization on Plant Uptake and Rhizosphere Microbiome of Cultivated and Non-cultivated Potatoes.

There is evidence that shows that phosphorus (P) fertilization has a moderate effect on the rhizosphere microbial composition of cultivated crops. But how this effect is manifested on wild species of the same crop is not clear. This study compares the impact of phosphorus fertilization with rhizosphere bacterial community composition and its predicted functions, related to P-cycling genes, in both cultivated and non-cultivated potato (Solanum sp.) plants. It was found that the biomass of non-cultivated potatoes was more responsive to P fertilization as compared with cultivated plants. Differences in general bacterial community composition patterns under increasing P amendments were subtle for both potato groups. However, potato genotype significantly influenced community composition with several bacterial families being more abundant in the cultivated plants. In addition, the predicted phosphatases had lower abundances in modern cultivars compared with non-cultivated potatoes. In summary, despite higher accumulation of differentially abundant bacteria in the rhizosphere of cultivated plants, the responsiveness of these plants to increase P levels was lower than in non-cultivated plants.

The Effect of Different Phosphorus Doses on the Growth of Pepper Seedling (Capsicum annuum L.)

Phosphorus (P) is part of the nucleic acid structure of plants which is responsible for the regulation of protein synthesis. Phosphorus plays a major role in the growth of new tissue and division of cells. Plants perform complex energy transmissions, a function that requires phosphorus. If the value of phosphorus in your land is low, this can be stressed enough. One of the benefits of phosphorus in plants is proper development of the roots and hastening of maturity. Phosphorus is an effective element in root development. The aim of this study is to determine the effects of phosphorus fertilizer on seedling development in seedling production. Amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium as fertilizer applications in seedling cultivation affect seedling quality. Effects of different doses phosphorus (0, 50, 100 and 150 ppm) application on the quality of cucumber seedlings were investigated at in the study. Istek F1 pepper cultivar was used. Macro nutrients were 100 ppm N, 100 ppm K, and the appropriate nutrients were given in the appropriate amount. Phosphorus applications on plant seedlings were effective on the development of vegetative parts of the plant at a statistically significant 1% level. At the end of a 35-day development period, seedling length was measured as 6.56 cm in the control application and 10.7 and 10.4 cm in the 100 and 150 ppm application of phosphorus doses, respectively. Hypocotyl length was 1.58 cm in control application, 1.66 in 50 ppm, 2.02 cm in 100 ppm P and 1.56 cm in 150 ppm application. Leaf number, stem diameter, root height, root weight and leaf wiegt were determined in the study. Phosphorus applications increased the amount of leaf weight and root weight. It was determined that 50 ppm P application was insufficient, ideal results were obtained in between 100 and 150 ppm P application. The ideal seedling for sale is neither too short nor too long. Medium size and good root development is the desired feature in seedlings.

Effects of Phosphorus Fertilizer on Plant Growth, Fruit Yield and Proximate Composition of Hot Pepper (Capsicum annuum, Rodo Variety)

Phosphorus deficiency is widespread in the soils in Nigeria which makes phosphorus fertilizer application at appropriate rates a component of the improved technologies needed for hot pepper (Capsicum annuum L) production. Atarodo (rodo) variety of hot pepper is cultivated in all agro-ecological zones and gives low fruit yields of variable quality which should be maximized with phosphorus fertilizer use but the information on the requirements is limited. The growth and fruit yield responses of rodo to phosphorus fertilizer were evaluated in 2013 and 2014 at Ado-Ekiti, southwest Nigeria in order to determine the optimum rates. The phosphorus fertilizer was applied at 0, 20, 40 and 60 kg P2O5 ha-1 in four replicates arranged in randomized complete block design. Data were collected on growth parameters from 2 weeks after fertilizer treatment and at 2-week intervals, number and weight of ripe fruits, fruit parameters and proximate composition, vitamin C and mineral contents. The growth parameters increased with age; plant height, number of leaves, leaf area and dry matter yield of plant portions showed linear increase up to the 60 kg P2O5 ha-1 rate. The 60 kg P2O5 ha-1 rate gave the highest fruit and seed yields in both years but the agronomic efficiency was maximized at 60 and 20 kg P2O5 ha-1 in 2013 and 2014 respectively. The fruit proximate composition, minerals and vitamin C contents increased to the highest values at 60 kg P205 ha-1. The linear responses to 60 kg P2O5 ha-1 in soils containing low available P suggest that higher rates and soils with variable P contents should be the focus to attain the optimum rates.