Effect Of Phosphorus Fertilization Research Articles

Integrative Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analysis Reveals Quinoa Leaf Response Mechanisms to Different Phosphorus Concentrations During Filling Stage

Quinoa is an annual self-pollinating plant rich in polyphenols, flavonoids, saponins, and amino acids; its protein balance closely aligns with the ideal recommendation set by the Food and Agriculture Organization. Therefore, quinoa is considered the most suitable “all-nutrient food”. Phosphorus fertilization plays an important role in restricting the growth and development of quinoa; however, the effects of phosphorus fertilizer on quinoa growth remain unclear. Therefore, we conducted metabolome and transcriptome analyses on quinoa leaves during the filling stage, subjecting plants to different doses of phosphorus fertilizer. Overall, phosphorus treatment exerted a significant impact on the phenotypic characteristics of quinoa. Specifically, through a combined analysis of ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry and transcriptome analysis, we identified the alteration and regulation of specific metabolites and genes within flavonoid biosynthesis pathways; this comprehensive evaluation helped elucidate the response mechanism of quinoa leaves during the grouting stage under various phosphorus conditions. Ultimately, the results of this study provide a reference for the selection of quinoa cultivars that exhibit tolerance to low- or high-phosphorus stress; additionally, we offer a theoretical basis for the rational application of phosphorus fertilizer and the enhancement of phosphorus utilization efficiency.

Influence of Varied Phosphorus Fertilizer Ratios on the Rhizosphere Soil Microbial Community in Idesia polycarpa Seedlings

Phosphorus (P) is crucial for tree growth and development, and it significantly influences the rhizosphere microbial community. However, the effects of phosphorus addition on the microbial communities in the rhizosphere soil of Idesia polycarpa remain understudied. In this study, two-year-old “Yuji” Idesia polycarpa seedlings were used to investigate the effects of phosphorus fertilization at four different levels of 0 g (control, CK), 0.92 g (low phosphorus, LP), 1.83 g (medium phosphorus, MP), and 2.75 g (high phosphorus, HP) per plant. The fertilizers were applied every 40 days over 120 days. MiSeq high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA and ITS1 genes was employed to analyze the microbial community composition and diversity of bacteria and fungi in the rhizosphere soil under different phosphorus levels. The results showed that compared with CK treatment, the application of phosphorus fertilizer changed the physicochemical properties of the soil. The LP treatment significantly increased the soil pH, while the HP treatment group exhibited the highest soil-available phosphorus (AP) content. LP treatment significantly increased the number of microbial OTUs in the early and rapid growth stages and the richness and diversity of microbial communities. In addition, the bacterial community structure was significantly correlated with soil pH and AP, while the fungal community had no significant effect. The primary metabolic pathway function of bacteria in the rhizosphere soil of Idesia polycarpa seedlings is mainly metabolism, while fungi are mainly biosynthesis. Compared with CK treatment, 20 differential metabolic pathways were screened out in the bacterial community. Only two differential metabolic pathways were screened out in the fungal community by LP treatment at 120 days. In summary, applying low-level phosphate fertilizer is conducive to promoting the diversity of rhizosphere soil microorganisms. Therefore, potted planting of Idesia polycarpa seedlings is more suitable for applying low phosphorus levels.

Effects of Phosphorus Fertilizer, Poultry Manure Applications with Bacillus megaterium M-3 Inoculation on Yield and Yield Components of Common Vetch (Vicia sativa)

Phosphorus is considered one of the essential elements for legumes as it increases nitrogen fixation due to nodulation. Hence, for high productivity in legumes, it should be added as inorganic or organic fertilizer to soils containing insufficient phosphorus. Especially in recent years, using inorganic and organic fertilizers together has gained importance in terms of sustainable agriculture, considering plant growth and soil and environmental health together. The effects of three different doses of phosphorus fertilizer (0, 50, 100 kg P2O5 ha-1), and two different doses of poultry manure (0, 3 t ha-1) applications with two different doses (B0 or B1) of phosphorus solubilizing bacteria (Bacillus megaterium M-3) inoculation on hay yield and yield components of common vetch were examined in this study. In fact, while the highest hay yield and crude protein rate were obtained by bacterial inoculation together with phosphorus fertilizer application, the effect of poultry manure application on yield and yield parameters was variable. Instead, the applications had no significant effect on the number of main branches, ADF and NDF rates. Consequently, the application of 100 kg P2O5 ha-1 together with Bacillus megaterium inoculation can be recommended for high hay yield in common vetch under irrigated conditions in areas with poor or medium soils in terms of phosphorus.

Phenological stages of wheat modulate effects of phosphorus fertilization in plant-soil microbial interactions

Abstract Aims Future phosphorus (P) fertilizer availability faces challenges due to limited phosphate rock mines and strict quality regulations regarding Cd contents in phosphate rock. In this study, conventional fertilization was partially substituted with meat bone meal (MBM), sludge (S), and the organo-mineral combination of S plus MBM (SMBM), in a wheat agroecosystem. Methods We investigated the impact of fertilization treatments and crop phenological stages on P availability, crop yield, and soil microbial responses. Analysis included enzyme activities, microbial biomass, and the composition of bacterial and fungal communities using metabarcoding. Additionally, we estimated functional genes related to the P cycle through qPCR. Crop yield and nutrient content in plants and soil were also determined. Results Replacing traditional fertilization with MBM and SMBM maintained crop yield at levels equivalent to conventional fertilization. S and SMBM produced 70% and 40% (respectively) more bioavailable P compared to conventional treatment (Trad). Significant differences between treatments in soil microbial biomass were observed in the flag leaf stage. S increased in 20% total soil microbial biomass compared to Trad. Crop phenology had a stronger impact on bacterial and fungal communities than fertilization treatments. The use of S enhanced microbial biomass and activity. Yield in both MBM and SMBM plots exhibited no statistically significant differences compared to traditional fertilization. Conclusion Organo-mineral fertilization emerges as a sustainable strategy for maintaining crop production while improving soil functionality. Our findings emphasize the primary influence of crop phenology on shaping soil microbial communities and influencing microbial biomass and functionality.

Effects of the integrated use of organic and inorganic phosphorus sources in micro-doses on the yield and profitability of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) Cultivation

An experiment was conducted in the field to evaluate the effect of phosphorus fertilization in microdose using organic and mineral fertilizers on the yield and profitability of cowpea cultivation. To achieve this, a balanced application of NPK and granular compost was provided to supply the same amount of phosphorus to the cowpea. Three treatments were compared in a split-plot design with three replications, where the treatments were in large plots and the cowpea varieties, numbering four (4), were in small plots. The three treatments are as follows: (i) T0 control treatment without fertilizer application, (ii) T1 application of two grams of NPK per hole, and (iii) T2 application of 9.375 grams of granular compost per hole. The results show a significant difference in yield parameters between treatments (pod yield, grain yield, and straw yield). The mean comparison test revealed that the control treatment and NPK are quite similar for these parameters. Thus, with compost, an increase of 69.17% in grain yield, 55.47% in pod yield, and 41.67% in straw yield was noted compared to the control. The VCR (value-cost ratio) and gross income were significantly improved by compost. The application of organic or mineral fertilizers for cowpea cultivation is profitable due to relatively high VCRs: 3.34 for NPK and 6.79 for compost. Therefore, the use of compost for cowpea cultivation proves to be economically more profitable, as it yields higher returns.

Effect of Phosphorus Fertilization and PSB Inoculation on Growth Attributes and Root Nodulation of Chickpea

Effect of Phosphorus Fertilization and PSB Inoculation on Growth Attributes and Root Nodulation of Chickpea

Effects of phosphorus fertilizer on kenaf growth physiology and copper absorption in copper-contaminated soil

Effects of phosphorus fertilizer on kenaf growth physiology and copper absorption in copper-contaminated soil

Varieties and phosphorus fertilization effects on productivity and profitability of direct-seeded upland rice (Oryza sativa) in Eastern India

A field experiment was conducted during rainy (kharif) season of 2016 at Hazaribag, Jharkhand to study the effect of varieties and phosphorus (P) applications on grain yield and economics of direct-seeded upland rice (Oryza sativa L.). The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications, keeping 3 rice varieties, viz. ‘Vandana’, ‘Anjali’ and ‘CR Dhan 40’, in the main plots and 7 different P rates. viz., 0 kg/ha, phosphorus solubilizing bacteria (PSB) + arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), 13.2 kg P/ha through single super phosphate (SSP), 13.2 kg P/ha through SSP + PSB + AMF, 26.4 kg P/ha through SSP, 26.4 kg P/ha through SSP + PSB + AMF and 39.6 kg P/ha through SSP in the sub-plots. The results revealed that yield attributes, viz. effective tillers/m2 (312), filled grains/panicle (130), panicle weight (27.9 g), 1,000-grain weight (22.5 g), and grain (3.91 t/ha) and straw yields (6.17 t/ha) were higher in ‘CR Dhan 40’ compared to ‘Anjali’ (259, 115, 2.04 g, 20.4 g, 3.33 t/ha and 5.64 t/ ha respectively) and ‘Vandana’ (252, 108, 1.78 g, 19.9 g, 3.12 t/ha and 5.53 t/ha respectively). Similarly, application of 39.6 kg P/ha through SSP recorded the highest values for yield attributes, grain (4.25 t/ha) and straw yields (6.79 t/ha), and was at par with 26.4 kg P/ha through SSP + PSB + AMF. Net returns and B:C ratio were also recorded the highest in ‘CR Dhan 40’ with 39.6 kg P/ha through SSP, which was at par with 26.4 kg P/ha through SSP + PSB + AMF. Thus, integrated application of 26.4 kg P/ha through SSP along with PSB and AMF in ‘CR Dhan 40’ can enhance grain yield and net returns of direct-seeded upland rice in Jharkhand.

Unveiling the Synergistic Effects of Phosphorus Fertilization and Organic Amendments on Red Pepper Growth, Productivity and Physio-Biochemical Response under Saline Water Irrigation and Climate-Arid Stresses.

In regions facing water scarcity and soil salinity, mitigating these abiotic stresses is paramount for sustaining crop production. This study aimed to unravel the synergistic effects of organic matter and phosphorus management in reducing the adverse effect of saline water for irrigation on red pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) production, fruit quality, plant physiology, and stress tolerance indicators. The study was carried out in the arid Tadla region of Morocco and involved two key experiments: (i) a field experiment during the 2019 growing season, where red pepper plants were subjected to varying phosphorus fertilizer rates (120, 140, and 170 kg of P2O5.ha-1) and saline water irrigation levels (0.7; 1.5; 3; and 5 dS.m-1); and (ii) a controlled pot experiment in 2021 for examining the interaction of saline water irrigation levels (EC values of 0.7, 2, 5, and 9 dS.m-1), phosphorus rates (30, 36, and 42 kg of P2O5.ha-1), and the amount of organic matter (4, 8, 12, and 16 t.ha-1). The field study highlighted that saline irrigation significantly affected red pepper yields and fruit size, although phosphorus fertilization helped enhance productivity. Additionally, biochemical markers of stress tolerance, such as proline and glycine betaine, along with stomatal conductance, were impacted by increasing salinity levels. The pot experiment showed that combining organic amendments and phosphorus improved soil properties and stimulated red pepper growth and root weight across all salinity levels. The integration of phosphorus fertilization and organic amendments proved instrumental for counteracting salinity-induced constraints on red pepper growth and yield. Nonetheless, caution is necessary as high salinity can still negatively impact red pepper productivity, necessitating the establishment of an irrigation water salinity threshold, set at 5 dS.m-1.

Effects and regulation Mechanisms of Phosphorus Fertilizer on Soil Carbon Cycle

This paper reviews the effects and regulation mechanisms of phosphorus fertilizer on soil carbon cycle, which is an important process for soil fertility, productivity, and climate change and introduces the background, significance, main pathways, mechanisms, influencing factors, research progress and challenges. The paper shows that phosphorus fertilizer can affect soil carbon cycle through various pathways, such as affecting plant productivity and carbon allocation, soil organic matter decomposition and mineralization, soil microbial community and function, and soil aggregate formation and stability. The paper also shows that the effects of phosphorus fertilizer on soil carbon cycle are influenced by many factors, such as the type, amount, application method and time of phosphorus fertilizer, and the soil type, climate condition, vegetation type and management measures. The paper concludes that the effects of phosphorus fertilizer on soil carbon cycle are both positive and negative, direct and indirect, short-term and long-term, local and global, forming a complex impact network. The paper suggests that more research is needed to clarify the mechanisms, interactions and feedbacks of the effects of phosphorus fertilizer on soil carbon cycle, and to develop effective models and indicators to evaluate and predict the effects of phosphorus fertilizer on soil carbon cycle. The paper also suggests that rational application of phosphorus fertilizer and scientific management of soil carbon cycle are important for improving crop phosphorus use efficiency, reducing excessive application of phosphorus fertilizer, protecting water resources and soil quality, and mitigating climate change.

Effects of Phosphorus Fertilization on Growth, Yield and Economic Efficiency of Cotton (Gossypium hirustum L.) under Northeast climate of Afghanistan

A Cotton experiment was laid out at the agronomic research farm of agriculture faculty of Kunduz University in spring season of 2023 to investigate effects of phosphorus fertilization of growth and yield parameters of cotton crop (Gossypium hirustum L.) under Northeast climate of Afghanistan. The experiment conducted in Randomized complete block design with 3 replications. The treatment consists: control without phosphorus fertilizer application, application of 30, 60 and 90 kg P2O5/ha. Result showed that the highest plant height (98.44 cm), Leave area index (2.78), Sympodial Branches/plant (12.88), Bolls/plant (27.66), cotton lint yield (1750 kg/ha), cotton seed yield (3979 kg/ha), cotton lint yield (182742 AFN/ha), cotton seed yield (77964 AFN/ha), gross return (260707 AFN/ha), net return (209867 AFN/ha) and benefit Cost of ratio (6) were recorded from treatment with 90 kg p2o5/ha following with application 60, 30 and Control treatments respectively. It can be possible to conclude that proper phosphorus fertilization is crucial for optimizing cotton production in this region. The study highlights the potential for improved cotton cultivation practices and increased economic returns for farmers in the Kunduz province of Afghanistan through the implementation of optimal P fertilizer application rates.

Microbial activity of dark-chestnut soil in winter wheat crops depending on fertiliser application

Preventing soil degradation is an important task of modern agrarian science. Preservation and increase in beneficial soil microflora are a precondition for satisfactory ecological functioning of soil and its fertility. The purpose of this study was to investigate the dynamics of beneficial soil microflora in winter wheat crops under the impact of mineral fertilisers and Agrobacterium radiobacter on the lands of the south of Ukraine. The study was conducted in threefold replication in the conditions of the Kherson region in 2016- 2020 in the experimental fields of the Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine. The study used a systematic design, and the following factors were investigated: no fertiliser and Agrobacterium radiobacter; N120P90; N90P60 + Agrobacterium radiobacter; N120P90 + Agrobacterium radiobacter. The study on the microflora composition in the soil layer at 0-30 cm was carried out in the main stages of winter wheat growth and development through the inoculation of nutritious environment. Statistical analysis was performed using the methods of analysis of variance, correlation, and regression analysis. Dynamic changes in the soil biota composition under the influence of the studied factor were established. The slightest response to mineral fertilisers and bacterial preparation application was in ammonifying bacteria, while the strongest response was in cellulosedegrading microorganisms. The winter wheat harvesting revealed a decrease in the number of ammonifying bacteria in the soil, while the number of nitrifying and cellulose-degrading microflora increased significantly. Regression models for the prediction of the number of nitrifying bacteria and cellulose-degrading microorganisms, developed based on experimental data, have great accuracy (the error is 3.78% and 7.79%), and allow determining the adverse effect of phosphorus fertiliser on the microflora of dark-chestnut soil. The study has no analogues in Ukraine and expands theoretical knowledge about the influence of mineral fertilisers and bacterial preparation, containing Agrobacterium radiobacter, on the composition of beneficial microflora of the dark-chestnut soil

Effect of phosphorusfertilization and humic acid on the growth, yield and nutritional status of pea plants grown in sandy soil

Two field experiments were carried out in consecutive winter season of 2022 and 2023 at the Research and Production Station of the National Research Centre at the Nubaria site in Beheira Governorate, Egypt, to determine the response of pea (Pisum sativumL.) to foliar application of humic acid and phosphorus fertilization on growth, yield parametres and nutrients content of pea plant. Phosphate fertilization rates (0, 36, 72 and 108 P2O5 kg ha-1) were used as the main factor, while humic acid concentrations (0, 1000 and 2000 mg l-1) were used as a second factor.The results showed significant growth and yield responses to phosphate fertilizer application and humic acid spraying. Increasing the application rate of humic acid at various concentrations and at the same time increasing the application rate of phosphorus fertilizer affected the growth and yield of pea in two consecutive growing seasons. The experimental treatment(humic acid at 2000 mgl-1+ 108 Kg P2O5ha-1of phosphorus fertilizer) was given the highest values for the pea growth and yield coordinates. Increasing the concentration of humic acid spraying led to a raise in the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content of pea seeds.The research results summarize the importance of paying attention to phosphorus fertilization, and spraying plants with humic acid during plant growth can increase the effectiveness of phosphorus fertilization and its effect on pea plants growing on sandy soils.

Effects of phosphorus fertilizer and nano-magnesium spray on the vegetative and reproductive of Datura stramonium L.

In 2021, a field experiment was conducted at the College of Agriculture, University of Kerbala, Kerbala, Iraq, to study the effect of phosphate fertilization1 and nano-magnesium spraying on Datura plants' vegetative and reproductive traits. The experiment was conducted with three replications according to randomized complete block design (RCBD) with two factors. The first factor included four levels of Phosphorus fertilizer: 0, 25, 50, and 75 kg P h-1. The second factor included spraying of nano-magnesium in four concentrations: 0 (distilled water only) and 60, 120, and 180 mg Mg L-1. The results showed that phosphorous caused a significant increase in the studied traits, as the treatment 50 kg P ha-1 gave the highest mean plant height, number of branches, number of leaves, leaf area, leaf yield, seed yield, alkaloids percentage in leaves and seeds, number of fruits and number of seeds, which amounted to 4953 cm and 27.62 plant-1, 124.49 leaves Plant-1, 1989.12 cm2, 501.36 kg ha-1, 501.49 kg ha-1, 13.16%, 13.18%, 26.02 fruit plant-1 and 228.14 seed plant-1, respectively. The treatment 180 kg Mg h-1 gave the highest average plant height, number of branches, number of leaves, leaf area, yield of leaves, yield of seeds, percentage of alkaloids in leaves and seeds, number of fruits and number of seeds reaching 58.27 cm And 21.90 branches Plant-1, 122.94 leaves Plant-1, 1996.62 cm2, 886.59 kg h-1, 486.17 kg h-1, 14.86%, 15.10%, 26.56 fruits plant-1, 24.63 seeds plant-1. Adding phosphorous and spraying nano-magnesium improves the vegetative and reproductive traits of the Datura plant. Keywords. Fertilization; Nano–Nutrients; Medicinal Plant; Yield; alkaloids.

Effect of phosphorus fertilization on nodulation, growth, yield and quality of soybean varieties

Phosphorus is a very important nutritional element that affects soybean growth and nodule nitrogen fixation. The objective of the study was to assess the effect of phosphorus on the growth, yield and quality of different soybean varieties. In this regard, five different doses of phosphorus viz., control (no phosphorus), 50% of the recommended dose (RD) (18 kg ha-1), 100% of RD (36 kg ha-1), 150% of RD (54 kg ha-1) and 200% of RD (72 kg ha-1) were applied on eight distinct soybean varieties namely Shohag, BARI Soybean-5, BARI Soybean-6, PB-1, Binasoybean-1, Binasoybean-2, Binasoybean-3 and Binasoybean-4. The experiment was set up using a randomized complete block design with three replications, Soybean varieties showed variability in terms of plant stature, number of branches plant-1 and number of nodules plant-1. Application of 100% of RD of phosphorus gave maximum plant height, number of branches plant-1 and nodules plant-1 at 45, 60 and 75 DATs. In the case of variety, Binasoybean-1 showed the maximum number of pods plant-1, 100-seed weight, and seed yield. Application of 100% RD of phosphorus exhibited maximum number of branches plant-1, pod length, pods plant-1, seeds pod-1, seed yield, protein and oil contents. Considering the interaction effect, Binasoybean-1 responded well to the application of 100% of RD of phosphorus and gave the maximum seed yield with the highest protein content. Finally, it may be concluded that Binasoybean-1 with the application of 100% RD of phosphorus would be recommended to get desirable yield and quality of soybean.

The effect of phosphorus fertilizer under the influence of iron and zinc treatments on nutrient content and lettuce yield

Interaction between phosphorus (P), zinc (Zn), and iron (Fe) alters plant nutrient concentrations and nutritional quality. In this regard, there are a limited number of studies on P and micronutrient relations in lettuce plants. In this study, the effects of Zn and Fe applications on plant growth, concentrations, and contents of P, Zn, Fe, copper (Cu), and manganese (Mn) were determined in lettuce plants grown under increasing P rates. Lettuce plants grown under increasing P rates (0, 100, 200, and 400 mg kg−1 P) were treated with either sole or combined applications of 20 mg kg−1 Zn and 30 mg kg−1 Fe. Fresh and dry weights, P concentrations, and contents of lettuce were increased by P fertilization. With Zn and Fe applications, lettuce Fe contents were increased by medium P rates. Plant Zn contents were increased by P fertilization when the plant supplied Zn alone. Besides the highest P rate, Zn and Fe increased plant Zn content through P fertilization. Under no micronutrient condition, Cu concentration revealed insignificant changes, but its content was significantly increased by P application. Plant Mn concentration only increased by low P when the plant supplied Zn however Mn contents of lettuce were increased by P fertilization. In conclusion, even high P doses had no significant impact on Fe, Zn, Cu, and Mn concentrations in lettuce plants. Plant Zn concentrations increased when Zn was applied with Fe. Likewise, Cu increased but manganese declined. This emphasizes the importance of simultaneous Zn and Fe fertilizer application, especially in Zn biofortification research.

The Effect of Phosphorus Fertilization on Transcriptome Expression Profile during Lentil Pod and Seed Development

Seed coat hardness and water permeability, which are determined by the accumulation of tannins through the phenylpropanoid pathway in the seed, are important lentil quality characteristics. The impact of seeds’ developmental stage and phosphorus (P) fertilization levels on tannin accumulation is still under research. Through RNA sequencing, this study explored the effect of three P treatments (P0, 6 mg kg−1; P1, 15 mg kg−1; and P2, 21 mg kg−1) and three seed maturity stages (S1, immature 2 mm seed in a flat pod; S2, fully developed seed within the pod; and S3, mature seed at the beginning of the pod’s discoloration) on lentil gene expression. The key findings highlighted a significant influence of the seed maturity stage on phenylpropanoid genes, with S1 displaying the highest expression levels, and on phosphorus-related Gene Ontology (GO) terms that presented the highest number of downregulated genes in the S3 to S1 comparison. P exhibited a targeted effect on the flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H) and flavonol synthase (FLS) genes and specific gene clusters, as shown by the differential gene expression analysis. This study investigates the molecular mechanisms related to phosphorus fertilization and seed maturity stages that influence tannin accumulation, offering valuable information for the enhancement of lentil product quality through breeding programs.

Effect of phosphorus fertilization on phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity in Galanthus elwesii Hook.

Snowdrop is a genus of high medicinal value with alkaloids such as galantamine, and lycorine of the Amaryllidaceae family. The present study was conducted to have an effect on the effects of phosphorus (P) treatment on antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds in Galanthus elwesii Hook. The plants were exposed to different concentrations of P ( 0, 3, 6, and 12 kg da-1). The study was carried out in the 2018-2019 growing season. G. elwesii were harvested based on different growing stages (flowering and fruit ripening). In this study, the bulb and roots of the plant were used. Total flavonoid content (TFC), total phenolic content (TPC), phenolic compounds, and antioxidant activity were determined in harvested bulb and roots. The highest TPC was detected as 358.36 mg GAE/g in the flowering period of the plant, and the lowest TPC determined as 80.13 mg GAE/g in the fruit ripening period in the treatment P 6 kg da-1. The highest TFC was detected as 108.07 mg QE/g with the flowering period of the plant, and the lowest TFC was determined as 52.33 mg QE/g in the fruit ripening period in the treatment P 6 kg da-1. The main phenolic component of G. elwesii was determined to be gallic acid (GA). In antioxidant activity, while the highest 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity (72.30%) was in the flowering period in the treatment P 6 kg da-1, the highest ferrous ions chelating activity (66.77%) was detected in the fruit ripening period in the treatment P 6 kg da-1. As a result, it was determined that TPC, TFC and DPPH activity in G. elwesii of flowering period ˃fruit ripening period.

Soil Fertility and Yield of Finger Millet (Eleusine coracana L.) as Influenced by Phosphorus Management Practices in Sandy Loam Soils

Finger millet (Eleusine coracana L.) is an important small millet crop grown in India and has the pride of place in having highest productivity among millets. However, the productivity comes down in low available soil phosphorus areas where finger millet is grown. A field experiment was carried out at Agricultural Research Station, Perumalapalle, Tirupati, Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University, Andhra Pradesh, India during kharif, 2018 on sandy loam soil to study the effect of phosphorus fertilizer, PSB and VAM on soil fertility status and yield of finger millet. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with nine treatments consists of combination of phosphorus fertilizer, PSB and VAM and replicated thrice. Soil samples were collected at initial and after harvest and analyzed for physico-chemical, chemical properties and grain yield was recorded after harvest. The results revealed that application of PSB, VAM along with phosphorus fertilizer exerted significant effect on available N, P2O5, K2O, S and DTPA extractable micronutrients. Significantly the highest available N (150 kg ha-1), P2O5 (42.34 kg ha-1 ), K2O (227 kg ha-1 ), S (9.57 mg kg-1 ), DTPA extractable Manganese (38.67 mg kg-1) was registered with application of 100 % RDP + PSB @ 750 ml ha-1 + VAM @ 12.5 kg ha-1 (T6). Moreover, this treatment led to the highest recorded grain yield of finger millet, achieving 4328 kg ha-1. Physico-chemical properties (pH, EC and OC) was non significant with phosphorus management practices. In conclusion, the results underscore the positive impact of the combined application of PSB, VAM, and phosphorus fertilizer on both soil fertility parameters and finger millet yield. This research provides valuable insights for enhancing agricultural practices in regions characterized by sandy loam soils and low phosphorus availability, contributing to the sustainable productivity of finger millet crops in India.

Effect of Phosphorus Fertilizer and Seed Rates on Growth and Yield of Common Bean (Phaseolus Vulgaris L) in Kunduz, Afghanistan

A field experiment was conducted on the Effect of phosphorus fertilizer and seed rates on the growth and yield of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L) at the Farm of the agriculture faculty of Kunduz University during the spring season of 2023 to determine the optimum rates of phosphorus fertilizer and seed rates for maximum yield of common bean in the northeast of Afghanistan (Kunduz province). The treatment consists of three phosphorus levels (0kgP2O5ha-1, 40kgP2O5ha-1 and 80kgP2O5ha-1) and four combined seed rates (125 kgha-1, 150 kgha-1, 175 kgha-1 and 200 kg ha-1) laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The results revealed that phosphorus levels and different seed rates significantly affected on growth, yield attributes and yield of common bean on plant height, Leaf area/plant (cm2), Brunches/plant, Root dry weight/plant(g), Nodules/pant, No. of notes/plant, Pods/plant, Seeds/pod, 100 seed weight, seed yield/plant(g) and Grain Yield t/ha, the highest plant height (44.10cm), Leaf area/plant (217.18cm2), Brunches/plant(11.75), Root dry weight/plant (2.282g), Nodules/pant (12.16), Leaves/plant (47.833), No. of notes/plant (7.88), Pods/plant (16.98), Seeds/pod (6.97), 100 seed weight(34.536), seed yield/plant(8.83g) and Grain Yield (2.20t/ha) was in treatments 80kgP2O5ha-1 respectively. Seed rates were also significantly affected in treatment 200 kg ha-1 except for harvest index; all other yield attributes and yield was significant; the highest yield attributes and yield was in seed rate 200 kg ha-1. Thus 80kgP2O5ha-1with 200 kg ha-1 was found to be the best combination under northeast of Afghanistan agro-ecology as it gave higher values for yield and most yield related traits.