Effect Of Phosphorus Fertilization Research Articles

Effects of Phosphorus Fertilizer and Intra Row Spacing on the Growth and Yield of Grain Amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus)

Effects of Phosphorus Fertilizer and Intra Row Spacing on the Growth and Yield of Grain Amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus)

Tuberous root yield of Dahlia variabilis Wild (Desf.) under different agronomic management practices

The Dahlia variabilis Wild (Desf.) is considered the Mexican national flower and their exploitation is mainly for ornamental purposes. Recent studies have shown that the tuberous roots dry weight of this species contains from 38 to 53% of a polysaccharide of fructose called inulin. The consumption of this compound does not elevate the levels of glucose in the blood of human beings, making this polysaccharide an attractive product for the food industry. This fact has helped to diversify (1) the production of Dahlia variabilis and (2) research towards the production of their roots. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of phosphorus fertilization, planting density and leaf removal on dry matter production of roots of Dahlia variabilis. In spring-summer 2009, two experiments were established. In the first study, we evaluated four phosphorus levels (0, 60, 100 and 120 kg P2O5/ha) and four planting densities (2.5, 3.12, 4.16 and 6.25 plants/m2) under a factorial arrangement in a randomized complete block design with four replications. In the second study, the source-sink relationship was evaluated defoliating different plant strata. The treatments were: undefoliated (t1), defoliated the lower stratum (t2), the intermediate stratum defoliated (t3), defoliated the upper stratum (t4), defoliated the lower and middle strata (t5), defoliated the lower and upper strata (t6), defoliated the middle and upper strata (t7), and completely defoliated (t8). These treatments were distributed in a randomized complete block design with four replications. The results showed significant differences in the factors phosphorus and planting density. The highest production of root dry matter (345 g/m2) was achieved with 120 kg/ha of phosphorus and 6.25 plants/m2. Leaf removal revealed that the middle and lower strata (66%) satisfied the “sink” from the root.

Effects of Phosphorus Fertilizer on Accumulation of High Molecular Weight Glutenin Subunits and Glutenin Macropolymer Size Distribution in Wheat Grain

For gaining insights into the relationship between the accumulation of high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit(HMW-GS) and the distribution of glutenin macropolymer(GMP) in wheat(Triticum aestivum L.),Shannong 12,a cultivar with high glutenin,was used in a field experiment with four phosphorus(P) application levels(0,40,100,and 160 kg ha-) under low nitrogen(112.5 kg ha-1) and normal nitrogen(225 kg ha-1) conditions,respectively.The result showed that HMW-GS in grains formed before 14 d after anthesis,and its content at maturity was higher in P application treatments than in the treatment with no P fertilizer applied.Phosphorus was in favor of the accumulation of HMW-GS under the low nitrogen(N) condition,but caused a negative effect in high P levels under the normal N condition.The content of GMP particle in 10 μm in diameter was significantly reduced with increasing P application.The effect increased with increasing P level under the low N condition,but showed the largest reduction at P level of 100 kg ha-1 and the smallest reduction at P level of 40 kg ha-1.For GMP particle in 10–100 μm and 100 μm groups,their contents tended to increase with more P applied under both N conditions.Under the normal N condition,there was no significant effect of P level on the number distribution of GMP particle.At maturity,the content of HMW-GS was negatively correlated with the volume of GMP particle in 10 μm group,but positively correlated with that in 10–100 μm group.The result suggested that larger GMP particles have higher HMW-GS content than the smaller GMP particles.

Effect of Phosphorus Fertilizer on Nitrogen Fixation by Some Grain Legume Varieties in Sudano – Sahelian Zone of North Eastern Nigeria

Nitrogen fixation by grain legumes contributes N to tropical soils. But in Sudano – Sahelian region of North-eastern Nigeria, low phosphorus content of the soil may restrict rhizobia population and legumes root development, which in turn, can affect their N2 fixing potential. A two- years field experiment was conducted at the Department of Soil Science Teaching and Research Farm University of Maiduguri North-eastern Nigeria during 2005 and 2006 cropping sessions to evaluate the influence of phosphorus (P) on N2 fixation by groundnut ( Arachis hypogaea L. ), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. ) and bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranean L. ). The legume crops and a sorghum variety (Paul Biya) were applied 0, 20 and 40 Kg Pha-1 and grown for 50 days, after which they were harvested and the amount of N fixed was determined. P fertilization significantly increased the amount of N fixed by the crops. Application of 40 KgPha-1 increased N fixation in cowpea, groundnut and bambara groundnut by 378, 169 and 138% respectively, over the control. Cowpea differed significantly from groundnut and bambara groundnut in the amount of N fixed (P

Effect of phosphorus fertilizer and gibberellic acid on seed and oil yield of Cheiranthus cheiri

A stady on the effect of phosphorus fertilizer levels and Gibberellic acid (GA3) concentration, on seed and oil yield of Cheiranthus cheiri was conducted. Four levels of P 0.20, 30 or 50 g/ l and three concentrations of GA3 0.50 or 100 mg/ l were applied. Results showed that the highest level of P (50 g/ l) was significantly increased 1000 seeds weight, % of linolic acid and % of olic acid (1.71 g, 17.80%, 9.17%) respectively. While 30 g/ l of P elevated % of olic acid in leaves and seeds weight (4% and 5.74 g) respectively. Gibberellic acid at 100 mg/ l was superior in increasing 1000 seeds weight, % of lenolic acid, % of linolinic acid, % of olic acid and % of total fatty acids (10.07%, 18.49%, 9.33% , 37.92%) respectively. The interaction between P levels and GA3 concentrations was highly effective on % of oil studied.

Phosphorus fertilization with Cleyera japonica seedlings

Based on a pot experiment，the effects of phosphorus fertilization on growth and physiological indexes and phosphorus content in leaves of one-year-old Cleyera japonica seedlings were studied. Seven P（P2O5） levels were set，0（ck），0.125，0.250，0.375，0.500，0.625 and 0.750 gpot-1. Results showed that （1） with increasing levels of P from 0 to 0.500 gpot-1，growth and physiological indexes in C. japonica seedlings increased，whereas with P increases over 0.500 gpot-1，all indexes decreased. Also，（2） P in leaves increased with increasing levels of P from 0 to 0.500 gpot-1 but decreased gradually with further P. Finally，（3） quadric relationships between growth indexes and P were noted. Based on growth and physiological indexes for one-year-old C. japonica seedlings，proper application of P was from 0.441 to 0.603 gpot-1.［Ch，2 fig. 5 tab. 11 ref.］

Effects of phosphorus fertilizer and phosphorus solubilizing bacteria applications on clover dominant meadow: I. hay yıeld and botanıcal composition

This study was carried out at Ataturk University farm in Erzurum, Turkey over 4 years (2004-2007) to evaluate the effects of phosphorus fertilization and phosphorus solubilizing bacteria (Bacillus megaterium var. phosphaticum) applications on the dry matter production and botanical composition of a natural meadow. Phosphorous fertilizer (0, 11, 22, 33, 44 kg P ha -1 ) and phosphorus solubilizing bacteria (Bacillus megaterium var phosphaticum) were added to study plots. The present study investigated the effects of applying phosphorus and phosphorus solubilizing bacteria on the yield and botanical composition of a clover-dominated meadow in the Eastern Anatolia region of Turkey. Phosphorus fertilization significantly affected dry matter yield while phosphorus solubilizing bacteria did not show any effect on dry matter yield. While phosphorus fertilization did not affect the botanical composition of grasses, the composition of legumes and other families was affected. There was not any effect of bacteria application like in dry matter yield.

Effects of phosphorus fertilizer and phosphorus solubilizing bacteria applications on clover dominant meadow: II. Chemical composition.

This study was carried out at Ataturk University farm in Erzurum, Turkey over 4 years (2004-2007) to evaluate the effects of phosphorus fertilization and phosphorus solubilizing bacteria (Bacillus megaterium var. phosphaticum) applications on the chemical composition of forage from a natural meadow area. Study plots were treated with two bacteria levels (B0 and B1) and five levels of phosphorus fertilizer (0, 11, 22, 33 and 44 kg ha -1 ) with four replications. The results of the study indicate that increasing levels of P significantly increased to crude protein content. While phosphorus fertilizer decreased neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content, there were no notable effects on acid detergent fiber (ADF) and total digestible nutrient (TDN) content. The effects of bacteria application included an increase in crude protein content and total digestible nutrient content in forage was increased, and reduced ADF and NDF. Forage P and Ca contents were increased, but K and Mg contents decreased following phosphorus fertilization. While bacteria application increased K and Mg contents of forage, Ca content decreased. There was no notable change in P content of forage following the application of bacteria. The results indicate that P fertilizer and bacteria applications have positive effects on forage quality of meadows. Application of bacteria (alone or combined with P) or 11-22 kg ha 1 application of P may increase the forage quality of meadows.

A COMPARATIVE STUDY FOR IMPACT OF LOW PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZATION IN DIFFERENT COMBINATIONS WITH SULPHUR, GYPSUM AND PHOSPHOREIN ON TOMATO GROWTH, MINERAL STATUS AND PRODUCTIVITY.

Two field experiments were conducted at Kalabshow district, Dakahlia Governorate during two successive summer seasons of 2007 and 2008 to study the effect of phosphorus fertilizers,i.e., super phosphate and rock phosphate in different combination with gypsum, sulphur and phosphorein on growth ,mineral composition and productivity of tomato cv. Super marmand . The experiment included fourteen treatments arranged in randomized complete block design. The treatments contained two sources of phosphorus (P) fertilizers [super phosphate (SP) and rock phosphate (RP) at 100% from recommended dose (RD),i.e,75KgP2O5] and different combination of SP or RP at low rate (65%),i.e,52.5 KgP2O5 of RD) with gypsum (G),sulphur (S)and phosphorein(Phn). The main results were as follows: 1- Addition of super phosphate(SP) at 65 % of the recommended phosphorus rate(RD) with gypsum(G) and phosphorein(Phn) as soil amendment had a significant effect on number of leaves per plant, plant height , roots& shoots and total dry weights per plant as well as relative dry weight (%)during the two seasons. 2-Application of rock phosphate (RP) at 65 % of the recommended phosphorus rate RD) resulted in significant decrease of foliage concentration of N and P as well as the N, P ,K total uptake from N,P,K in both seasons. 3- The highest significant N and P concentration and N, P and K uptake were resulted from application of super phosphate (SP) at 65 %from RD in the presence of gypsum (G) and phosphorein (Phn) at both seasons. 4- Addition of the recommended phosphorus rate as super phosphate(SP) or applying (SP) at 65% from RD with gypsum and phosphorein showed the most superior effect regarding average fruit weight, number of fruits and fruit yield of tomato plant as well as total yield per feddan. 5- Application of super phosphate (SP) at 65 %with gypsum (G) and phosphorein (Phn) resulted in 6.45 % increment in the total yield comparing to the control treatment (average of the two seasons) . 6- Applying super phosphate (SP) at 65% from RD with gypsum (G) and phosphorein (Phn) showed the superior significant values for most fruit quality, i.e., T.S.S %, Vit C and total carbohydrates content of tomato fruits. In general, this study demonstrated that it is possible to produce highest growth, yield and quality of tomato plants by applying super phosphate at 65 % of the recommended phosphorus rate with 2.5 ton/feddan of gypsum and 1 kg/feddan of phosphorein. Moreover, the phosphatic fertilization can be reduced by 35 % of the recommended rate beside reduction of chemical pollution.

Efeito da fertilização fosfatada na produção de raízes, liteira e nodulação de Mimosa caesalpiniifolia benth

Este trabalho visou avaliar o efeito da adubação fosfatada sobre a nodulação, deposição de liteira e desenvolvimento do sistema radicular de M. caesalpiniifolia Benth, antes e depois da poda, na Estação Experimental de Itambé, da Instituto Agronômico de Pernambuco - IPA. Os tratamentos foram níveis de adubação fosfatada (0, 100 e 200 kg.ha-1 de P2O5), em delineamento com blocos casualizados com seis repetições no bloco I e sete no II, sendo o critério para formação de blocos a data do corte de uniformização. Amostragens foram realizadas antes e depois da poda da parte aérea. O comprimento, a massa seca radicular, a matéria seca de nódulos e a liteira tiveram resultados semelhantes antes e depois da poda. O número de nódulos antes da poda foi de 2, 15 e 6 nos níveis de 0, 100 e 200 kg.ha-1 de P2O5, respectivamente, e 1, 6 e 7 após a poda. Comprimentos radiculares médios variaram entre 552 e 734 cm antes da poda e 389 e 455 cm após. Apenas de agosto a novembro de 2005 o número de nódulos apresentou variação, sendo observados valores de 2 a 15 nódulos antes da poda e 1 a 7 depois.

Phosphorus fertilizer effects on the competition between wheat and several weed species

Information on phosphorus (P) fertilizer affecting crop–weed competitive interactions might aid in developing improved weed management systems. A controlled environment study was conducted to examine the effect of three P doses on the competitive ability of four weed species that were grown with wheat. Two grass and two broad‐leaved weed species were chosen to represent the species that varied in their growth responsiveness to P: wild oat (medium), Persian darnel (low), round‐leaved mallow (high), and kochia (low). Wheat and each weed species were grown in a replacement series design at P doses of 5, 15, and 45 mg P kg−1 soil. The competitive ability of the low P‐responsive species, Persian darnel and kochia, decreased as the P dose increased, supporting our hypothesis that the competitiveness of species responding minimally to P would remain unchanged or decrease at higher P levels. As expected, the competitiveness of the high P‐responsive species, round‐leaved mallow, progressively improved as the P dose increased. However, wild oat's competitive ability with wheat was not affected by the P fertilizer. The results suggest that fertilizer management strategies that favor crops over weeds might deserve greater attention when weed infestations consist of species known to be highly responsive to higher soil P levels. The information gained in this study could be used to advise farmers of the importance of strategic fertilizer management in terms of both weed management and crop yield.

Effects of Phosphorus Fertilization and Harvesting Stages on Forage Yield and Quality of Woolypod Vetch

Effects of Phosphorus Fertilization and Harvesting Stages on Forage Yield and Quality of Woolypod Vetch

EFEITOS QUALITATIVO E QUANTITATIVO DA APLICAÇÃO DE FÓSFORO NO CAPIM TANZÂNIA-1

The amendment of phosphorus shortage is indispensable to elevate the capacity of animal support capacity of a pasture. To improve P status of these soils and to know the qualitative and quantitative effect of phosphorus fertilizer on the forage Tanzânia-1, an experiment was conducted in one dark red latosol , at Santo Antonio de Goias - GO. The soil was prepared by using a harrow and one ploughing, and sowing was done after a week. The plots were fertilized by using 0; 50 and 100 kg of P ha-1 of commercial thermo-phosphate in previously amended soil with 3 t ha-1 of dolomite lime. The mean values of plant height, budding, green mass and dry matter increased but decreased the gross protein and increased the fiber contents. The phosphorus fertilizer didn’t influence potassium, calcium, zinc and manganese contents in the leaf tissue of plants. However, it reduced phosphorus, copper and iron contents but increased the magnesium contents. KEY-WORDS: Savanah; mineral nutricion; Panicum maximum; pasture.

Preliminary Investigations on Egyptian Bean (Lablab purpereus L.) for Fodder in Semi-Arid Nigeria Effects of Phosphorus Fertilizer on Growth Components and Herbage Yield

Preliminary Investigations on Egyptian Bean (Lablab purpereus L.) for Fodder in Semi-Arid Nigeria Effects of Phosphorus Fertilizer on Growth Components and Herbage Yield

Residual Effect of Phosphorus Fertilizer in a Low‐Humic Andosol with Low Extractable Phosphorus

Phosphorus (P) fertilization is quite important for crop production grown on Andosols. Fertilizer P‐use efficiency was 17% in a long‐term wheat experiment on a low‐humic Andosol. Residual effects of P fertilization were investigated using field soils in pot experiments. Topsoil was collected from the plots with or without annual P fertilizer at the rate of 65 kg‐P ha−1 for 23 years (nitrogen phosphorous potassium (NPK) soil and nitrogen potassium (NK) soil, respectively). There was no significant difference in dry matter of wheat and P uptake between NPK and NK soils. However, dry matter of rice and P uptake were higher in NPK soil than in NK soil. Inorganic aluminum P (Al‐Pi) and iron P (Fe‐Pi) increased in NPK soil. Increase in Al‐Pi and Fe‐Pi during 23 years contributed little to P uptake by wheat, and repeated P fertilization is indispensable to obtain acceptable grain yield.

The Effect of Phosphorus and Irrigation Treatments on the Essential Oil Content and Composition of Feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium (L.) cv. Zardband)

Field trials were carried out in a semi-arid climatic area in Iran in the years of 2004 and 2005 to determine the effect of phosphorus fertilizer and irrigation treatments on the essential oil content and composition of feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium L. cv. Zardband). Phosphorus fertilizer was band-placed at the rates of 0 (P0), 50 (P1), 100 (P2) and 150 (P3) Kg/ha at planting and irrigation treatments were applied at 10 (I1), 20 (I2) and 40 (I3) mm per week. The essential oil was obtained by hydro- distillation from the herb of the plant and then was analysed by using GC and GC-MS. According to the results phosphorus fertilizer and irrigation treatments had important role on the essential oil content and composition of feverfew. Application of phosphorus significantly increased the essential oil content and as well as camphor and chrysanthenyl-acetate. I1 P 3 (10 mm/week irrigation and 150kg/ ha P) treatment produced the highest amount of essential oil and camphor and I2 P3 (20 mm/week irrigation and 150kg/ha P) treatment produced the maximum amount of chrysanthenyl acetate. However, irrigation by itself did not change significantly the essential oil content and the main components.

Response of faba bean to phosphate fertilizer and weed control on nitisols of ethiopian highlands

The effects of phosphorus fertilizer and weed control on yield and major yield components of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) were studied on Nitisols of Ethiopian highlands. Factorial combinations of four levels of phosphorus fertilizer (0, 10, 20 and 30 kg P ha-1) as triple super phosphate (TSP) and two levels of weeding (W1 = no weeding and W2 = hand weeding once six weeks after crop emergence) were laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications. Results indicated that highly significant positive responses of number of pods per plant, total biomass and seed yields of faba bean to phosphorus fertilizer and weeding treatments were noted. Phosphorus level × weed control interaction over three years significantly (P ≤ 0.05) affected faba bean seed yield at Rob Gebeya but not at Welmera. Phosphorus application at the rates of 10, 20 and 30 kg P ha-1 resulted in mean seed yield increases compared to the control of 20, 41 and 53%, respectively on the average of locations; 13, 33 and 51%, respectively at Welmera, and 26, 48 and 55%, respectively at Rob Gebeya.Weeding once increased mean seed yields of faba bean by 25% on the average (35 and 17% at Welmera and Rob Gebeya, respectively) compared to unweeded check. Seed yield was positively correlated with total biomass and number of pods per plant (r = 0.95*** and 0.75***, respectively) at Welmera, and (r = 0.94*** and 0.55**, respectively) at Rob Gebeya. The results of economic analysis indicated that the highest marginal rate of return was obtained from weeding once six weeks after crop emergence and application of 20 kg P ha-1, which is economically the most feasible alternative on Nitisols of central Ethiopian highlands.

Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilization Effects on Yield Responses of Some Vetch Species

Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilization Effects on Yield Responses of Some Vetch Species

Effects of phosphorus fertilization on the availability and uptake of uranium and nutrients by plants grown on soil derived from uranium mining debris

Subterranean clover and barley were grown on a soil derived from uranium mining debris and fertilized with phosphate as a U immobilizing additive for in situ remediation. We investigated the beneficial effect of P fertilization in the range 0–500 mg P kg −1 soil in terms of U extractability, plant biomass production and U uptake. Increasing P in the mining debris caused a significant decrease of the water-soluble U and NH 4-Ac extractable U at pH 7 and 5. For both plant species, P fertilization considerably increased root and shoot dry matter up to a maximum observed for soil receiving 100 mg P kg −1 while the soil-to-plant transfer of U was regularly decreased by increasing P content in soil. These observations show that P fertilization represents an in situ practical option to facilitate the revegetation of U-mining heaps and to reduce the risks of biota exposure to U contamination.

Effects of Phosphorus Fertilization, Seed Source, and Soil Type on Growth of Acacia koa

ABSTRACT The endemic tree Acacia koa is used to reforest abandoned agricultural lands in Hawaii. Growth may be constrained by soil infertility and toxic concentrations of aluminum (Al) and manganese (Mn) in acidic Oxisols and Ultisols. The effects of phosphorus (P) fertilization at time of planting, soil type, and seed source on koa growth were studied for three years. Phosphorus, applied as triple superphosphate and at rates of at least 300 kg P ha−1, significantly increased height, basal stem diameter, crown volume, and aboveground wood biomass of trees from the local (Oahu) seed source, but not those from off island (Hawaii). Manganese toxicity in the Oxisol probably slowed growth of the off-site trees. The local seed source grew similarly in both soil types, but the survival rate was lower in the Ultisol, possibly due to its lower water-holding capacity. Increased growth due to fertilization suggested improved P status, but such improvement was not detected by foliar analysis.