Effect Of Palm Oil Research Articles

Impact of Oil Addition on Physicochemical Properties and In Vitro Digestibility of Extruded Pineapple Stem Starch.

The effects of palm oil (PO) and coconut oil (CO) additions on the physicochemical properties and in vitro starch digestibility of extruded pineapple stem starch (PSS) were studied. The native PSS was adjusted to 15% moisture and blended with PO or CO in amounts of 5 and 10% (w/w of starch), while the control sample without added oil was adjusted to 25% moisture before being extruded with a twin-screw extruder at a maximum barrel temperature of 140 °C. Due to the lubricating effect, the added oils reduced the expansion ratio of the extrudates, which led to an increase in cell wall thickness, bulk density, hardness, and water adsorption index, but to a reduction in the water solubility index, especially with 10% oils. PO had a greater impact on the physicochemical changes in the extrudates than CO. Surprisingly, no amylose-lipid complex was observed in the extrudates with added oil, as shown by XRD, DSC, and FTIR results. The phenolic compounds contained in PSS remained in all extrudates, which could affect the formation of the amylose-lipid complex during extrusion. The addition of 5% oil had no effect on the digestibility of the starch compared to the control extrudates, while the 10% oils, both PO and CO, reduced the rapidly digestible starch content but significantly increased the resistant starch content of the extruded PSS.

Effects of dietary palm oil on nutritional indices of Diatraea saccharalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) for Cotesia flavipes (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) production

Cotesia flavipes parasitizes Diatraea saccharalis, a pest that causes major losses to sugarcane production. The mass production of C. flavipes and its subsequent release onto sugarcane is one form of biological control of D. saccharalis. An essential factor for successfully fighting this pest is the development of host diets that can increase the efficiency of C. flavipes production. Palm oil contains saturated fatty acids, unsaturated fatty acids, and polyunsaturated linoleic acid. However, little is known about the effects of palm oil on C. flavipes production in the laboratory. Different concentrations of palm oil were added to the D. saccharalis diet and its nutritional indices were analyzed. Subsequently, the production and sex ratio of C. flavipes were determined. Our results indicated that the addition of higher palm oil concentrations to an artificial diet generated a high relative consumption rate (RCR) in D. saccharalis, and consequently a high relative metabolic rate (RMR), which resulted in a lower production of the parasitoid. In contrast, the lowest palm oil concentration in the artificial diet generated a low RMR and resulted in high-efficiency conversion of ingested food (ECI), enabling D. saccharalis to yield more C. flavipes. This suggests that palm oil influences the quantity of D. saccharalis ingested, which determines the number of C. flavipes that will be generated. In this study, supplementation of a D. saccharalis diet with 0.25% palm oil increased the production of C. flavipes. Therefore, this level of palm oil supplementation can aid in the production of C. flavipes on a laboratory-scale. Further research, including increasing the number of parasitoids, must be performed to mass-produce the augmentative releases of C. flavipes to manage D. saccharalis.

Effect of Palm Oil, Linseed Oil and Vitamin E on some Production Parameters of Broilers

This study was conducted in the poultry field of the Livestock Research Station in Mosul of the Iraqi Ministry of Agriculture during the period 27/12/2021 to 8/2/2022 for the purpose of studying the effect of adding some plants oils and vitamin E on some productive traits of broiler chickens. where (480) one-day-old Roos-308 broiler chicks were used, they were distributed randomly by six experimental treatments for each treatment of 80 birds, and each treatment included four replications, and each repetition had 20 birds. the treatments were as follows: T1 (standard ration without addition) T2 (palm oil addition 2%) T3 (flax oil addition 2%) T4 (vitamin E supplementation 300 mg/kg feed) T5 (palm oil addition 2% and vitamin E 300 mg/kg feed) T6 (add flax oil 2% and vitamin E 300 mg/kg feed). we obtained significant differences (P≤0.05) in weight, weight gain, production index, feed consumption rate, feed conversion coefficient, and a decrease in mortality, as it was found that there was a significant improvement in the breast weight criterion.

EFFECT OF DAYS OF FERMENTATION AND PALM OIL ON THE LEVELS OF CYANIDE IN GARRI SAMPLES

Investigation of the levels of cyanide in garri samples, a widely consumed food from cassava (Manihot esculenta crantz) was carried out. Ground cassava roots from where the garri was prepared were allowed to ferment for different days (interval of 1-5 days). The effect of palm oil on the samples was also investigated. The levels of cyanide on the different garri samples were measured using UV Spectrophotometer. Results showed that the cyanide levels in the garri samples were 0.054, 0.044, 0.037, 0.031, 0.025 for the samples without palm oil and fermentation days 1 to 5 respectively, and 0.052, 0.042, 0.035, 0.029, 0.023 for the samples with palm oil and 1 to 5 fermentation days respectively. The results show that cyanide levels reduce with increase in the number of days of fermentation of the cassava and vice versa. Addition of palm oil reduced the level of cyanide in the garri samples studied but the effect was little.

Effect of palm oil as plasticizer for compounding polar and non-polar rubber matrix reinforced carbon black composites

Effect of palm oil as plasticizer for compounding polar and non-polar rubber matrix reinforced carbon black composites

Experimental investigations on the effect of palm oil in kenaf fibre–reinforced basalt particulate hybrid biocomposite

Experimental investigations on the effect of palm oil in kenaf fibre–reinforced basalt particulate hybrid biocomposite

Effect of Palm oil and Their Main Compounds in the Management of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors

Palm oil is edible plant oil derived from the fruits of palm trees. Palm oil is extracted from the pulp of the fruit of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis)) which is one of the species of palm. It consists of various phytonutrients such as tocotrenols, tocopherols, carotenoids, phytosterols, squalene, and coenzyme. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a global health burden that greatly impact patient quality of life and account for a huge number of deaths worldwide. Palm oil consumption and its effects on serum lipid levels, and cardiovascular disease are found in humans. Palm oil is one of the most stable oils, which help it prolong food storability mostly due not only to its content of saturated fatty acids, but also to its antioxidant compounds. Palm oil plays an important role in the prevention of much pathology (diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, obesity and cancers). It is widely use in nutrition especially in the food industry and in biodiesel industry. These metabolites show beneficial potential through a direct effect on these risk factors, namely hypertension, dyslipidemia and diabetes, or by acting on related targets, or exerting general cellular protection.

Effect of Palm Oil, Palm Olein, Palm Kernel Oil and Their Blends on the Lipid Profile of Albino Rats

Edible oils play an important role in the body as carriers of essential fatty acids, this essential fatty acids are not produced in the body but gotten from diet we consume. This study examined the effect of palm oil, palm olein, palm kernel oil and their blends (PKO: POL and POL: PKO) on the lipid profile of Albino rats. The aim was to investigate the nutritional and health effects of these oils. Serum was used in the biochemical analysis of lipid profile using Randox Laboratories (England) kit. High density lipoprotein cholesterol in rats fed diets containing unheated and unblended PKO was lower than the recommended range and palm olein and their blends were all higher than the recommended range of 40-59mg/dL. Palm kernel oil fortified diet significantly increased triglyceride levels while; total cholesterol levels were considered to be acceptable except for palm kernel oil and its blends. Palm kernel oil and higher blend of palm kernel oil increased significantly very low density lipoprotein cholesterol above the recommended limit of 2-30mg/dl. Low density lipoprotein cholesterol values in this study were far below the recommended limit for PKO and higher blends of PKO. In conclusion palm oil helps to lower total cholesterol concentration by stimulating the synthesis of protective HDL-C. Palm kernel oil increases total triglyceride and total cholesterol levels.

Evaluation of palm oil and water temperature in bioactive edible film preparation of total mixed ration pellet on hardness and microbial profile

The effects of palm oil and water temperature on preparation of bioactive edible film (BEF) in total mixed ration (TMR) pellets were investigated, with highlight on hardness and microbial composition. The research followed a completely randomized design (CRD) with factorial of 4 × 4 with 3 replications. The first factor was crude palm oil (M) with levels of 0%, 1.5%, 3%, 4.5%, while the second factor was water temperature (T) as a solvent for tapioca flour, namely 30 °C, 35°C, 40°C, and 45°C. The results showed that palm oil concentration and water temperature had a significant effect (P <0.05) and showed an interaction between the two factors on the hardness of BEF TMR pellets. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and fungi population decreased with the addition of palm oil content and increasing of water temperature. Coliform was not detected in all palm oil and temperature treatments. It could be concluded there was an interaction between addition of palm oil and water temperature to the hardness of BEF TMR pellets, with the best combination produced by 3% palm oil and 35°C water temperature. The population profile of LAB and fungi at treatment of 3% palm oil and 30°C produced the most satisfied pellet which also meets Indonesia National Standard (SNI) for ruminant feed.

The Effect of Palm Oil on Health Outcomes: A Protocol for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses of Controlled Clinical Trials

Background: It is suggested that palm oil consumption might increase chronic diseases including cardiovascular disease. Previous studies that investigated the effect of palm oil intake on anthropometric measures, blood glucose control, inflammation, and oxidative stress markers have led to inconsistent results. This is while no systematic review and meta-analysis has been performed to summarize the data in this regard.&#x0D; Objectives: The present study describes a protocol for a range of systematic reviews and meta-analyses to examine the effect of palm oil intake on body weight and fat, inflammatory markers, oxidative stress, liver enzymes, blood pressure, and blood glucose control indices.&#x0D; Methods: ISI web of science, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Scopus, and Google Scholar will be searched using medical subject heading (MeSH) and non-MeSH keywords. Controlled clinical trials will be selected based on predefined eligibility criteria. The intra-study risk of bias will be checked by using the Cochrane collaboration tool. Mean difference (MD) (the difference between mean change values in the intervention group/period and control group/period) and its corresponding standard deviation will be calculated to be used as effect size. A random-effects meta-analysis will be performed to pool the results. Subgroup analysis and meta-regression will be conducted to explore the possible sources of heterogeneity. Sensitivity analysis will be conducted by removing the studies one-by-one from the overall analyses. Publication bias will be assessed by inspecting funnel plots and asymmetry tests.&#x0D; Conclusion: The results of systematic reviews and meta-analyses might provide helpful data about the effects of palm oil consumption on different aspects of health among adults. The evidence provided by the results of systematic reviews can be useful for dietitians, clinicians, public health policy-makers, and the public.

Effect of cholesterol- and palm oil-enriched diets on rabbit aorta and aortic valve calcification

Atherosclerosis and calcific aortic valvular disease share a number of risk factors. Among them, hypercholesterolemia promotes atherosclerosis. However, whether a cholesterol-rich diet induces aortic valve calcification remains unclear. The effect of palm oil on vascular and valvular calcification is unknown. To study and compare the effects of cholesterol- and palm oil-enriched diets on aorta and aortic valve calcification in a rabbit model. New Zealand White rabbits were fed for 16 weeks with cholesterol- (0.3% cholesterol, n = 7) or palm oil-enriched diet (5% palm oil, n = 6) supplemented with vitamin D2 (25,000U/day/2.5 kg). Computed tomography (CT) was performed at regular intervals. Heart and aorta were collected for histological analyses. The cholesterol-rich diet provoked aortic atherosclerosis. It also induced a 2-fold increase of the aortic valve area compared to rabbits fed with a regular chow diet, with cell and lipid accumulation in the fibrosa. All rabbits displayed calcification of the aortic wall detectable in vivo by CT in 2 rabbits out of 7. Histology revealed calcification in the aortic valve of 4 rabbits out of 7 and thickening of valvular fibrosa. In contrast to the cholesterol-rich diet, the palm oil-rich diet did not lead to thickened aortic intima or aortic valve nor lipid accumulation. Interestingly, all rabbits treated with palm-oil enriched diet exhibited massive aortic wall calcification, characterized by the presence of large calcification nodules in the aortic media detectable in vivo by CT in 5 rabbits out of 6. Calcification was also found in the aortic valve fibrosa of 3 rabbits out of 6 and extracellular matrix remodeling was observed around the calcification nodules of the aortic media. Both diets induced histological changes and calcification of the aorta and aortic valve. However, the lesions differed between the two diets, suggesting different pathophysiological mechanisms.

The Effect of Palm Oil on Health Outcomes: A Protocol for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses of Controlled Clinical Trials

Background: It is suggested that palm oil consumption might increase chronic diseases including cardiovascular disease. Previous studies that investigated the effect of palm oil intake on anthropometric measures, blood glucose control, inflammation, and oxidative stress markers have led to inconsistent results. This is while no systematic review and meta-analysis has been conducted to summarize the data in this regard.&#x0D; Objectives: The present study describes a protocol for a range of systematic reviews and meta-analyses to examine the effect of palm oil intake on body weight and fat, inflammatory markers, oxidative stress, liver enzymes, blood pressure, and blood glucose control indices.&#x0D; Methods: ISI web of science, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Scopus, and Google Scholar will be searched using medical subject heading (MeSH) and non-MeSH keywords. Controlled clinical trials will be selected based on predefined eligibility criteria. The intra-study risk of bias will be checked by using the Cochrane collaboration tool. Mean difference (MD) (the difference between mean change values in the intervention group/period and control group/period) and its corresponding standard deviation will be calculated to be used as effect size. A random-effects meta-analysis will be performed to pool the results. Subgroup analysis and meta-regression will be conducted to explore the possible sources of heterogeneity. Sensitivity analysis will be conducted by removing the studies one-by-one from the overall analyses. Publication bias will be assessed by inspecting funnel plots and asymmetry tests.&#x0D; Conclusion: The results of systematic reviews and meta-analyses might provide helpful information about the effects of palm oil consumption on different aspects of health among adults. The evidence provided by the results of systematic reviews can be useful for dietitians, clinicians, public health policy-makers, and the public.&#x0D;

Inclusion of Dietary Palm Oil and Soy Oil on Growth Performance and Nutrition Digestibility in Broiler Chickens

The effects of palm oil and soy oil supplementation in broiler chickens on growth performance and nutrient digestibility of dry matter, nitrogen, and energy was evaluated. In this experiment, 702 one-day-old Ross 308 cross bred chicks with an initial body weight of 42.23±0.05 g (mean±SD) were utilized in a completely randomized treatment design (13 replicates/treatment, 18 chickens/cage) and fed for 35 days with CON (basal diet), T1 (Basal diet + 1.3 % palm oil), and T2 (Basal diet + 1.3% soy oil). From days 1 to 7, the body weight gain (BWG), feed intake (FI), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were not significantly affected by the supplementation with palm oil or soy oil. However, from days 7 to 21, BWG showed a tendency to increase compared to that with the control treatment. Moreover, BWG was significantly improved (<i>P</i>&lt;0.05) with palm and soy oil supplementation during the overall experiment in comparison to that with the control diet. In addition, the palm oil-supplemented group had higher BWG than the soy oil treatment group (<i>P</i>&lt;0.05). During the overall experiment, FI tended to increase in the T1 group compared to that in the other groups. There was no significant effect on FCR and nutrient digestibility of dry matter, nitrogen, and energy during the overall trial with the supplementation of palm or soy oil. In summary, the inclusion of dietary palm and soy oil has a beneficial effect on the growth performance of broiler chickens.

1891-P: Palmitate-Enriched Lipid Ingestion Acutely Induces Insulin Resistance Associated with PKCγ Activation and Impaired Mitochondrial Function in Human Skeletal Muscle

Hypercaloric diets cause dyslipidemia, insulin resistance and contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes. Nevertheless, the degree of fatty acid (FA) saturation may differently affect metabolism and risk of cardiovascular diseases, with saturated FA (SAFA) considered to be harmful and polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) considered to be beneficial. Thus, we aimed at characterizing the acute effects of palm oil (POL, SAFA-rich) and safflower oil (SOL, PUFA-rich) on tissue-specific insulin sensitivity and skeletal muscle mitochondrial function in glucose-tolerant volunteers (10 m/6 f; age 24±2 years; BMI 23.1±0.9 kg/m2), who ingested 1.2 g/kg BW of POL, SOL or control (CON, water) on three occasions. Whole-body glucose disposal (Rd) was assessed with [2H2]glucose before and during hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps. Skeletal muscle biopsies were performed to assess protein kinase C (PKC) ԑ and θ translocation and oxygen fluxes by high-resolution respirometry at 1 h before and 2, 4 and 7 h after the interventions. Before the clamp, POL but not SOL ingestion raised plasma palmitic acid levels by 102% (p&amp;lt;0.01) compared to CON. Only POL decreased Rd by 28% and muscle mitochondrial oxidative capacity by 38% from succinate and by 39% from octanoyl-carnitine, but increased PKCɛ activity by 57% (all p&amp;lt;0.05 vs. CON). During insulin stimulation, Rd decreased by 38% after POL and by 26% after SOL (all p&amp;lt;0.05 to CON). Non-oxidative glucose disposal was lower after POL than after SOL (p&amp;lt;0.05). In conclusion, oral ingestion of palmitate-enriched lipids rapidly induces whole-body insulin resistance, which is likely mediated through skeletal muscle lipid-mediated PKCԑ activation and possibly accelerated by impaired mitochondrial function. Thus, the amount of dietary lipids determines acute insulin resistance, but its composition may differentially regulate skeletal muscle oxidative capacity. Disclosure T. Sarabhai: None. C. Koliaki: None. S. Kahl: None. D. Pesta: None. L. Mastrototaro: None. M. Apostolopoulou: None. D.F. Markgraf: None. C. Herder: Research Support; Self; Sanofi-Aventis. M. Roden: Advisory Panel; Self; Servier. Board Member; Self; Poxel SA. Consultant; Self; Eli Lilly and Company, Gilead Sciences, Inc., ProSciento, TARGET PharmaSolutions. Research Support; Self; Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Novartis Pharma K.K., Sanofi US. Speaker’s Bureau; Self; Novo Nordisk A/S. Funding German Federal Ministry of Health and Ministry of Culture and Science of the State North Rhine-Westphalia; German Federal Ministry of Education and Research by the European Regional Development Fund (KomIT, EFRE-0400191); German Research Foundation (DFG; SFB 1116/2)

The Effects of Palm Oil with Nanoclay Additive in Hydrodynamic Journal Bearing Lubrication

In the present study, palm oil has been tested to study its capability as a lubricant to replace commercial mineral oil. To enrich the performance, nanoparticles additives were added. Previous studies proved that by adding the small size of additives into lubricating oil can lessen the friction and improve anti-wear properties. In this research, the size of the nanoparticle used was below 20nm. Four ball tester following ASTM D4072-94 was conducted to determine the optimum concentration of palm oil bio-lubricant with Nano-clay additive ranged from 0.02% to 0.08%wt. The results discovered that 0.04wt% of Nano-clay additive added into palm oil was the optimum concentration of the lubricant with the coefficient of friction 0.081, which recorded 16% reduction as compared to mineral oil (20W-40) – the reference lubricant. It also shows good anti-wear ability which the wear scar diameter was improved by 32%. The oil was then tested in journal bearing to characterize the hydrodynamic lubrication properties. The properties that have been observed were the coefficient of friction, pressure profile and temperature profile. The results showed that modified palm oil with Nano-clay provided better performance with low coefficient of friction (reduced more than 50% as compared to mineral oil) and also temperature profile (reduced up to 20% compared to mineral oil). As for the pressure profile, even slightly higher pressure recorded for palm oil due to lower viscosity, yet the pressure was improved with the presence of Nano-clay additive. In overall, it had been proven that palm oil with Nano-clay additive shows massive potential as an alternative lubricant to the same range with the current industrial mineral oil.

Effect of palm oil on the basic geotechnical properties of kaolin

This paper presents an experimental study to evaluate the effect of palm oil on the selected basic physical-chemical and geotechnical properties of kaolin. The experimental findings are further compared with literature outcomes investigating similar properties of fine grained soils subjected to contamination by different types of oils. To this end, palm oil was mixed with oven dried kaolin samples–aiding oil\'s interaction (coating) with dry particles first, in anticipation to emphasize the effect of oil on the properties of kaolin, which would be difficult to achieve otherwise. Oil content was limited to 40% by dry weight of kaolin, supplemented at intervals of 10% from clean kaolin samples. Observations highlight physical particle-to-particle bonding resulting in the formation of pseudo-silt sized clusters due to palm oil\'s interaction as evinced in the particle size distribution and SEM micrographs. These clusters, aided by water repellency property of the oil coating the kaolin particles, was analyzed to show notable variations in kaolin\'s consistency–measured as liquid and plastic limits. Furthermore, results from compaction tests indicates contribution of oil\'s viscosity on the compaction behavior of kaolin – showing decrease in the maximum dry unit weight (gammad,max) and optimum moisture content (wopt) values with increasing oil contents, while their decrease rates were directly and inversely proportional in gammad,max and wopt values with oil contents respectively. Comparative study in similar terms, also validates this lower and higher decrease rates in gammad,max and wopt values of the fine grained soils respectively, when subjected to contamination by oil with higher viscosity.

Effects of palm oil on structural and in vitro digestion properties of cooked rice starches

The glycemic potency of rice depends upon the rate and extent of starch hydrolysis by pancreatic amylase and intestinal alpha-glucosidases. However, complexation of starch molecules with lipids is known to reduce the enzymic hydrolysis. In this study, we elucidated the varietal effect of rice starches on the formation of amylose-lipid complex, after cooking with palm oil, a common cooking oil. The amount of complexed lipid followed the order of black (2.5%), brown (2.5%), white (1.5%) and waxy (0.5%) rice starches. After heating with palm oil, the relative crystallinity of all the rice starches were destroyed whilst a V-type peak at 20° 2θ was increased, indicating the formation of amylose-lipid complex. This is also suggested from the DSC data where the melting enthalpy increased significantly after cooking in palm oil for all rice samples. The formation of amylose-lipid complex reduced the in vitro starch digestibility, enhancing the resistance starch content whilst decreasing the rapid and slow digestion fractions of non-waxy varieties. The rate and extent of in vitro starch hydrolysis seems to be dependent on the presence or absence of amylose fraction. With the mechanistic details, the present study suggests the applicability of palm oil addition during the rice cooking to enhance its nutritional functionality.

Influence of bleached palm oil on the physicochemical and sensory properties of beef patty

The effect of palm oil on the physico-chemical and sensory properties of beef liver patty were studied. Seven batches (3units per batch) of beef liver patty with different palm oil content (5, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50%) and a control with pork fat (30%) were manufactured by component mix at 1500 rpm for 1 min and cooked in an oven at 90 °C. Physico-chemical analysis of raw and cooked samples showed improvement of emulsion stability, water binding capacity, technological yield and hardness of patties substituted with lower proportions of deodorized bleached palm oil. No significant difference (P > 0.05) was found between physico-chemical properties of liver patty formulated with 20% palm oil and the control (formulated with 30% pork fat). Sensory attributes generated by a semi-trained panel based mainly on texture, homogeneity (colour and aspect), odour and meltiness of the patties confirmed this tendency.

Effect of Palm Oil (PO) and Distilled Mono-Glycerid (DMG) on Oil Separation and Rheological Properties of Sesame Paste

Sesame oil separation from sesame paste is viewed as a quality defect during sesame paste processing and storage. Palm oil (PO) and distilled mono-glycerides (DMG) were added to sesame paste at (0–2%) and (0–8% [w/w]), respectively, to reduce sesame oil separation. Results showed oil separation was reduced by 12.5% at 2% PO and by 50% at 8% DMG. Most oil separation occurred during the first 40 days of storage for DMG. Rheological behavior was modeled with a typical thixotropic model. A progressive structural breakdown and decrease in viscosity. Addition of DMG to sesame paste was responsible for increasing the viscosity of colloidal system as compared to PO. It was observed that emulsifying properties of both PO and DMG were responsible for retarding oil separation. The study concluded that addition of 8% DMG to sesame paste was effective in reducing oil separation in sesame paste. Practical Applications A common problem with sesame paste (tahini) and halva (made from tahini and sugar) is sesame oil separation during storage. After grinding of de-hulled and roasted sesame seeds, oil is released and separates into an oily layer above a relatively dry mixture of sesame solids and a little oil. This results in contamination of the containers, reduction of marketability and formation of a tough and nonsmooth texture. Mono-glycerides are food additives which act as both emulsifiers and binders. They were used in this study to prevent or reduce natural oil separation taking place in sesame paste. Mono-glycerides were added to sesame paste at three concentrations (0%, 2%, 4% and 8% [w/w]) while palm oil (PO) was added at two concentrations (1% and 2%). The standard oil diffusion test was used to simulate real life oil separation.

Exosome-like vesicles released from lipid-induced insulin-resistant muscles modulate gene expression and proliferation of beta recipient cells in mice.

The crosstalk between skeletal muscle (SkM) and beta cells plays a role in diabetes aetiology. In this study, we have investigated whether SkM-released exosome-like vesicles (ELVs) can be taken up by pancreatic beta cells and can deliver functional cargoes. Mice were fed for 16weeks with standard chow diet (SCD) or with standard diet enriched with 20% palmitate (HPD) and ELVs were purified from quadriceps muscle. Fluorescent ELVs from HPD or SCD quadriceps were injected i.v. or intramuscularly (i.m.) into mice to determine their biodistributions. Micro (mi)RNA quantification in ELVs was determined using quantitative real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR)-based TaqMan low-density arrays. Microarray analyses were performed to determine whether standard diet ELVs (SD-ELVs) and high palmitate diet ELVs (HPD-ELVs) induced specific transcriptional signatures in MIN6B1 cells. In vivo, muscle ELVs were taken up by pancreas, 24h post-injection. In vitro, both SD-ELVs and HPD-ELVs transferred proteins and miRNAs to MIN6B1 cells and modulated gene expressions whereas only HPD-ELVs induced proliferation of MIN6B1 cells and isolated islets. Bioinformatic analyses suggested that transferred HPD-ELV miRNAs may participate in these effects. To validate this, we demonstrated that miR-16, which is overexpressed in HPD-ELVs, was transferred to MIN6B1 cells and regulated Ptch1, involved in pancreas development. In vivo, islets from HPD mice showed increased size and altered expression of genes involved in development, including Ptch1, suggesting that the effect of palm oil on islet size in vivo was reproduced in vitro by treating beta cells with HPD-ELVs. Our data suggest that muscle ELVs might have an endocrine effect and could participate in adaptations in beta cell mass during insulin resistance.