Evaluation of palm oil and water temperature in bioactive edible film preparation of total mixed ration pellet on hardness and microbial profile

Abstract

The effects of palm oil and water temperature on preparation of bioactive edible film (BEF) in total mixed ration (TMR) pellets were investigated, with highlight on hardness and microbial composition. The research followed a completely randomized design (CRD) with factorial of 4 × 4 with 3 replications. The first factor was crude palm oil (M) with levels of 0%, 1.5%, 3%, 4.5%, while the second factor was water temperature (T) as a solvent for tapioca flour, namely 30 °C, 35°C, 40°C, and 45°C. The results showed that palm oil concentration and water temperature had a significant effect (P <0.05) and showed an interaction between the two factors on the hardness of BEF TMR pellets. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and fungi population decreased with the addition of palm oil content and increasing of water temperature. Coliform was not detected in all palm oil and temperature treatments. It could be concluded there was an interaction between addition of palm oil and water temperature to the hardness of BEF TMR pellets, with the best combination produced by 3% palm oil and 35°C water temperature. The population profile of LAB and fungi at treatment of 3% palm oil and 30°C produced the most satisfied pellet which also meets Indonesia National Standard (SNI) for ruminant feed.