Effectiveness Of Various Methods Research Articles

Эффективность определения племенной ценности быков-производителей в зависимости от метода оценки

The purpose of the study is to determine the effectiveness of various methods for assessing the bree-ding value of bulls in the dairy cattle population of the Omsk Region. Objectives: to compare the effectiveness of assessing the breeding value of stud bulls using the “assessment by quality of offspring” and BLUP methods; to determine the correlation between the breeding value of bulls and the level of productivity of offspring. The object of the study was 67 bulls who were the fathers of 926 cows that completed their first lactation. The breeding value assessment using the Daughters-Peers method was carried out for 15 stud bulls. Of the bulls assessed using the Daughters-Peers method, 9 bulls were improvers, which is 60 % of all animals tested using this method. Using the BLUP method, from all bulls, positive breeding value was identified in 12 bulls, which is 17.9 % of the total number of bulls. When assessed by the Daughters-Peers method, the maximum number of bulls (33.33 %) have a breeding value for milk yield of 301–450 kg. The results of the BLUP assessment showed that 4 bulls, or 33.33 %, had a breeding value of less than 150 kg. The share of bulls with a breeding value of more than 451 kg is 25 %. The probability of error when selecting bulls with the best breeding value in terms of milk production is higher when it is determined by the Daughters-Peers method by 34 % compared to the BLUP method. When selecting bulls based on milk fat content, the assessment of breeding value using the BLUP method is more effective. The accuracy of the method is 47.7 % higher than when assessing breeding value using the Daughters-Peers method. Assessment using the BLUP method objectively and relatively accurately makes it possible to determine the genetic potential of animal productivity and optimally use them in breeding work.

Review on Exploring Better Roads: Understanding How Membrane Treatments and Techniques Help Prevent Cracks

This review explores the use of membrane treatments and techniques in preventing cracks in roads. The study evaluates the effectiveness of various methods enhancing the durability and longevity of road surfaces. By examining the benefits and limitations of each technique, the review aims to provide insights on best practices for road maintenance and construction.

Application of machine learning algorithms in the domain of financial engineering

Financial engineering is crucial for effectively combining finance with quantitative approaches. This study aims to forecast the performance of the Nasdaq stock market by considering numerous factors like wind, hydro, thermal, gas, and nuclear variables. To accomplish this, we utilize sophisticated predictive models, namely adaptive lasso (ALasso), elastic net (Enet), artificial neural network (ANN), convolutional neural network (CNN), and long short-term memory (LSTM). By using these advanced methods, our goal is to offer perceptive and precise predictions, which will enhance comprehension of the complex dynamics within the financial markets. The evidence suggests that the LSTM model has demonstrated superior accuracy in predicting changes in the Nasdaq stock market when compared to ALasso, Enet, ANN, and CNN. While ALasso, Enet, ANN, and CNN exhibit comparable RMSE and MAE values, their performance is slightly less competitive than that of the LSTM model. The marginal differences in RMSE (ALasso: 0.319, Enet: 0.317, ANN: 0.3, CNN: 0.32) and MAE (ALasso: 0.277, Enet: 0.276, ANN: 0.252, CNN: 0.278) emphasize the comparable effectiveness of various methods, but they somewhat drop below the LSTM model in terms of precision. The findings showed the significance of well-known and advanced ML techniques, particularly LSTM, for enhanced accuracy in financial market predictions.

Symptomatic and aggressive vertebral hemangiomas in children: features of modern interpretation and treatment tactics

Objective. To analyze the features of clinical-radiological manifestations of symptomatic vertebral hemangiomas in children and the possibility of algorithmizing their treatment.Material and Methods. As part of a monocenter cohort, 24 children aged 4 to 17 years received treatment for symptomatic vertebral hemangiomas. The clinical-radiological manifestations of the tumor and the effectiveness of various methods of invasive treatment were evaluated.Results. Symptomatic uncomplicated and complicated vertebral hemangiomas, corresponding to stages S2 and S3 of the Enneking classification for benign tumors, occur in children with almost equal frequency. For tumors without extravertebral spread, a closed percutaneous vertebroplasty provides stable relief of complaints. For aggressive hemangiomas with extravertebral, including epidural, spread, various treatment methods are used. An algorithm for choosing therapeutic tactics is proposed.Conclusion. Surgical treatment of symptomatic vertebral hemangiomas should be carried out using a tactical algorithm that takes into account the stage of the tumor (S2 or S3) and the possibility of performing closed or open vertebroplasty, selective arterial embolization and decompression and stabilization operations on the spine.

Optimal hedging efficiency in global freight markets: Comparing FFAs and time charter strategies

The paper aims to mitigate financial risk in highly volatile shipping freight markets by employing a dynamic hedging model. The primary criterion for evaluating the effectiveness of various methods for estimating optimal hedge ratios through Forward Freight Agreements (FFAs) is the minimum variance hedging rule. Four different methods are utilized to estimate two types of hedge ratios. The first type, a static hedge ratio, is calculated using the OLS and ECM methods. The second type, a time-varying hedge ratio, is determined through a bivariate GARCH model and a Rolling Window OLS method. Additionally, the hedging effectiveness of the traditional method of hedging, time chartering, is compared to the more modern and sophisticated shipping derivatives methods using the coefficient of variation. Highlights Estimating optimal hedge ratios through Forward Freight Agreements (FFAs) with the minimum variance hedging rule Four different methods are utilized to estimate two types of hedge ratios for static and dynamic hedging Assess the hedging effectiveness of the different methods of hedge ration estimation Compare the hedging effectiveness of the traditional method of hedging, time chartering, to the more modern and sophisticated shipping derivatives methods using the coefficient of variation

A Comparative Study on Rice Husk, as Agricultural Waste, in the Production of Silica Nanoparticles via Different Methods.

This study explores the conversion of agricultural waste into valuable industrial precursors, specifically focusing on the production of silica nanoparticles from rice husk (RH) via calcination and sol-gel processes. The synthesized particles underwent detailed analysis to assess their chemical composition, structural features, morphological characteristics, and size distribution. This comparative analysis evaluates the effectiveness of various methods in generating silica from RH and examines the impact of different drying techniques, including freeze-drying and conventional thermal drying, on the properties of the resulting silica nanoparticles. Utilizing a combination of sol-gel and freeze-drying techniques produced spherical nanoparticles with diameters of 10 to 20 nm, characterized by size uniformity, clear contours, and minimal aggregation. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis identified the amorphous nature of the silica, as evidenced by diffraction peaks typical of amorphous silica in the RH-derived samples processed via different methods. Significantly, the XRD patterns of the calcination-derived silica showed no foreign peaks, indicating a purer amorphous state. The findings of this study are anticipated to contribute to the development of innovative and efficient silica nanomaterials, fostering the sustainable use of agricultural waste.

STRUCTURE AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF A SERIES OF STRUCTURAL STEEL AFTER HEAT TREATMENT WITH ENDURANCE IN THE INTERCRITICAL TEMPERATURE INTERVAL

Purpose. To show the effectiveness of various methods of heat treatment of the studied steels with heating in ITI, as a result of which their mechanical properties are increased, which is due to the acquisition of a multiphase structure, one of the components of which in some cases is metastable austenite.
 Research methods. Steels 14Г2, 20ГЛ, 20ГФЛ 45Г were investigated. Various types of heat treatment were carried out with heating in the intercritical temperature interval. In the studied steels, a multiphase structure dispersed in chemical composition was obtained. Durometric, metallographic and X-ray research methods were used. Mechanical properties under tension and impact toughness were determined. These properties were compared with those obtained from the studied steels after typical heat treatment.
 Obtained results. It is shown that in the investigated steels, when performing various methods of heat treatment, there is no need to obtain a single-phase austenite structure, which is homogeneous in terms of its chemical composition, during heating. The creation of a multiphase dispersed micro-inhomogeneous structure in the studied steels by heat treatment methods, which include regulated heating and holding in ITI, allows to obtain after normalization, hardening and high or low tempering, as well as isothermal tempering, a good combination of strength and plastic properties, the level of which exceeds that obtained after the usual process.
 Scientific novelty. The paper considers an alternative point of view, according to which to improve the mechanical and service properties of steels, it is necessary to obtain multiphase dispersed micro-inhomogeneous structures in them, consisting of martensite, bainite, ferrite, carbides, carbonitrides and metastable residual austenite, as well as their various combinations. In order to obtain such structures, it is advisable to use heating and holding in ITI during the heat treatment of pre-eutectoid steels, in which austenite is formed, along with ferrite and carbides. At the same time, austenite has chemical micro-heterogeneity, because the carbon concentration at its boundary with carbide is significantly higher than at the boundary with ferrite. This makes it possible to obtain a multiphase dispersed micro-inhomogeneous structure after heat treatment.
 Practical value. Increasing the mechanical properties of steels makes it possible to increase the operational stability of machine parts, which is an important task of materials science. One of the directions of its solution is to obtain a multiphase structure in steels, one of the components of which is metastable austenite, in which the dynamic deformation martensitic transformation (DSMT) and the effect of self-hardening under load (SHL) occur under load. Methods of heat treatment with heating at ITI are easily implemented in production conditions and allow for energy savings. Modes of their implementation should be chosen taking into account obtaining the necessary properties, the initial structure, its defects and the cross-section of the products.

Chisel Tillage Under Spring Barley in the Forest-Steppe

Abstract The degradation of chernozems and increased soil erosion led to the search for more advanced methods of tillage, taking into account climatic conditions, the quantity and quality of crop residues, and the volume of fertilizer application. The aim of the study was to establish the effect of various methods of basic tillage in the presence of preceding plant‘s crop residues on the growth and development of spring barley plants. The experiment was carried out in the forest-steppe of Ukraine. During the experiment, the influence of various methods of basic tillage on the agrophysical properties of the soil, its water regime, and weed infestation of spring barley crops was studied. For comparison, the following types of basic tillage were used: dump to a depth of 20–22 cm, chisel tillage to a depth of 14–16 cm, and disc tillage to a depth of 10–12 cm. Dump and chisel processing were characterized by higher grain yield. Chisel tillage provided better moisture accumulation compared to reverse ploughing. In spring, at the time of sowing grain crops in the layer of 0–15 cm, the reserves of productive moisture during chiselling were 145 mm, and during mouldboard processing 122.6 mm. Thus, chisel tillage for spring barley creates the best conditions for moisture supply and guarantees a high level of grain yield and significant profitability of production.

SENSITIVITY OF MAGNETOTELLURIC SOUNDINGS TO TYPICAL ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY ANOMALIES IN THE TECTONOSPHERE

A three-dimensional resistivity model is presented that contains electrical resistivity anomalies of a complex shape on three structural levels: in the sedimentary cover, in the consolidated earth’s crust and in the upper mantle. The synthetic (model) magnetotelluric data obtained as a result of solving the forward problem are analyzed to identify anomalies associated with resistivity inhomogeneities at various depths. Quantitative estimates of the sensitivity of various components of magnetotelluric data to these inhomogeneities are given. Further, we plan to use the presented data to evaluate the effectiveness of various methods for solving inverse problems.

Effect of Various Methods of Curing on Concrete Using Crusher Dust as Replacement to Natural Sand

AbstractThe present paper highlight upon research work is that curing is one of most important aspect of construction. The life of concrete and its serviceability depends heavily on curing. The method of curing applied on concrete will affect its final strength and durability. Owing to this fact this paper contains the research done on concrete under various curing methods. The standard method of curing concrete is done by water and results wastage of a lot of water. With the increase in the deficiency of availability of water, curing becomes a problem. Hence this research aims at providing better methods of curing which will not only improve the strength and durability of concrete but will also save water. The various methods that have been researched upon are plastic covered curing, addition of sodium silicate to curing water, and addition of curing compounds to curing water. The tests are carried on concrete with desirable strengths of M15 and M20. In this research the fine aggregate used in making of M15 and M20 concrete consists of a mixture of sand and crusher dust. Two mixes of ratio 50:50 and 60:40, sand to crusher dust have been taken and the effects of curing on these mixes are considered. Plastic curing is done by covering the concrete with plastic soon after demolding. Hence minimum water is required. The curing done by sodium silicate is done by adding 2% by weight of sodium silicate to curing water. Concrete is submerged in water containing sodium silicate. Once the concrete is cured, this water mix can be reused to cure freshly cast concrete, thereby saving more water. Curing by curing compounds is done in a similar way as that of curing with sodium silicate, only that instead of sodium silicate, curing compounds are used. The effect of these three methods on concrete is studied and discussions are made.

PUVA photochemotherapy for the patients with atopic dermatitis

PUVA therapy (photochemotherapy) has anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive and antiproliferative effects, which makes it possible to use it for the treatment of patients with chronic inflammatory skin diseases, including atopic dermatitis. At the same time, there are no summarized data on the results of PUVA therapy in patients with atopic dermatitis. In this regard, the effectiveness and safety of PUVA therapy in patients with atopic dermatitis was evaluated according to the scientific literature. Literature search was carried out using the keywords “atopic dermatitis” “PUVA therapy”, “photochemotherapy” in the databases of scientific publications PubMed and RSCI. The methods of irradiation used, as well as the effectiveness and safety of PUVA therapy in patients with atopic dermatitis were analyzed. 14 publications were found describing the results of 13 studies that evaluated the effectiveness of various methods of PUVA therapy in patients with atopic dermatitis — photochemotherapy with peroral use of a photosensitizer, photochemotherapy with its topical use, and PUVA baths. All studies have shown the effectiveness of PUVA therapy in patients with atopic dermatitis. Nevertheless, the limitations of using this method are noted — the possibility of the development of adverse events caused by ultraviolet irradiation and taking a photosensitizer, which requires a careful assessment of the benefit-risk ratio for the patient when prescribing PUVA therapy to patients with atopic dermatitis. According to the available literature data, PUVA therapy should be prescribed to adult patients with severe atopic dermatitis who have had insufficiently effective other therapy.

Myopia Control Combination to Slow The Progression of Myopia

Myopia is the most common refractive eye disorder in the world. Myopia is characterized by the inability of the eye to focus light on the retina, resulting in blurred distance vision. The purpose of this study is to understand the effectiveness of various methods or combinations of myopia control that can be used to slow or prevent the progression of myopia. This study used the Systematic Literature Review research method. The data collection technique in this study was carried out by literature study by exploring scientific journals, articles, books, and related publications contained in recognized databases, such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and so on. The data that has been collected is analyzed through three stages, namely data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing. The results showed that the combination of controls to slow myopia include orthokeratology, environmental modification, low-level red-light therapy, antimuscarinic agents, increasing outdoor time and combination therapy.

Analysis of the effectiveness of various methods of managing patients with endometriosis and justification for long-term personalized anti-relapse therapy with dydrogesterone as part of their combination treatment strategy

Analysis of the effectiveness of various methods of managing patients with endometriosis and justification for long-term personalized anti-relapse therapy with dydrogesterone as part of their combination treatment strategy

Современные возможности коррекции сексуальной дисфункции у женщин с неврологическими заболеваниями: обзор литературы

The purpose of the study is to analyze research publications on sexual dysfunction, modern possibilities of diagnosis and treatment of this condition in women with neurological diseases. Material and methods. The search for literary sources was carried out in the electronic databases PubMed Central, MEDLINE, Science Direct, Cochrane Library in the period from 2000 to 2023. Conclusions. Sexual dysfunction (SD) is a fairly common problem affecting on average about 60% of female patients suffering from various neurological diseases. The presence of SD significantly impairs physical, psychological and social parameters of women's health. The number of studies dealing with the problem of SD is quite limited. It should be noted that the development of differentiated comprehensive rehabilitation programs for patients with SD is a qualitatively new approach and is potentially effective in the management of SD. However, there is currently insufficient data for the application of complex methods of recovery and treatment of SD, which implies further study of the effectiveness of various methods of correction of SD in clinical trials.

The Role of Digital Technologies in Maintaining the Mental Health of Foreign Language Teachers

The article examines the complex and multifaceted role of digital technologies in maintaining and preserving the mental health of foreign language teachers. In the context of the constantly growing use of digital tools in the educational process, the study opens a discussion about how digitalization affects the efficiency, organization and quality of work of foreign language teachers. On the one hand, digital tools open up new horizons for pedagogical practice, giving teachers access to a variety of educational resources, innovative teaching methods, and tools for effective time and materials management. This, in turn, can contribute to an increase in overall efficiency and job satisfaction, as well as provide new opportunities for professional development. However, along with the benefits of digital technologies, the article also draws attention to their potential risks and negative consequences. In particular, it focuses on issues such as digital burnout caused by excessive use of technology, feelings of isolation due to the reduction of direct interpersonal contacts and the risk of information overload. The article examines how these factors can negatively affect the psychological well-being of foreign language teachers, causing stress and a decrease in professional motivation. The authors emphasize the importance of providing effective psychological support, which can be a key element in preventing and solving these problems. The paper also highlights the need for further research in this area, emphasizing the importance of developing new strategies and approaches that can contribute to a better understanding and resolution of digital challenges. In particular, the authors call for research into the effectiveness of various methods of psychological support, the study of the impact of digital technologies on various aspects of mental health, and the development of holistic programs that include digital literacy training, stress management strategies, and techniques for supporting social interaction. In general, the aim of these studies is not only to improve the quality of the professional life of foreign language teachers, but also to ensure their general well-being in a rapidly changing digital world. The authors emphasize that such research is important not only for maintaining the individual health of teachers, but also for ensuring the sustainable development of educational institutions as a whole.

Revolutionizing Greywater Treatment: Sustainable Methods for Urban Environments

The research paper investigates novel and environmentally friendly approaches to the treatment of greywater inside urban areas. Wastewater generally refers to the generally uncontaminated sewage coming from various domestic sources such as showers, sinks, washers and dryers, and kitchen appliances, serves as a remarkable and neglected asset. The objective of this investigation is to look into the possibility of greywater as an environmentally friendly water source, with a specific focus on urban areas. It aims to evaluate the effectiveness of various methods of treatment in order to optimize wastewater reuse. The effectiveness, affordability, and environmental consequences of these technologies are evaluated. The study further emphasizes the significance of wastewater treatment in minimizing water scarcity, reducing the demand on sewage infrastructures as well as encouraging equitable urban growth. This study combines theoretical investigations and real-life cases in order to provide a comprehensive examination of current developments and future possibilities in the field of greywater treatment. The results indicate that the incorporation of modern techniques for treating greywater can make a substantial contribution to the implementation of sustainable water management in urban areas. This progress can lead to the development of environmentally friendly cities and a more robust water infrastructure.

Comparative analysis of data augmentation methods for image modality

The object of research is forecasting processes in the case of short sets of tabular data. The subject of research is the data augmentation method for images. Achieving the goal occurs primarily from the study of existing machine learning tools and data augmentation methods for images. Further software development to implement various data augmentation methods and machine learning models for images. Approbation of the work was carried out by analyzing the effectiveness of various methods of data augmentation for images using quality metrics and statistical methods. Due to the results of the research, an analysis of the influence of various methods of data augmentation on the effectiveness of classifiers in images was carried out.

Study of the thermal protection characteristics of composite aerated concrete lintels when optimizing the life cycle of a building

The article is devoted to the study of the effectiveness of various methods of reinforcing composite aerated concrete lintels intended for window and door openings in the construction of civil buildings. The authors have developed a composite aerated concrete lintel for window and door openings, which includes two or three aerated concrete blocks and a seam at the ends made with polyurethane glue. The lintel reinforcement is made in the form of tape and parts of carbon fiber tape attached to aerated concrete blocks. The article provides a comparative analysis of various methods of reinforcing lintels made of aerated concrete, including steel rods and glass-composite reinforcement, as well as external tape reinforcement using carbon tapes. The results of the study allow us to conclude that external tape reinforcement with carbon fiber tapes is the most effective method. The most thermally efficient type of lintel reinforcement is external tape reinforcement with carbon fiber tapes, since the reduced heat transfer resistance is 6-10% higher than that of similar lintels with another type of reinforcement, and 10-28% higher than traditionally used lintels (reinforced solid lintels and composite U-shaped lintels).

Evaluating the Efficiency of Various Treatment Methods in Cattle Cutaneous Papillomatosis.

In this study, we compared the effectiveness of various methods used in the treatment of cattle with cutaneous papillomatosis. Ivermectin, Tarantula cubensis extract, levamisole, autovaccine, and a combination of T. cubensis extract + levamisole were administered to the animals. The animals were divided into six equal groups. Animals in the control group (n = 10) did not receive any treatment. The animals in the experimental group were administered Ivermectin [three times a week, n = 10, subcutaneous, (SC)], Tarantula cubensis extract (twice a week, n = 10, SC), autologous vaccine (three times at 10-day intervals, n = 10, SC), levamisole [twice at one-week intervals, n = 10, intramuscular (IM)], and levamisole + Tarantula cubensis extract (concurrently). All animals used in the study were monitored for three months at an interval of 15 days. No regression was detected in the papillomas of the control group animals, but recovery was recorded in animals treated with ivermectin at a rate of 70% (7/10), while it was 60% (6/10) in those treated with T. cubensis extract, 100% (10/10) in those treated with autovaccine, 50% (5/10) in those treated with levamisole, and 90% (9/10) in those treated with the combination of T. cubensis extract + levamisole. Significant differences were found between the control group and all treatment groups. Recovery mostly occurred within 45-60 days (P < 0.05). The five treatment modalities applied for the treatment of bovine cutaneous papillomatosis were statistically evaluated and all methods of treatment were effective at different rates. The most precise and effective treatment method was the autovaccine one.

The influence of the number and distribution of background points in presence-background species distribution models

Species distribution models (SDMs), which relate recorded observations (presences) and absences or background points to environmental characteristics, are powerful tools used to generate hypotheses about the biogeography, ecology, and conservation of species. Although many researchers have examined the effects of presence and background point distributions on model outputs, they have not systematically evaluated the effects of various methods of background point sampling on the performance of a single model algorithm across many species. Therefore, a consensus on the preferred methods of background point sampling is lacking. Here, we conducted presence-background SDMs for 20 vertebrate species in North America under a variety of background point conditions, varying the number of background points used, the size of the buffer used to constrain the background points around the occurrences, and the percentage of background points sampled within the buffer (“spatial weighting”). We evaluated the accuracy and transferability of the models using Boyce index, overlap with expert-generated range maps, and area overpredicted and underpredicted by the SDM (and AUC for comparability with other studies).SDM performance is highly dependent on the species modelled but is affected by the number and spread of background points. Models with little spatial weighting had high accuracy (overlap values), but extreme extrapolation errors and overprediction. In contrast, SDMs with high transferability (high Boyce index values and low overprediction) had moderate-to-high spatial weighting. These results emphasize the importance of both background points and evaluation metric selection in SDMs. For other, more successful metrics, using many background points with spatial weighting may be preferred for models with large extents. These results can assist researchers in selecting the background point parameters most relevant for their research question, allowing them to fine-tune their hypotheses on the distribution of species through space and time.