Effects Of Training Research Articles

Evaluating the effectiveness of video training for health professionals on the use of personal protective equipment

The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of video training for health workers on the use of personal protective equipment. A training video was prepared on the use of personal protective equipment against Covid-19. The effectiveness of the training was evaluated by comparing the pre-post-training scores obtained from the online application, questionnaire form, and self-assessment knowledge level form developed by the researchers. Video training and collection of research data were carried out through the online joint training module used in the relevant hospitals. The study was completed with 558 health workers. The findings showed that the participants' questionnaire form, self-assessment of knowledge level form, and the online application scores increased statistically significantly after the video training (p<0.001). The majority of the health workers (71.3% n=398) completed the application in a shorter time after the video training (p<0.001). A significant relationship was found between online application and questionnaire scores (p<0.05). The study showed that video training led to an increase in health workers' scores on the questionnaire form, online application and self-assessment forms. Video training can be used as an effective training method in pandemic periods when face-to-face training is undesirable due to the risk of transmission.

Job Satisfaction as a Mediation of Influence Work Training and Work Stress on Employee Performance (Case Study in Pejaten Ceramics Industry at Tabanan District)

This research aims to analyze job satisfaction as a mediating effect of training work and job stress on employee performance. The population and sample are totally 85 employees. Data collection techniques used in this study is to use a questionnaire with Likert Scale uses the model variance-based or component-based SEM, and PLS. This study showed job training has a positive and significant effect on performance employees. Work stress has a negative and insignificant effect on performance employees. Job training has a positive and significant effect on job satisfaction. Job stress has a negative and significant effect on job satisfaction employees. Work goals have a positive and significant effect on performance employees. Significant work mediates the effect of job training on employee performance. Significant work mediates the effect of work stress on performance.

Eight weeks of high-intensity interval vs. sprint interval training effects on overweight and obese adolescents carried out during the cool-down period of physical education classes: randomized controlled trial.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of sprint interval training (SIT) and [high intensive interval training (HIIT)] carried out during the cool-down period of the physical education classes on body composition, blood pressure variables (BP) and pulse rate (PR), and cardiorespiratory fitness of adolescents who are overweight and obese, and to compare the differences in enjoyment in response to SIT vs. HIIT. For this randomized controlled trial, forty-five adolescents were recruited from a high school and were randomly placed into three groups. SIT and HIIT trained for 8 weeks, twice a week, for 12 min/session. Experimental group (EG) 3 was the control, and they maintained their regular physical education class schedule. The SIT group performed 6 sets of 60 s of work (90-95%HRmax) / 60 s of rest (50-55%HRmax), and the HIIT group performed 3 sets of 2 min of work (80-85%HRmax) / 2 min of rest (50-55%HRmax). Both experimental groups showed a significant improvement in fat mass (FM) (%) and trunk FM (kg). In addition, EG2 reported a significance improvement in lean mass (kg), blood pressure BP (mmHG), systolic blood pressure (SBP) (mmHg), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (mmHg), PR (bpm), and VO2max (ml/kg/min). The present study found that a HIIT protocol performed during the cool-down period of the physical education classes generated adaptations such as improvement in body composition, BP variables and PR, and cardiorespiratory fitness, in overweight and obese adolescents. In contrast, the group of overweight and obese adolescents who performed SIT showed limited benefits, with changes in fat mass only.

Effect of the High-Intensity Interval Training on BDNF Level in Ischemic Stroke Rat Model on the Recovery of Motor Function

BACKGROUND: Stroke is one of the major causes of disability in the world. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is known as a novel treatment to promote stroke recovery. However, the results differ in their effects on irisin, which is a regulator of brain-delivered neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of HIIT on BDNF and irisin levels in a rat model of ischemic stroke with middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) induction on recovery motor function.METHODS: Rats were categorized into 4 groups: sham, MCAO, MCAO+moderate-intensity interval training (MIIT), and MCAO+HIIT. MCAO induction was performed to create the ischemic stroke rats model. The motor function was assessed through rotarod and footprint tests. Blood samples were obtained 6 days before MCAO and 14 days after MCAO to examine BDNF and irisin levels with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Brain tissue samples were collected 14 days after MCAO for histopathological examination of cortical tissue with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining.RESULTS: Rats in the MCAO+HIIT group exhibited an enhanced ability to walk on the rotarod (p=0.016). The stride-length hind paw right in the MCAO+HIIT group demonstrated a noteworthy increase in comparison to baseline value (p=0.036), and the stride-length fore paw right showed a significant increase in both the MCAO+HIIT (p=0.036) and MCAO groups (p=0.034). BDNF significantly improved in the MCAO+MIIT (p=0.043) and MCAO+HIIT groups (p=0.018). The irisin level only showed a significant enhancement in the MCAO+HIIT group (p=0.018).CONCLUSION: HIIT increased motor function, while BDNF level increased with HIIT and MIIT intervention. This preclinical research is useful for supporting the recovery of stroke patients by HIIT intervention.KEYWORDS: BDNF, HIIT, MIIT, irisin, ischemic stroke, MCAO

The effect of Strong's training on some health fitness variables among participants aged (25-30 years) at Zara Fitness Center

يمكن القول بأن نسبة انخفاض اللياقة الصحية مع زيادة الاعتماد على وسائل الراحة والرفاهية وقلة الحركة المتزايدة مع نمط غذائي تتوفر فيه كميات زائدة عن الحاجة من الطاقة التي يحتاجها الجسم فيزداد مع الوزن وبعض الامراض التي تؤثر على اللياقة الصحية من حيث الجانب الفسيولوجي والبدني ، وفي الاتجاه الآخر اصبحت ممارسة الأنشطة الرياضية أحد متطلبات الحياة الاساسية عند العديد من سيدات المجتمع ، وان الهدف البحث التعرف على تاثير تدريبات سترونغ على بعض متغيرات اللياقة الصحية لدى المشاركات بعمر (25-30سنة) في مركز زارا للرشاقة استخدمت الباحثة المنهج التجريبي ذو تصميم المجموعة التجريبية الواحدة ذات الأختبار القبلي والبعدي لملائمته طبيعة المشكلة وقامت الباحثة بأختبار العينة من المشاركات بالطريقة العمدية وتمثلت بمن تتراوح اعمارهم في (25-30 سنة) وطبقت الباحثة المنهج التدريبي على عينة عددها (7 مشاركات ) واشتملت على (24) وحدة تدريبية بواقع ثلاث وحدات اسبوعياً والشدة التدريبية تتراوح بين (70%- 95%) وتم تطبيق التدريبات بأسلوبي التدريب الفتري المرتفع والمنخفض الشدة ، وفي ضوء نتائج البحث استنتجت الباحثة أن تدريبات السترونغ كان لها الاثر الكبير في احداث تحسناً على متغيرات الدراسة الفسيولوجية (مؤثر كتلة الجسم ، مؤشر الكتلة الدهنية Vo2max ، السرعة القصوى الهوائية في ضوء هذه الاستنتاجات توصي الباحثة ضرورة استخدام تدريبات السترونغ في مراكز الرشاقة واللياقة الصحية الرياضية والعمل على زيادة وعي القائمين على العملية التدريبية والمشتركات بأهمية تدريبات السترونغ ، لما لها من فوائد فسيولوجية

Endurance Training Provokes Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy Phenotype in Heterozygous Desmoglein-2 Mutants: Alleviation by Preload Reduction

Desmoglein-2 mutations are detected in 5–10% of patients with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC). Endurance training accelerates the development of the ARVC phenotype, leading to earlier arrhythmic events. Homozygous Dsg2 mutant mice develop a severe ARVC-like phenotype. The phenotype of heterozygous mutant (Dsg2mt/wt) or haploinsufficient (Dsg20/wt) mice is still not well understood. To assess the effects of age and endurance swim training, we studied cardiac morphology and function in sedentary one-year-old Dsg2mt/wt and Dsg20/wt mice and in young Dsg2mt/wt mice exposed to endurance swim training. Cardiac structure was only occasionally affected in aged Dsg20/wt and Dsg2mt/wt mice manifesting as small fibrotic foci and displacement of Connexin 43. Endurance swim training increased the right ventricular (RV) diameter and decreased RV function in Dsg2mt/wt mice but not in wild types. Dsg2mt/wt hearts showed increased ventricular activation times and pacing-induced ventricular arrhythmia without obvious fibrosis or inflammation. Preload-reducing therapy during training prevented RV enlargement and alleviated the electrophysiological phenotype. Taken together, endurance swim training induced features of ARVC in young adult Dsg2mt/wt mice. Prolonged ventricular activation times in the hearts of trained Dsg2mt/wt mice are therefore a potential mechanism for increased arrhythmia risk. Preload-reducing therapy prevented training-induced ARVC phenotype pointing to beneficial treatment options in human patients.

Effects of Mindfulness Training on Emotional Reactivity

Abstract Background: Mindfulness, rooted in ancient practices, is being studied for its impact on emotion regulation and mental well-being. Objective: The study aimed to investigate whether there would be a significant change in reactivity to emotional stimuli following mindfulness-based training. This was assessed through two measures: a) self-perception of valence and arousal in evaluating images, and b) postural sway while visualizing these images. Methods: Fifty graduate students, divided into a training and a control group, participated in the study. They went through two data collection events, with the same collection procedure, and mindfulness-based training was offered to the training group between the collection events. These individuals were presented with pleasant, unpleasant, and neutral images and data was collected regarding the postural sway and individual evaluation of these images for valence (pleasant - unpleasant) and arousal (high - low). Data were compared using the repeated measures ANOVA statistical test. Results: The results pointed to a change in the postural pattern of the training group for the neutral images, indicating a more flexible posture, with greater exploration of the space in the standing position, and changes in the perception of arousal for unpleasant images, with a significant reduction in the mobilization of individuals who underwent the training. Conclusion: These are important results for the advancement of research, since the physiological measures are not subject to conscious manipulation by the participant. Keywords: Mindfulness, Emotional reactivity, Postural sway.

The Effect of Learning Style Preference, Clerkship Training and Role Model on Specialization Selection

Aim: The clerkship period in medical schools is an integrated learning experience that is also helpful in choosing a future career. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of both general surgery clerkshipship and awareness of learning styles on specialty preferences of medical students. Methods: In this study, which was planned as an educational intervention, a questionnaire questioning specialty preferences and a learning style scale were administered to fourth-year medical students before their general surgery clerkships. Following the questionnaire, brief training was given about specialty branches and learning styles. After the clerkship, the students were asked to answer the questionnaire again about their specialty preferences. Changes between clerkship training, learning style awareness and specialty preferences were evaluated. Results: One hundred eight students participated in the study (M:81, F:27). The mean age was 23.0. The most important factor in choosing a specialty is professional satisfaction (64%) with the work in that specialty. The approach of the trainers in the clerkship training (67%) was to focus on the most influential mind-changing factors for the choice of specialty. The most common learning styles among female students were kinesthetic and visual, while the most common learning style among male students was auditory. However, the learning style of students who preferred surgical branches was generally in the kinesthetic group. Conclusions: An effective clerkship program in which students encounter effective positive role models, gain knowledge about their field of specialization and learning styles, and increase their awareness will provide the right guidance in their specialization preferences.

The Effect of Action Observation Training on Balance and Cognition on the Elderly with Dementia

The Effect of Action Observation Training on Balance and Cognition on the Elderly with Dementia

Endurance Training Inhibits the JAK2/STAT3 Pathway to Alleviate Sarcopenia

Aging leads to a decrease in muscle function, mass, and strength in skeletal muscle of animals and humans. The transcriptome identified activation of the JAK/STAT pathway, a pathway that is associated with skeletal muscle atrophy, and endurance training has a significant effect on improving sarcopenia; however, the exact mechanism still requires further study. We investigated the effect of endurance training on sarcopenia. Six-month-old male SAMR1 mice were used as a young control group (group C), and the same month-old male SAMP8 mice were divided into an exercise group (group E) and a model group (group M). A 3-month running exercise intervention was performed on group E, and the other two groups were kept normally. Aging caused significant signs of sarcopenia in the SAMP8 mice, and endurance training effectively improved muscle function, muscle mass, and muscle strength in the SAMP8 mice. The expression of JAK2/STAT3 pathway factor was decreased in group E compared with group M, and the expression of SOCS3, the target gene of STAT3, and NR1D1, an atrophy-related factor, was significantly increased. Endurance training significantly improved the phenotypes associated with sarcopenia, and the JAK2/STAT3 pathway is a possible mechanism for the improvement of sarcopenia by endurance training, while NR1D1 may be its potential target. Keywords: Sarcopenia • Endurance training • Janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (JAK2/STAT3) • Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 • group D member 1 (Nr1d1)

Effectiveness of virtual reality-based oral muscle strength training on oral function in older adults

Objectives: This study aimed to develop a virtual reality (VR)-based oral strength training program and apply it to older adults to assess improvements in oral function. Methods: The oral strength training was conducted 12 times over 6 weeks, from late August to early October 2023, at the participants’ institution. Each session lasted approximately 60 minutes. Forty-one participants aged 65 and older were randomly assigned to either the intervention or control group. Results: Following the VRbased oral muscle strength training, the O’Leary index decreased by 0.42 (p<0.01), and the Löe & Silness index decreased by 1.11 (p<0.01). Additionally, there was a 1.24 reduction in tongue tie (p<0.01) and a 0.55 increase in salivation (p<0.05). Post hoc comparisons revealed significant differences between the two groups in gingival bacterial film (p<0.001), gingivitis (p<0.001), and tongue plaque (p<0.01). Conclusions: The study found that VR-based oral muscle strength training can improve oral health among older adults. Therefore, the VR-based oral muscle strength training program developed in this study could be beneficial in health promotion programs for the elderly.

Core training for pain management and functional improvement in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

To investigate the effects of core strengthening exercises on pain, mobility, and lower extremity muscle strength in patients with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome (PFP). Six databases were searched from inception until August 11, 2023. Pain, function and muscle strength related outcomes were extracted and the quality of the studies was assessed using the PEDro scale and the level of evidence was assessed using the GRADE. Nineteen studies involving 1138 patients were included. Very low-grade evidence supported the short-term pain-relieving effect of core training (SMD = -0.60 95% CI [-0.95, -0.25]), high-grade evidence supported the short-term functional improvement effects of core training (WMD = 3.61 95% CI [1.44, 5.78]), which was similarly significant within 3-12 months of follow-up. The results of the subgroup analyses suggested that hip-knee training was most advantageous in relieving pain and enhancing motor function. Although training that includes trunk core is clearly superior to knee strengthening alone, the effectiveness of hip-knee training, which is also a core training program for pain and function, is more pronounced. The available evidence supports that hip-knee training is the most valuable treatment option for patients with PFP.

The Influence of Motivation, Training and Communication on the Performance of PT Kereta Api Commuter Indonesia Employees at Tangerang Station

The basic principles of management are a decision-making process related to planning, organizing, directing and monitoring to achieve organizational goals. The aim of this research is to determine the effect of motivation, training and communication on the performance of PT Kereta Api Commuter Indonesia employees at Tangerang Station. The sample taken in this study was 60 people using non-probability sampling with a saturated sampling technique. Quantitative descriptive and verification are the analytical methods used in this research. Data collection techniques through questionnaires, observation, interviews and literature study. This research uses multiple linear regression data analysis. The results of this research are that motivation, training and communication have a positive and significant effect on employee performance both simultaneously and partially. The most dominant factor influencing employee performance at PT Kereta Api Commuter Indonesia at Tangerang Station is motivation. Therefore, companies must pay more attention to factors that can increase employee motivation.

The Influence of Exercise on Cancer Risk, the Tumor Microenvironment and the Treatment of Cancer.

There are several modifiable factors that can be targeted to prevent and manage the occurrence and progression of cancer, and maintaining adequate exercise is a crucial one. Regular physical exercise has been shown to be a beneficial strategy in preventing cancer, potentially amplifying the effectiveness of established cancer therapies, alleviating certain cancer-related symptoms, and possibly mitigating side effects resulting from treatment. Nevertheless, the exact mechanisms by which exercise affects tumors, especially its impact on the tumor microenvironment (TME), remain uncertain. This review aims to present an overview of the beneficial effects of exercise in the context of cancer management, followed by a summary of the exercise parameters, especially exercise intensity, that need to be considered when prescribing exercise for cancer patients. Finally, we discuss the influence of exercise on the TME, including its effects on crucial immune cells (e.g., T cells, macrophages, neutrophils, natural killer cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, B cells), intratumor angiogenesis, and cancer metabolism. This comprehensive review provides up-to-date scientific evidence on the effects of exercise training on cancer and offers guidance to clinicians for the development of safe and feasible exercise training programs for cancer patients in clinical practice.

APPLICATION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS: FOREIGN EXPERIENCE

The purpose of this article is to study the application of artificial intelligence in higher education institutions in foreign countries. The article provides an overview of various tools for using artificial intelligence in the educational environment, reveals examples of successful implementation of digital technologies in higher education institutions, and outlines the shortcomings that should be taken into account when introducing artificial intelligence into educational practice. Methodology. The study used a set of complementary methods based on the principles of general scientific methodology: theoretical methods of analysis, synthesis and generalisation of works corresponding to the stated topic. Theoretical analysis allowed the identification of theoretical concepts, models and technologies used to support the educational process. The method of synthesis enabled the information obtained to be put into a systematic and comprehensible form. By synthesising different sources and data, a general idea of how artificial intelligence can be used in modern education was formed. The method of synthesis helped to build a system of existing knowledge and experience in this area and identify new areas of research. Results. The creation of individualised experiences using artificial intelligence and machine learning has been shown to tailor learning to the individual characteristics of the student, increasing the effectiveness of training. Personalised learning technologies are used to improve the learning process through data mining and the provision of personalised information. Personalised learning can also use methods such as games and virtual activities to make the learning process more interesting and engaging. Disadvantages include insufficient technological development, lack of personal contact, limited AI in the curriculum, limited creativity and flexibility of systems, algorithmic discrimination and loss of skills. Despite these shortcomings, it is noted that the use of intelligent learning systems and adaptive technologies allows for the personalisation of learning based on the individual characteristics of each student, which contributes to more effective training. It is important to find an optimal balance between the traditional approach to learning and the use of the latest learning technologies that will contribute to successful and productive learning. Practical implications include the importance of personalising learning with the help of intelligent systems, the need to find a balance between traditional and modern methods, taking into account the shortcomings of technology implementation, continuing research and developing partnerships for the successful implementation of artificial intelligence in educational practice. Value/Оriginality. The paper proposes specific methods and examples of artificial intelligence application in education, analyses the shortcomings of this process and provides practical recommendations for its further improvement.

The Effect of 12-Week Psychological Skills Training on Coping Skills and Performance Strategies in High School Volleyball Players

This study aims to analyze the effect of Psychological Skills Training (PST), which includes goal setting, imagery, relaxation, and self-talk, on high school volleyball team players in terms of athletes’ ability to cope with sportive problems and selected performance strategies. The study groups for this research were determined in two steps. In the first step, high schools in Mersin's central districts and those carrying out educational activities with the same curriculum were reviewed so that the study groups would have similar characteristics. With the purposeful sampling method, nine Anatolian High schools located in non-vocational Anatolian type-high schools and preparing for competitions in volleyball, a young female category was determined, and two of these high schools were suitable for the study. In the second step, two high school teams were assigned as experimental groups (n = 14) and control groups (n = 14) by drawing lots. The mean ages of the participants were 14.93 (SD = .730) and 15.14 (SD = .770) for the experimental and control groups, respectively. The Personal Information Form, Coping Scale with Sports Problems (ACSI-28), and Performance Strategies Test (TOPS) were used as data collection tools. In the data analysis, a two-factor ANOVA test was used for mixed measurements. As a result, it was found that PST carried out in the school environment has no effect on athletes' ability to cope with sports problems or performance strategies other than imagery in training.

The Effect of Disaster Training on Teachers Candidates' Perception of Disaster Awareness

Turkiye frequently experiences disasters that negatively affect human life in terms of various aspects. Therefore, teacher candidates who will teach future generations should be educated about raising disaster awareness. In this study, the effect of the disaster awareness training given by AFAD on the disaster perceptions, and awareness levels of teacher candidates were studied. In the research convenience sampling method was adopted. 58 teacher candidates, 44 females and 14 males, participated in the study which was designed in the “Single Group Pre-Test - Post-Test” model. Teacher candidates took disaster training for 12 hours in two courses. After the training, there was a partial increase in disaster awareness levels. However, the results showed that having received disaster training before or having experienced a disaster did not make a significant difference in disaster awareness. A disaster education course, including practice, can be integrated into undergraduate programs of education faculties.

Perceptions of and preparedness for cross-cultural care: a survey of final-year medical students in Ireland

BackgroundMigration is increasing globally, and societies are becoming more diverse and multi-ethnic. Medical school curricula should prepare students to provide high-quality care to all individuals in the communities they serve. Previous research from North America and Asia has assessed the effectiveness of medical cultural competency training, and student preparedness for delivery of cross-cultural care. However, student preparedness has not been explored in the European context. The aim of this study was to investigate how prepared final-year medical students in the Republic of Ireland (ROI) feel to provide care to patients from other countries, cultures, and ethnicities. In addition, this study aims to explore students’ experiences and perceptions of cross-cultural care.MethodsFinal-year medical students attending all six medical schools within the ROI were invited to participate in this study. A modified version of the Harvard Cross-Cultural Care Survey (CCCS) was used to assess their preparedness, skill, training/education, and attitudes. The data were analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics 28.0, and Fisher’s Exact Test was employed to compare differences within self-identified ethnicity groups and gender.ResultsWhilst most respondents felt prepared to care for patients in general (80.5%), many felt unprepared to care for specific ethnic patient cohorts, including patients from a minority ethnic background (50.7%) and the Irish Traveller Community (46.8%). Only 20.8% of final-year students felt they had received training in cross-cultural care during their time in medical school. Most respondents agreed that they should be assessed specifically on skills in cultural competence whilst in medical school (83.2%).ConclusionsA large proportion of final-year medical students surveyed in Ireland feel inadequately prepared to care for ethnically diverse patients. Similarly, they report feeling unskilled in core areas of cross-cultural care, and a majority agree that they should be assessed on aspects of cultural competency. This study explores shortcomings in cultural competency training and confidence amongst Irish medical students. These findings have implications for future research and curricular change, with opportunities for the development of relevant educational initiatives in Irish medical schools.

Obesity-induced skeletal muscle remodeling: A comparative analysis of exercise training and ACE-inhibitory drug in male mice.

Obesity over-activates the classical arm of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), impairing skeletal muscle remodeling. We aimed to compare the effect of exercise training and enalapril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, on RAS modulation in the skeletal muscle of obese animals. Thus, we divided C57BL/6 mice into two groups: standard chow (SC) and high-fat (HF) diet for 16 weeks. At the eighth week, the HF-fed animals were divided into four subgroups-sedentary (HF), treated with enalapril (HF-E), exercise training protocol (HF-T), and combined interventions (HF-ET). After 8 weeks of treatment, we evaluated body mass and index (BMI), body composition, exercise capacity, muscle morphology, and skeletal muscle molecular markers. All interventions resulted in lower BMI and attenuation of overactivation in the classical arm, while favoring the B2R in the bradykinin receptors profile. This was associated with reduced apoptosis markers in obese skeletal muscles. The HF-T group showed an increase in muscle mass and expression of biosynthesis markers and a reduction in expression of degradation markers and muscle fiber atrophy due to obesity. These findings suggest that the combination intervention did not have a synergistic effect against obesity-induced muscle remodeling. Additionally, the use of enalapril impaired muscle's physiological adaptations to exercise training.

Building Confidence and Competence: The Effects of Early Career Coaching and Research Training on Student Research Perspectives

Building Confidence and Competence: The Effects of Early Career Coaching and Research Training on Student Research Perspectives