Effective Use Of Renewable Energy Research Articles

Machine Learning-Driven Wind Energy Forecasting for Sustainable Development

The growing need for energy, in addition to the depletion of fossil fuel supply, has underlined the importance of renewable energy for long-term growth. Renewable energy stands out among these, but its broad usage is hampered by the inherent uncertainty of wind power generation. This study uses machine learning to predict wind energy yield. Several regression models were used, including decision tree regression, linear regression, and random forest regression. The results emphasize the random forest regression, which has a high R-squared score, suggesting strong predictive ability. The paper also contains wind power output projections, which provide insights for optimal wind energy planning and usage. Overall, this attempt gives vital insights to improving the effective use of renewable energy, advancing the cause of sustainable development.

Simulation Analysis of Electricity Demand and Supply in Japanese Communities Focusing on Solar PV, Battery Storage, and Electricity Trading

This study analyzes how the electricity demand and supply constitutions affect electricity independence and power trading within a community and between a community and a grid through simulation analysis. To that aim, we create a simulation model equipped with a community-building function and trading capability. We first construct a community consisting of various types of residential and industrial consumers, and renewable power plants deployed in the community. Residential and industrial consumers are characterized by a state of family/business and ownership and the use of energy equipment such as rooftop solar PV and stationary battery storage in their homes/offices. Consumers’ electricity demand is estimated from regression analyses using training data. Using the hypothetical community constructed for the analysis, the simulation model performs rule-based electricity trading and provides outputs comprising the total electricity demand in the community, the state of use of battery storage and solar PV, the trading volume, and the electricity independence rate of the community. From the simulation results, we discuss policy implications on the effective use of renewable energy and increasing electricity independence by fully utilizing battery and trading functions in a community.

Regulation of Incentives for Use of Renewable Energy at the Level of Regional Legislation in Federal States, Using the Russian Federation as an Example

Effective use of renewable energy requires a system of energy legislation that meets modern challenges. Although, in large countries, climate and socioeconomic factors in different regions can significantly vary and can affect the regional legislation regulating renewable energy sources, careful reproduction of good practices and successful experiences of other regions are a good basis for the development of legislation. The comparative method of legal research was the main method used to achieve the objectives set in this study. Based on the results, a number of recommendations were developed to consolidate and expand the powers of regional regulators in the field of renewable energy, to include an economic assessment of the effectiveness of state programs, to use tax incentives for renewable energy projects, and to introduce restrictions on the use of petroleum products. Recommendations were also made to improve regional legislation on renewable energy sources in terms of legal techniques. Further development of this study would contribute to the improvement of regional legal regulation and would accelerate the transition to “green” energy.

Simple Diagnosis of Lifetime Characteristics of Used Automotive Storage Battery Cells

In constructing a nanogrid for the effective use of renewable energy, such as solar power, the use of storage batteries is considered as a stabilizer for capturing renewable energy and outputting it in an energy-saving manner. Storage batteries that are included in a battery management system that includes their reuse in a vehicle are expected to be discharged into the market in large quantities over their long lifetime. Storage battery modules obtained from an unspecified number of electric vehicles (EVs), hybrid vehicles (HVs) and plug-in hybrid vehicles (PHVs) will vary in their charge/discharge capacity from module to module and it is crucial to determine the stability in terms of the state of charge and the state of health of the modules before their reuse. However, in an automotive storage battery module, multiple battery cells are connected in series or in parallel, and there is no established method of managing the variation in the output of each battery cell. Therefore, in this study, we propose an accurate charge–discharge state estimation technique for each cell using impedance characteristic evaluation based on an electrochemical method as a simple and quick method of grasping the charge–discharge performance of storage batteries equipped in a vehicle.

Construction of biomass waste derived hierarchical porous biochar framework based lithium hydroxide composites for highly efficient and durable low temperature thermochemical heat storage

By virtue of its prominent properties of remarkable storage capability, achievable long-lasting storage period and extraordinary energy retention performance, salt hydrate-based thermochemical heat storage materials have become one of the most viable options for the effective use of renewable energy. Herein, a brand-new LiOH composite is demonstrated by adopting the strategy of compositing LiOH into a biomass waste-derived hierarchical porous biochar matrix and systematically characterized. The as-formed composites have exceptional hydration behavior while demonstrating superb storage capability up to 1865.7 kJ kg −1 attributed to the hierarchically porous framework with a large surface area. Furthermore, the LiOH composite with dramatically boosted thermal conductivity is able to achieve 91% energy retention after 15 cycles, elucidating its terrific cycle reliability as well as distinguished heat transfer properties. This research not only provides a valuable approach to synthesize the superb biochar materials and make the most of low-grade thermal energy, but may also inspire new ideas of turning waste into treasure to solve the predicament of renewable energy storage . • Biomass waste derived biochar framework is fabricated through a two-stage activation. • The biochar host matrix presents ultrahigh surface area with diversified porosity. • Li/BCM1(K4) exhibit remarkable storage capability and hydration performance. • Li/BCM1(K4)-40 shows excellent cycle reliability and heat transfer properties.

Evaluation of the Ability to Contribute to Local Production and Local Consumption of PV by Charging Schedule Optimization Considering Phased Electrification of Buses

Electric vehicles (EVs) and photovoltaics (PV) are increased around the world. In transportation networks, effective use of renewable energy to EV is required, while in power networks, local production and local consumption of PV energy is required mainly at the initiative of local governments. Although many previous studies address these issues using private EVs as a mobile storage resource, their uncertainty and uncontrollability are major issues. In this paper, we focus on public electric buses, which can be centrally controlled with less uncertainty. A sector coupling model is constructed by combining a power system model obtained from actual power flow data and a bus operation model obtained from detailed bus operation data. Then, the proposed optimization method for the bus charging schedule based on mixed integer linear programming minimizes the outflow of PV energy to other regions and maximizes the local production and local consumption. In particular, as a demonstration case, 4-steps of phased electrification in a bus company were evaluated. In the simulation, a reduction in PV outflow of 14,087kWh was confirmed in the case of 100% electrified buses. As the result, the potential of environmental contribution was clarified for long-term bus electrification planning which is also expected to be applied to the environmental policy of various scale communities.

Multipurpose Charging Schedule Optimization Method for Electric Buses: Evaluation Using Real City Data

The use of electric vehicles (EVs) and photovoltaics (PV) is increasing worldwide. Transportation networks require the effective use of renewable energy (RE) for EVs, while power networks require local consumption of PV energy, mainly at the initiative of local governments. Although many previous studies have addressed these requirements using private EVs as mobile storage resources, their uncertainty and uncontrollability are major issues. Therefore, our previous studies focused on electric buses having high controllability and certainty, and developed and evaluated two independent minimization problems of kilowatts (KW) and kilowatt-hours (KWH) of surplus RE, as a charging schedule optimization method using mixed integer linear programming. However, there were still technical issues regarding the simultaneous feasibility of KW and KWH minimization. This study aims to extend and generalize a method for the simultaneous minimization of KW and KWH of the PV-derived reverse power flow (RPF). With this multiobjective optimization, the KW peak-cut of the RPF improves the hosting capacity and expands the amount of connectable RE resources, while the minimization of KWH promotes the local consumption of RE and realization of decarbonized public transportation. Through two simulations using detailed actual bus operation data and actual power flow data for a real city, the feasibility of simultaneously optimizing KW and KWH and the relationship between these indicators and number of EV chargers were confirmed. The optimized charging of the 17 electric buses achieved a maximum of 211.4 kW peak-cut and 1318.4 kWh RE-RPF absorption, in which reduced CO2 emissions by 495.7 kg-CO2/day.

Bidding Agents for PV and Electric Vehicle-Owning Users in the Electricity P2P Trading Market

As the world strives to decarbonize, the effective use of renewable energy has become an important issue, and P2P power trading is expected to unlock the value of renewable energy and encourage its adoption by enabling power trading based on user needs and user assets. In this study, we constructed a bidding agent that optimizes bids based on electricity demand and generation forecasts, user preferences for renewable energy (renewable energy-oriented or economically oriented), and owned assets in a P2P electricity trading market, and automatically performs electricity trading. The agent algorithm was used to evaluate the differences in trading content between different asset holdings and preferences by performing power sharing in a real scale environment. The demonstration experiments show that: EV-owning and economy-oriented users can trade more favorably in the market with a lower average execution price than non-EV-owning users; forecasting enables economy-enhancing moves to store nighttime electricity in batteries in advance in anticipation of future power generation and market prices; EV-owning and renewable energy-oriented users can trade more favorably in the market with other users. EV-owning and renewable energy-oriented users can achieve higher RE ratios at a cost of about +1 yen/kWh compared to other users. By actually issuing charging and discharging commands to the EV and controlling the charging and discharging, the agent can control the actual use of electricity according to the user’s preferences.

Strategies to Improve Urban Energy Efficiency for Urban Resilience

Greenhouse gas (GHG), which is a determining factor in climate change is a result of human activities, namely climate change is human-caused (anthropogenic). Cities, where 60% of the world's population of approximately 7.3 billion living today, are responsible for 60-80% consumption of energy, which is the lifeblood of intense human activities, thus at least 70% of GHG. Nevertheless, cities are the cause of climate change and other global environmental problems, as well as the innovation centres and laboratories to deal with their impact. With climate change becoming more explicit and active in the 21st century, researchers, governments and international institutions question cities’ strength/vulnerability against these problems, especially their energy production and consumption patterns that cause GHG, and they anticipate that urban resilience be the motivating force for urban policies. The widespread and effective use of renewable energy is regarded as an influential tool against climate change. However, this should be endorsed by spatial strategies. In the light of this approach, this study evaluates the urban form, building design and production technologies that are focused on energy efficiency and renewable energy use.

The Comprehensive study of Titanium oxide doped Conducting polymers nanocomposites for Photovoltaic applications

ABSTRACT To make the effective use of renewable energy, high performance, low-cost, and eco-friendly energy conversion devices are topic of intense research. Effect of addition of TiO2 on photovoltaic performance of polymers was studied. The significant enhancement in % η was observed after addition of TiO2 in Polyaniline. The Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is n-type semiconductor with mechanical flexibility, and its conductivity can be modified by doping with PANi (p-type) to obtain high current by exciton separation at TiO2/PANi interface. The value of % η (10.47%) for TiO2-Polyaniline composite is found to be highest.

Optimization Technique for the Evaluation of Physiochemical Properties of Cationic Surfactant in Presence of Alkali / Metal Halide Salt and their Effects on Acidic Crude Oil

Despite the considerable progress in the safe and effective use of renewable energy, oil is still the world's first choice as an energy source. Meanwhile, after the traditional oil recovery methods, a large quantity of crude oil remains deposited in the oil well. The chemical enhances oil recovery method implies the injection of surfactants to increase oil recovery. The basic principle of surfactant flooding is to decrease the imbalance tension force to increase the mobility ratio of oil. In this study, extensive lab work has been done to identify the synergic effect of surfactant, alkali, and salt on acidic crude oil. The design expert generated the composition of the injection fluid, and the obtained results in terms of viscosity, surface tension, pH, and conductivity are reported in this paper. Also, the optimum point or the concentration combination of surfactant, alkali, and salt generated by the design expert has the maximum effect on the acidic crude oil. A remarkable decline was noticed in the acidic crude and surface tension's viscosity at an optimum point. In contrast, an increase in pH and conductivity of acidic oil was observed. The results reported herein correspond to a significant understanding of the interaction of surfactant-alkali and salt solution with acidic crude and change in the crude oil properties.

Power Control Framework for Green Data Centers

In recent years, renewable energy, such as wind and photovoltaic electric power has been increasingly integrated into data center power provisioning systems to address high energy consumption of data centers. However, in reality, the intermittency and randomness of renewable energy (power supply fluctuation) is detrimental to the reliable operation of sophisticated IT equipment in those so-called green data centers. In this article, we address the problem of data center power regulation explicitly taking into account the unreliability and instability of renewable energy sources. To this extent, we design a novel data center power control framework that smoothens the power fluctuation and instability of renewable energy sources. The core of our framework is two power regulation optimization algorithms. In particular, a server workload scheduling algorithm deals with high frequency fluctuations while an Uninterruptable Power Supply (UPS) power regulation algorithm handles low frequency and large extent power fluctuations. These algorithms are also designed to satisfy service level agreement (SLA) and standby power supply capacity. We have conducted an extensive evaluation study using trace data of a real data center of 30000-node cluster with 50 x 250 UPS battery groups and 24-hour power generation data from real wind farm and photovoltaic power station. The experimental results show our framework effectively smoothens fluctuations of data center power supply, more effective use of renewable energy, and extend the UPS batteries’ lives to reduce the skyrocketed data center operating expenses.

THE ROLE OF INTELLECTUAL HUMAN CAPITAL, HUMAN RESOURCE PRACTICES AND INTENTION TO USE OF ENERGY RESOURCES ON THE COMPANY PERFORMANCE

ABSTRACT The study aimed to analyze the relationship between the performance of companies and human capital with the help of moderating role of intention to use of renewable energy through various modes while providing an eminent view of the literature. The approach of quantitative has been used by this study. While reviewing the literature, the permitted issues are covered into three categories which were neglected previously: human capital analysis – relationships of management performance along with the intention to use of renewable energy, measuring and defining of human and intellectual capital, and HRM. Intention to use renewable energy significantly and positively moderates among the relationship between intellectual human capital, and the company’s performance. The results of this study are pertinent to the relationship among various aspects of human resources and performance of companies which were lately experienced in rapid developments. These findings provided the guidelines to the policymakers that they should provide the focus on the formulation of the policies related to the intellectual human capital and effective use of renewable energy that enhance the company performance. Keywords: Human Capital, Human Resources Management, Management Performance, Intentions to Use Renewable Energy

A multi-objective optimization dispatching and adaptability analysis model for wind-PV-thermal-coordinated operations considering comprehensive forecasting error distribution

Developing clean energy power generation is one of the main strategies to promote a sustainable economy. With the development of clean coal power technology, it is necessary to make full use of existing power generation resources instead of blindly building renewable power plants. For this reason, a dispatching model based on renewable energy forecasting errors is proposed in this paper to analyze the operation of the existing power supply. The contributions of this paper include a comprehensive forecasting error model, constructed to introduce wind and photovoltaic (PV) power forecasting errors into the dispatching system, as well as a dynamic spinning reserve (SR) model, constructed based on conditional value at risk, which analyses the SR model at different risk levels. An adaptive analysis model is also introduced to verify stability when additional errors occur in both the renewable energy output and the load demand. The optimization model was applied to the auxiliary power dispatching system of the Tianzhong ±800 kV ultra-high voltage direct current transmission channel in Xinjiang. The results show that (1) renewable energy forecasting errors have a significant effect on the SR. By separately constraining the SR, the total SR is reduced by 6.59%; (2) through the optimization of the SR, the output ranges of the thermal power unit are expanded, and the utilization rate goes up to 73.55%; (3) it is important to set an appropriate risk level when dispatching decision making. Setting low-risk levels will make the power system unable to deal with sudden failures, whereas setting high-risk levels will limit the effective use of renewable energy.

Hybrid Energy Storage System Composed of Electric and Hydrogen Energy Storage Systems Suitable for Large-Capacity Emergency Power Supply and Effective Use of Renewable Energy

Hybrid Energy Storage System Composed of Electric and Hydrogen Energy Storage Systems Suitable for Large-Capacity Emergency Power Supply and Effective Use of Renewable Energy

The Development of Li Batteries

For effective use of renewable energy it must be coupled to energy storage devices with high efficiencies. One such technology is a battery, where the stored chemical energy can be converted into the electrical energy through the electrochemical reactions. We started the Li battery studies since 2002. Currently, our research covers the Li-ion batteries, Li-S batteries, Li-O2 batteries, and all-solid-state batteries. Here, I will present some results relating to the electrode materials, electrolyte, and electrode achitectures in our group. We reported the Li-ion battery based on LiFePO4 cathode, which exhibits a good cyclability of 5,000 cycles and a considerable capacity retation of 90 % at -40℃. This novel type battery has been industied and applied for electric vehicles in the low temperature region. The NMC ternary battery and high-voltage battery based on LiNi0.5Mn1.5O2 are also introduced. Besides the cathode, some promising results relating to the anode part will be also introduced, including the graphene and VPO4/rGO. For Li-S battery, we firstly present a novel cathode of Mo2C nanorods-S composite, which exhibits a much lower capacity decay of 0.058 % per cycle at 2 C over 500 cycles. Additionally, the carbon-based separator decorated by red phsphorus nanoparticles for Li-S battery will be also introduced, which displays a good rate performance and a considerable cyclability of 500 cycles with 730 mAh/g. For Li-O2 battery, we reported the yolk-shell Co2CrO4 nanospheres as highly active catalysts. Based on the experimental results and DFT calculations, a direct evidence of Co2CrO4 employment being linked to the Li2O2 morphology was firstly provided and a catalytic mechanism was proposed. In addition, a 3D foam-like composite composing of Mo2C nanorods decorated by different amount of N-doped carbon was directly employed as the O2 electrode without applications of any binder and current collector. The fundamental information about the key factors and steps involved in the Li2O2 formation and decomposition was revealed. We will also introduce a flexible, self-standing, and binder-free O2 electrode by growing the flower-like MoS2 microspheres with sulfur deficiencies onto the CTs (Def-MoS2@CTs). Futhermore, I will introduce a novel electrolyte of a binary mixtures of highly concentrated tetraglyme electrolyte (HCG4) and 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl ether (TTE) for the Li-O2 battery, which exhibits good wettability, enhanced ionic conductivity, considerable non-flammability, and high electrochemical stability. For all-solid-state battery, we will introduce a solid polyer electrolyte based on poly(ethylene oxide), which shows a superior electrochemical property with a decent lithium transference number of 0.35, a wide electrochemical stability window above 5 V vs. Li+/Li, and a low interfacial resistance. In addition, a triblock copolymer polystyrene-poly (ethylene glycol)-polystyrene (PS-PEG-PS) as the polymer electrolyte for all-solid-state battery will be also introduced, which displays a highly electrochemical stability and a considerable cyclability. Besides some fundermental results, I would like to introduce some industry-level developments in our pilot-line of batteries, because we cooperated with some enterprises of electric vehicles in China since 2009. I would like to apply an oral presentation if possible. Thanks for your consideration. Figure 1

Enhanced Performance of Ti/Mn Redox Flow Battery

Large-scale batteries play an important role in the effective use of renewable energy like wind and solar power. Redox flow batteries (RFBs) offer high-speed response, independent design of power and energy, and high safety advantages, which have attracted much attention. RFBs consist of tanks of electrolyte that store chemical energy and electrochemical cells that reversibly convert chemical energy to electricity. Various RFBs can be classified into aqueous RFBs and non-aqueous RFBs, according to the electrolyte. Among aqueous RFBs, all-vanadium RFBs are the most mature technology and have been used in practical applications. We have reported a Ti (IV) and Mn (II) mixed aqueous electrolyte which is applied for a Ti/Mn RFB. The aqueous Ti/Mn RFB shows a high energy density of 23.5kWh/m3 [1], and provides a low-cost option. The precipitation of MnO2 particles generated from instable Mn3+ ion can be greatly suppressed by mixing Ti and Mn for both positive and negative electrolytes [2]. However, the current density (50mA/cm2) remained low and needed to be improved. In the previous study, we succeeded to enhance the reactivity of both positive and negative electrodes by the thermal treatment of carbon electrodes. The full-cell performance was improved to the energy efficiency of 83.2% at 100mA/cm2 [3]. For further enhancement of the cell performance, the resistivity of the membrane also needs to be considered. In this study, we investigate various ion exchange membranes for the Ti/Mn RFB. Some membrane samples are pretreated to achieve lower resistivity. The improved cell performance is confirmed with the appropriate membrane. We will also discuss the ion crossover and the coulombic efficiency of various membranes. In addition, the cell performance is affected by the state of the precipitation of MnO2 in the Ti/Mn RFB. The condition of the electrolyte (SOC, MnO2precipitation, flow rate, etc.) should be considered at the same time. The cell components and the electrolyte condition will be discussed comprehensively in the presentation.

Net-zero emission residential building in temperate weather condition

Residential load consumes a significant amount of grid energy for electrical and heating or cooling application. Greenhouse gas (GHG) emission or equivalent CO2 emission is the direct or indirect effect from either form of these energy uses. Energy demand is increasing with the addition of various new home appliances and energy price is also going up. Various initiatives can be taken to reduce energy demand. However the best way is by improving energy efficiency and that eventually reduces the emission. Using renewable energy (RE) to support local load demand is another approach to reduce CO2 emission. However effective use of RE depends on the climatic condition and synchronization of load-demand and local generation. Although unmatched energy from local RE generation can be sold back to the grid, the same amount of energy has to be purchased from the grid at higher cost. When the overall total amount of GHG emission in a year can be balanced by improving energy efficiency and by increasing local RE generation the condition of the house can be termed as zero emission house. This paper investigates the possibility of net-zero emission house in temperate weather condition in Geelong, Australia considering the cost of all relevant components. It was found that net-zero emission building can be implemented and can effectively reduce a total of 44 Mt of CO2 emission in a year from all 9 million residential buildings in Australia.

Remarkable CO2 Reduction of the Fixed Point Fishing Plug-in Hybrid Boat

It is quantitatively shown that this fishing system using a plug-in hybrid fishing boat (PHEB) provides an outstanding CO₂ reduction performance of more than 80 % compared with the simple diesel engine operation. This research has been conducted at the fishing area around a detached fishing island, Nushima, Japan. Based on the actual fuel consumption patterns of fishing by the fishermen, the quantitative analysis of daily fuel consumption was performed. The remarkable reduction of oil consumption is due to the high efficiency of the electric motor and the idling stop function during fixed fishing operation. The population of Nushima is 500 and 162 fishing boats are in daily operation. Among them, 117 boats (72 %) are working daily as a kind of fixed point fishing. When the access velocity and the return velocity of 30 minutes totally is decided, the daily fuel consumption by fixed position fishing is determined. It is also determined based on the actual fishing data that fixed point fishing is 8 hours daily in average. Using the CO₂ reduction result of 80 % in this study for the fixed point fishing operation, it is expected that 468 kL (20 L X 117 boats X 250 days X 0.8) of the fuel and 1,220 ton-CO₂ can be reduced annually. In Japan, about such 50,000 boats are fishing. So even in Japan, the total amount of CO₂ reduction expected can reach 61,000 tons annually. This research has been conducted as part of the newly developed S2G two-way electricity transportation system (from ship to grid and from grid to ship) using the PHEB to prove the effective use of renewable energy for ship propulsion and successful reduction of CO₂ emission under the research program of Empirical study of the independence distribution energy system technology based on DC technology in a detached island and a fishing village financed by the Ministry of Environment of Japan subsidy 2014-2016.

Status and Trends of Renewable Energy Harvesting

With advances in technology, Internet of things have been all over every aspect of our lives, renewable energy harvesting technologies will provide a better solution for the power supply of wireless sensors. This article outlines a variety of renewable energy, renewable energy equipment already, the advantages and disadvantages of renewable energy in the environment. Effective use of renewable energy will be the future hot research of energy development.