Effective Climate Change Mitigation Research Articles

Development of National Emission Factor for Rice Production System in Malaysia: A Step Toward Achieving Sustainable Development Goals

Objective: Currently, methane (CH4) emissions from rice cultivation in Malaysia are calculated using the regional’s methane emission factor (EF) of 1.60 kg CH₄ ha⁻¹ day⁻¹, as Malaysia has not yet developed a national emission factor. The objective of this study is to generate a country-specific EF of CH4 emission from rice cultivation in Malaysian rice fields. The EF generated would then be used in future emission estimates and the country’s greenhouse gas (GHG) inventory reports to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Theoretical Framework: The establishment of a national GHG emission factor for rice cultivation in Malaysia is critical for accurate GHG inventory reporting and effective climate change mitigation. This study utilizes the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) guidelines to derive a country-specific emission factor, enhancing Malaysia’s compliance with international climate obligations and promoting sustainable agricultural practices. Method: A new national EF was developed from eleven rice planting seasons in rice granary areas (IADA Pulau Pinang, IADA Barat Laut Selangor, MADA and KADA) and non-granary area (Sik, Kedah). The EF was calculated from methane emissions from the new data sets, published journals and unpublished data from MARDI. For the new data set, methane gas (CH4) was measured using a static chamber method (Minamikawa et al., 2015). Sampling of GHG from the gas chamber is carried out in the field every 2 weeks and gas was analysed by a GC System Agilent 7890A gas chromatography. The daily methane flux and methane emission follow the methods by Habib et al. (2007), Fauzi et al. (2023) and the Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories for Cropland (IPCC, 2006a). Results and Discussion: The national EF calculated from CH4 gas emissions over eleven rice planting seasons in Malaysia between 2012-2024 was 1.80 kg CH4 ha-1 day-1, which is higher than the current regional EF used (1.60 kg CH4 ha-1 day-1). However, the value is within the range of the default value of 1.30 kg CH4 ha-1 day-1 by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 2006 and 2.00 kg CH4 ha-1 day-1 (IPCC, 1996). Research Implications: The use of this new EF resulted in 12.49% increase in the national GHG inventory from the rice cultivation sub-sector as compared to using the current regional EF. This initiative is part of a comprehensive plan to enhance and strengthen GHG inventory reporting for Malaysia's agriculture sector, aiming to meet IPCC requirements and progress to Tier 2 status.

Awareness and preparedness of health systems and emergency medicine systems to the climate change challenges and threats: an international survey.

Climate change is widely recognised as a critical public health challenge. The objective of this study was to assess the awareness, preparedness and mitigation plans for climate change threats. A cross-sectional observational study targeting emergency medical societies in different countries was conducted between 15 February and 15 March 2024. The survey featured 16 closed questions on climate change awareness, preparedness and risks. Focus groups of 4-6 members were organised by country. Results were correlated to income levels, United Nations (UN) regional classification and the World Risk Index. The questions were ranked using a Likert-like scale from 0 to 9 (9 being the highest). Descriptive statistics used central tendency estimators, and inferential analysis used chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis tests, with the significance level set at P < 0.05. Forty-two focus groups responded, representing 36 countries: 21 (50%) high-income, seven (16.7%) low-income, five (11.9%) lower middle-income and nine (21.4%) upper middle-income countries, representing 31 of the 22 UN regions. According to the World Risk Index, the respondent countries belonged to the different categories as follows: very low risk, 6 (14%); low risk, 8 (19%); medium risk, 5 (12%); high risk, 8 (19%) and very high risk, 14 (34%). The estimated impact of climate change on national health systems had a mean score of 6.75 (SD = 2.16), while on Emergency Medical Systems was 6.96 (SD = 2.05). Overall, assessment and preparedness measures were reported by just 21.4 and 37.6% of respondents, respectively. Analysis by income did not show significant differences, with the exception of food supply. The main differences in the analysis by region were the risks of extreme weather events, vector-borne diseases and wildfires, whereas the World Risk Index was food and chain of supplies. Education and integration of health services were indicated by all as the main mitigation actions. Geographical position and country risk index influence risk perception among focus groups more than income economy, with vector-borne diseases, extreme weather events and food shortages being the threats with the most variability. The most important actions identified to mitigate Climate Change effects are educational and strategic plans.

Real-time measurement of metals in submicron aerosols with particle-into-liquid sampler combined with micro-discharge optical emission spectroscopy.

The paper presents a novel technique for quantifying trace metals in aerosol samples in real time. Airborne metals were continuously collected for one week near the Baltic Sea in Finland using a particle-into-liquid sampler (PILS). The collected liquid samples were analyzed for metals using micro-discharge optical emission spectroscopy (µDOES). The micro-discharge analyzer is designed to perform real-time, on-site measurements of metal concentrations in aqueous solutions. Currently, µDOES can provide online measurements of 30 metals, with typical detection limits from 0.01µg/m3 to 0.06µg/m3 with a long-term repeatability less than 5%. The novelty of this analyzer lies in its compact design, rapid detection capabilities, and ease of operation and maintenance. Several metals, including potassium (K), calcium (Ca), sodium (Na), aluminum (Al), magnesium (Mg), and copper (Cu), were measured in the aerosol samples collected using PILS. The results indicate that this approach has significant potential for future automated online monitoring of airborne metal concentrations, facilitating investigations into their sources and daily variations. The development of real-time technologies for rapid, online, and accurate atmospheric aerosol measurements is essential for advancing climate change research. Such advancements allowing for continuous real-time data enhance our understanding of aerosol dynamics, improve source identification, and inform public health and environmental policies, ultimately contributing to more effective climate change monitoring and mitigation.

AI for Climate Action: Leveraging Artificial Intelligence to Address Climate Change Challenges

This comprehensive article explores the transformative role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in addressing the global climate crisis, focusing on its applications in climate modeling, renewable energy optimization, and disaster response. Through an extensive literature review, case studies, and expert interviews, we examine how AI technologies are revolutionizing climate prediction accuracy, enhancing data processing capabilities, and enabling sophisticated climate scenario simulations. The article delves into AI's contributions to renewable energy forecasting, smart grid management, and energy storage optimization, highlighting its potential to accelerate the transition to sustainable energy systems. We also investigate AI-driven approaches to disaster response and resilience, including early warning systems, resource allocation during climate-related disasters, and post-disaster recovery planning. While acknowledging the significant advancements AI brings to climate action, this study also addresses the challenges and limitations, such as data quality issues, ethical considerations, and technical barriers. Looking ahead, we discuss emerging AI technologies, their integration with other solutions, and the policy implications for effective climate change mitigation and adaptation. This research underscores the critical role of AI in combating climate change, while emphasizing the need for responsible development and deployment of these technologies to ensure a sustainable and resilient future.

Exploring the influence of green growth and energy sources on “carbon-dioxide emissions”: implications for climate change mitigation

Climate change is a global concern driven by greenhouse gas emissions. Bangladesh, being densely populated and a significant carbon emitter, must urgently reduce its “carbon-dioxide emissions”. The primary objectives of this research are to meticulously examine the impact of green growth, non-renewable energy, renewable energy, and technological innovations on carbon dioxide emissions in Bangladesh from 1990 to 2020, with the goal of informing policies for effective and sustainable climate change mitigation in Bangladesh. The analysis using advanced econometric methods, including autoregressive distributed lag, fully modified ordinary least squares, and canonical cointegration regression, reveals that green growth and technological innovations have adverse long-term but positive short-term effects on carbon emissions in Bangladesh. Additionally, it is noteworthy that both non-renewable and renewable energy sources significantly contribute to long-term and short-term carbon emissions. The study confirms the Environmental Kuznets Curve, showing a “∩” shaped relationship between green development and carbon emissions. Policymakers should prioritize green growth, incentivize technological innovation, promote sustainable economic practices, and implement comprehensive energy transition strategies. The insights from this study inform policy formulation to address the complex relationships between green growth, energy sources, and carbon-dioxide emissions for sustainable climate change mitigation in Bangladesh. Bangladesh’s efforts contribute to global emission reduction and foster a resilient future.

Nature-Based Solution for Climate Change Adaptation: Coastal Habitats Restoration in Xiamen Bay, China

Nature-based solutions (NbSs) of biodiversity conservation and ecosystem restoration have been paid increasing attention as an essential approach to slow down climate change. However, to what degree an NbS approach will contribute to the combined effects of human intervention and climate change has not been well studied. From a habitat quality perspective, we set four NbS scenarios to analyze whether the NbS—mangrove restoration in particular—will be enough for climate change in Xiamen Bay of Fujian Province, China. The habitat quality module of the InVEST model (InVEST-HQ) and the Sea Level Affecting Marshes Model (SLAMM) were used to simulate the spatial-temporal changes in habitat types and habitat quality. Results show that (1) rising sea levels will cause coastal squeeze effects, impacting habitat quality due to erosion and inundation in the study area; (2) mangrove restoration is an effective way to mitigate climate change effects and to increase habitat quality; and (3) further analysis of the effectiveness of mangrove restoration shows that the consideration of mangrove fragmentation effects and sea-use impacts are necessary. The findings in this study will enrich the international discussion of NbSs to climate change in coastal areas.

Understanding public acceptability of climate policies in Europe

ABSTRACT Urgent and decisive government action to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions is more likely when the proposed measures are popular among the public. This paper compares the drivers of European public support for three alternative policies to combat climate change: carbon taxation, renewable energy subsidies, and minimum energy efficiency standards that apply to household appliances. We combine survey data with regional socio-economic and environmental indicators to provide a comprehensive, comparative analysis of policy acceptance that accounts for the geographic context in which these policies would be implemented. By comparing the drivers among three climate policies, we identify a rural-urban gap in predicting public perception of carbon taxation, which does not exist in the other policies. We also found a positive relationship between regional exposure to fine particular matter (PM2.5) and public support for climate policy, providing novel insights into the influence of environmental factors on public perceptions. This research highlights the importance of environmental and socio-economic context in predicting climate policy acceptance and offers valuable implications for policymakers seeking to garner public support for effective climate change mitigation strategies.

Quantification of Carbon Flux Patterns in Ecosystems: A Case Study of Prince Edward Island

Mitigating climate change by reducing heat-trapping greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the Earth’s atmosphere is a critical global challenge. In response to this urgency, the Canadian government has set a target of achieving zero emissions by 2050. The Government of Prince Edward Island (PEI) has committed to becoming Canada’s first net-zero province by 2040. Achieving this goal requires an extensive knowledge of emissions arising from ecosystem dynamics in PEI. Therefore, this study aims to quantify the carbon fluxes of these ecosystems, offering insights into their role in GHG emissions and removals. Through an extensive literature review and analysis, this research provides a detailed assessment of the potential carbon flux contributions from various ecosystems across PEI. High-resolution maps for carbon emissions, removals, and flux for the years 2010 and 2020 were developed, highlighting key findings on carbon dynamics. Additionally, a web-based tool was developed to allow decision makers and the general public to explore these carbon flux maps interactively. This work aims to inform policy decisions and enhance strategies for effective climate change mitigation in PEI.

Mapping the Path to Sustainability: A Study on Household Renewable Energy Adoption Trends

This study investigates household renewable energy adoption trends in Rohini, Delhi, with a focus on women and climate change mitigation. The transition to renewable energy is crucial for combating climate change and reducing environmental impact. This research surveys 50 households to assess awareness, attitudes, and adoption barriers and drivers for renewable energy technologies owing to climate change. Findings reveal that while many are aware of government incentives and express a willingness to adopt renewable energy, actual implementation is hindered by high costs, lack of information, and technical challenges. Key drivers include environmental concerns and financial savings. The study suggests enhancing adoption through improved financial incentives, community education, and women-focused initiatives. Addressing these factors can foster broader adoption of renewable energy, contributing to effective climate change mitigation strategies.

Stimulating innovation or enhancing productivity? The impact of environmental regulations on agricultural green growth

A comprehensive understanding of the impact of environmental regulations on agricultural green growth is crucial for formulating appropriate policy designs and achieving effective climate change mitigation. This study, based on the Porter Hypothesis framework, aims to propose our hypotheses in the influence of environmental regulations on agricultural green growth. This study first utilizes the Super-SBM model combined with the global Malmquist-Luenberger index to measure agricultural green growth in G20 countries. Subsequently, the study analyzes the impact of environmental regulations on agricultural technological innovation and green growth, highlighting variations among countries with different development levels. The results indicate: (1) Significant differences exist in agricultural green growth among G20 countries, generally exhibiting an increasing trend. (2) Environmental regulations have a significant impact on both agricultural green growth and agricultural technological innovation, but the effects of different types of environmental regulations are various. Furthermore, different conclusions are observed for countries with heterogeneous development levels. (3) There is a lag effect in the impact of environmental regulations on agricultural green growth and technological innovation, highlighting the importance of pre-establishing an environmental policy framework. (4) An inverted U-shape relationship exists between environmental regulations and agricultural green growth, while no such relationship is found in agricultural technological innovation.

Investigating the Variation between Lignin Content and the Fracture Characteristics in Capsicum annuum Mutant Stems

The cultivation of horticultural plants in controlled greenhouse environments is a pivotal practice in modern agriculture, offering the potential to enhance crop productivity and mitigate climate change effects. This study investigates the biomechanical properties and lignin content of various Capsicum annuum mutant lines—‘fragile-plant’ (frx), ‘tortuous internodi’ (tti), and ‘puffy-structured stem’ (pfi)—in comparison to a commercially established variety, ‘Garai Fehér’. We employed the acetyl bromide method to quantify lignin content and conducted three-point bending tests to assess rigidity in three distinct regions of the stem. Gene expression analysis of key lignin biosynthetic pathway genes (PAL, C4H, 4CL, CCoAOMT, CAD) was performed using qRT-PCR. The results revealed significant differences in lignin content and breaking force among the genotypes and stem regions. The tti mutants exhibited similar lignin content to the control but lower breaking strength, likely due to elongated internodes. The frx mutants showed uniformly reduced lignin content, correlating with their fragile stems. The pfi mutants displayed abnormally high lignin content in the top region yet demonstrated the lowest stem rigidity in every region. Overexpression of CAD and CCoAOMT was detected in the mutants in specific regions of the stem, suggesting alterations in lignin biosynthesis; however, we could not confirm the correlation between them. Our findings indicate that while lignin content generally correlates with stem rigidity, this trait is complex and influenced by more factors.

How green can it be? A methodology for calculating green roof retrofit potential in Valencia

Cities are accountable for more than 70% of global CO2 emissions and consume around 65% of the world's energy. In the pathway towards urban decarbonisation, nature-based solutions rise as a promising opportunity. They improve a city's resilience, stabilise temperatures and capture CO2, both mitigating climate change effects and adapting to them. This paper presents a novel methodology to assess the potential effects of green roof retrofit in urban areas, selecting suitable buildings for greening and estimating their decarbonising capacity. The proposed method combines the use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and artificial vision algorithms to select the roofs. Once selected, direct carbon sequestration and energetic savings are estimated based on empirical results. This methodology is successfully applied to the L'Illa Perduda neighbourhood of Valencia (Spain) as a case study. The GIS analysis shows that about 50% of the roofs' surface could be greened, directly absorbing around 350 tCO2yr−1 and reducing the energetic emissions of the neighbourhood in about 100 tCO2yr−1 by improving the insulating envelope of the buildings. The artificial vision computation selected 38% of the surface of the neighbourhood residential buildings.

Identifying suitable areas for plenter forest management

Plenter forests, also known as uneven-aged or continuous cover forests enhance forest resilience and resistance against disturbances compared to even-aged forests. They are considered as an adaptation option to mitigate climate change effects. In this study, we present a conceptual approach to determine the potentially suitable area for plenter forest management within central European mixed species forests and apply our approach to the case study area in Styria, the south-eastern Province of Austria. The concept is based on ecological and technical-economic constraints and considers expected future climate conditions and its impact on plenter forest management. For each 1 ha forest pixel, we assess the ecological conditions for plenter forest management according to the autecological growth conditions of silver fir, and at least one additional shade tolerant tree species. The technical-economic constraints are defined by slope (≤ 30%) and distance to the next forest road (≤ 100 m) to ensure cost-efficient harvesting. The results show that under current climate conditions 28.4% or 308,349 ha of the forests in Styria are potentially suitable for plenter forest management. For the years 2071 to 2100 and under the climate change scenario RCP 4.5, the potential area decreases to 286,098 ha (26.3% of the total forest area) and for the scenario RCP 8.5 to 208,421 ha (19.1% of the total forest area). The main reason for these changes is the unfavourable growing conditions for silver fir in the lowlands, while in the higher elevations silver fir is likely to expand. Our results may serve forest managers to identify areas suitable for plenter forests and assist in the transformation of even-aged pure forests to uneven-aged forests to increase resistance, resilience, and biodiversity under climate change.

Urban Groundwater in the cities of Europe: hidden challenges in a changing climate

In European cities, groundwater remains an issue of significant concern, largely because it is “out of sight and out of mind.” The general public, and even decision-makers, possess only a limited understanding of the state and characteristics of this vital resource. As a consequence, problems related to groundwater quality or changing water tables/piezometric surfaces may persist for years, or even decades, without being adequately addressed-or worse, without being noticed at all before resulting in land subsidence,saltwater intrusion, deep migration of persistent organic contaminants like PFAS (Le monde, 2023) or other irreversible consequences. The urban water cycle is central to ensuring the supply of clean, safe drinking water, effective sanitation, and wellfunctioning drainage systems for millions of residents. The impacts of human activities, such as land use change, excessive water abstraction and mismanagement, and the discharge of wastewater can exert a far greater influence on groundwater systems and hydrogeology than climate change. These activities alter the quantity and quality of both surface and groundwater, raising complex scientific, technical, socio-economic, cultural, and ethical challenges in urban water management. It is important to address the many challenges associated with ensuring water security and safety in cities (Quevauviller et al., 2024), as well as for development of effective climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies for urban areas (IPCC, 2024). Groundwater plays a critical role in the green transition and is an integral component of most climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies (Ingemarsson et al., 2022), and for meeting the increasing demand for freshwater in cities due to accelerating urbanization (United Nations, 2022). Many urbanized areas in Europe already face poor chemical and quantitative status (EEA, 2024; Sentek et al., 2024), and global change including increasing populations and sea level rise pose a tremendous challenge for safe and secure water supply especially in coastal European cities. Open access to digital subsurface data e.g. through the European Geological Data Infrastructure supports societal needs and UN sustainable development goals (Hinsby et al., 2024). This special issue demonstrates some of the important issues that the water supply of European cities are facing in times of increasing competing use of the subsurface (Volckko et al., 2020), projected climate change impacts on the hydrological cycle (Henriksen et al., 2023) and with freshwater now being among the transgressed planetary boundaries (Richardsson et al., 2023). [...]

Response of wheat to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation and biochar application: Implications for soil carbon sequestration

The sequestration of atmospheric CO₂ in soil is suggested as an effective climate change mitigation strategy. Biochar application shows promise in this regard, while the role of fungi in soil carbon cycling and sequestration is also under investigation. Using a novel high-throughput plant phenomics approach, we explore the impact of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation and biochar application on wheat growth and soil carbon, guided by one of the leading global carbon credit schemes. Wheat was successfully colonised by AMF, achieving an average root length colonisation of 35.9%. We uncover an indirect fungal-mediated pathway to soil carbon sequestration, with mycorrhizal plants generating more biomass across all soil treatments without yield penalties, suggesting colonised plants deliver more plant derived carbon to the soil, potentially leading to long-term soil carbon gains. Conversely, fungal-driven carbon loss occurred, significantly reducing soil carbon accumulation in unamended soil, but not in biochar-amended soil, suggesting that biochar moderates fungal activity and positively impacts the soil carbon balance. While both biochar and AMF enhance plant growth, their direct effects on soil carbon are complex. Although biochar did not significantly increase soil carbon stocks beyond its own contribution, its ability to regulate fungal activity could play an important role in influencing soil carbon sequestration.

Assessing climate trends in the Northwestern Himalayas: a comprehensive analysis of high-resolution gridded and observed datasets

Climate change poses significant challenges to the Himalayas, a region characterised by its fragile ecosystems and vulnerable communities dependent on environmental resources. Accurate climate data are crucial for understanding regional climatic variations and assessing climate change impacts, particularly in areas with limited observational networks. This study represents a pioneering effort in evaluating climatic fluctuations in the Jhelum basin, located in the North Western Himalayas, by utilising a diverse range of gridded meteorological datasets (APHRODITE, CHIRPS, CRU, and IMDAA) alongside observed climate data from the Indian Meteorological Department. The primary goal is to identify the most effective gridded climate data product for regions with limited data and to explore the potential of combining gridded data sets with observed data to understand climatic variability. Findings indicate a consistent upward trend in temperature across all datasets, with varying rates of increase. CRU records a rise of 1 °C in Tmax and 1.6 °C in Tmin, while APHRODITE shows a Tmean increase of approximately 1 °C. IMDAA reports increases in Tmax and Tmin. Observed mean annual Tmax and Tmin show net increases of 1 °C and 0.6 °C, respectively. Regarding precipitation, all datasets except IMDAA exhibit an increasing trend, contrary to observed data, which decreases from 1266 mm to 1068 mm over 40 years. CHIRPS, CRU, and APHRODITE display increasing trends, while IMDAA aligns closely with observed data but tends to overestimate precipitation by about 30%. Our research identifies IMDAA as the most suitable gridded climate data for the Jhelum basin in the North-western Himalayas. Despite some discrepancies in precipitation trends, IMDAA closely aligns with observed data, providing valuable insights for scholars and policymakers navigating climate data uncertainties in complex environments. Our findings contribute to informed decision-making and effective climate change mitigation strategies in the region.

ECONOMIC AND INTERNATIONAL LEGAL ASPECTS OF HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT REGULATION

It is evident that the implementation of effective climate change mitigation and environmental protection policies is contingent upon the rational management of hazardous waste. Empirical evidence suggests that the legal regulation of such waste at the national level is inadequate. Consequently, there is a pressing need for enhanced international cooperation and the establishment of robust international legal frameworks to address this issue. The purpose of the article is to analyse the existing international agreements governing hazardous waste management, identify their advantages and disadvantages, and propose changes necessary to improve the management of this type of waste. This included analysing statistical data on hazardous waste management. For a better understanding of the situation, an analysis of international court decisions was also carried out, which helped to identify the depth of the problems in this area. Methodology. General theoretical methods were mainly used in the study. Analysis and synthesis, systematic interpretation, and theoretical generalisation helped to summarise international approaches to hazardous waste management. Results. The article examines the content of international treaties in the field of hazardous waste management and the practice of their implementation. Practical implications. Based on the doctrinal provisions and the norms of current international law, the author identifies the main range of problems existing in the field of hazardous waste management and suggests possible ways of their solution. Value / Originality. It is determined that an important step in improving the effectiveness of international treaties in the field of hazardous waste management is to strengthen control over their implementation, since in practice there is a systematic violation of them.

Time series decomposition of land surface temperature for long-term trend forecasting and impact on nesting sea turtle habitats in the Arabian Gulf

Abstract Improving Land Surface Temperature (LST) modeling is vital for mitigating climate change effects on various ecosystems and marine habitats such as on important sea turtle habitats. Over the past decade, extreme temperatures have likely significantly affected nesting sea turtle habitats in the Arabian Gulf, with predominantly female hatchlings creating an imbalance in the sex ratio. Such shifts have profound implications for these habitats' long-term survival and conservation management. This study leverages statistical machine learning models to measure ongoing temporal variations in LST. We break down the LST time series into trend, seasonal, and noise components using classical decomposition methods like X11, SEATS, and the Seasonal and Trend decomposition using Loess (STL) approach. The long-term trends in LST data are driven by climate change rather than seasonal fluctuations. We employed Neural Network Auto Regression (NNAR), BaggedETS, Exponential Smoothing models, and STL method to project future LST values. We also explored advanced forecasting models like Dynamic Harmonic Regression, TBATS, and SARIMA for comparative performance analysis. Extended warm periods were identified for Abu Ali Island between 2017 and 2018 through several decomposition methods, likely linked to the 2015-2016 El Niño event. We also conducted a Marine Heat Wave (MHW) analysis from 2010-2020, establishing a pronounced impact of the 2015-2016 El Niño on the Arabian Gulf. In nesting beach environments with high LST, marine heatwaves could have a significant impact on sea turtle populations without human intervention such as artificially cooling the nest temperature. SARIMA model showed higher forecasting precision for in-situ weather data while NNAR model demonstrated superior performance with remotely sensed data.

Dynamic interplay of soil parameters and CO2 sequestration in Solanku-runi Freshwater Pond Wetland, Tamil Nadu, India

This study investigates the dynamic interplay between soil temperature, pH levels, and CO2 sequestration across ten sample sites over a four-month periods from January to April 2018 in Solankuruni freshwater pond wetland in Madurai District, Tamil Nadu, India. The soil temperature fluctuations, ranging from 31°C to 44°C, reveal distinct site-specific patterns, with sample site six consistently exhibiting the highest temperatures. Soil temperature exhibited notable variations, influenced by factors such as soil composition, and microclimate variations. Regarding pH level, the range between 6.23 to 8.1 display variability influenced by factors like soil composition and anthropogenic influences, study site five consistently leading in pH levels. Soil CO2 sequestration varying from 1517.857 g/m² to 3357.143 g/m², highlight the influence of soil microbial activity, vegetation cover, and soil moisture content, ninth site consistently showing the highest sequestration rates. The findings reveal substantial variations in factors such as soil composition, vegetation type, microclimate, and anthropogenic activities, prominence the intricate nature of soil dynamics. These results stress the importance of understanding the interconnections among soil properties to create effective climate change mitigation strategies. Moreover, the research provides valuable understanding of the intricate connections between soil properties, emphasizing the necessity for region-specific studies to inform comprehensive environmental policies. Understanding these dynamic soil processes is crucial for advancing sustainable land management practices and boosting soil carbon sequestration in wetland ecosystems.

Review of the Current Status and Development Trend of Global Forest Carbon Storage Research Based on Bibliometrics

Forests are one of the largest terrestrial ecosystems on Earth, absorbing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere through photosynthesis and storing it as organic carbon, thereby mitigating global warming. Conducting bibliometric analysis of forest carbon storage can identify current research trends and hot issues in this field, providing data support for researchers and policy makers. This review article provides a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of global forest carbon storage research, using databases from the Web of Science Core Collection. CiteSpace software (6.2.6 version) was employed to visualize and analyze the data, focusing on key researchers, institutions, and countries, as well as major research themes and emerging trends. The main findings are as follows: (1) Since the 21st century, the publication volume in this field has been increasing, with the United States and China being the top contributors. (2) There is active collaboration among key authors, institutions, and countries, with a notable close-knit network centered around French author Philippe Ciais. This group includes nearly half of the field’s authors and many of them are crucial for advancing research in this field. (3) Cluster and citation burst analyses suggest that future research will focus more on the impact of forest management policies on carbon stocks, with particular attention to the roles of northern temperate forests and mangroves in global carbon storage. These findings provide valuable insights into the current state and future directions of forest carbon storage research. This article is instrumental in elucidating the role of forest ecosystems within the global carbon cycle, evaluating the impacts of anthropogenic activities on forest carbon stocks, and informing the development of effective climate change mitigation strategies.