Effect Of Surface Texture Research Articles

Optimizing laser surface texturing effect via synergy of Burst-mode and advanced scanning paths

Optimizing laser surface texturing effect via synergy of Burst-mode and advanced scanning paths

Enhancing the anti-wear performance of graphene sheets embedded carbon films through interface nanotexture fabricated on the substrate

The effect and mechanism of surface texture on friction have been extensively explored, such as storing the abrasive and reducing the real contact area. However, studying the impact of the interface texture remains crucial, especially as the texture size approaches the nanoscale. In the present work, the silicon substrate with different parameters nanotexture was fabricated using a metal-assisted chemical etching process, and the graphene sheets embedded carbon (GSEC) film was deposited on the nanotextured substrate via a low-energy electron irradiation process to produce the interface nanotextured carbon films. After the addition of the interface nanotexture, the tribological performance of carbon films exhibited significant enhancement, with the degree of improvement being influenced by the parameters of the interface nanotexture. A super-low wear rate was achieved, with a value of 6.54 ± 0.70 × 10−8 mm3/N m. The improved tribological performance is due to the enhancement of film-substrate adhesion strength facilitated by interface nanotexture, and its role in promoting the rapid formation of a stable transfer film on the counter-grinding ball. The carbon film with nanotexture displays a small size of the abrasive particles, which contributes to the stabilization of the friction process.

Effect of Laser Surface Texturing Process on Dry Sliding Wear Behavior of NiTi Shape Memory Alloy Used in Airplane

In this study, the effect of laser surface texturing (LST) applied to NiTi Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) on the dry sliding wear behavior of the material was investigated. After polishing and cleaning the material surface, a pitted surface texturing process was performed using a femtosecond laser under atmospheric conditions. After the surface texturing process, dry sliding wear tests were performed at room temperature. When the wear behavior of the laser-applied and non-laser-applied test samples was evaluated comparatively, it was determined that the coefficient of friction (COF) of the laser-applied samples under 1N load was approximately 17% lower. It was determined that the decrease in the COF value decreased with increasing load. However, the wear amount of the LSD-applied NiTi SMA was higher than the untreated sample. It was evaluated that this situation was due to thermal softening that occurred depending on the ablation geometry and dimensions.

The effect of surface texture on the bonding performance of zirconia fabricated by nanoparticle jetting additive manufacturing

The effect of surface texture on the bonding performance of zirconia fabricated by nanoparticle jetting additive manufacturing

Effect of surface textures fabricated by two-dimensional ultrasonic vibration-assisted milling on the key surface properties of dental ceramics

The exceptionally high hardness and active plaque adhesion ability of 3Y-TZP ceramics often cause lots of oral diseases. This work intends to enhance the service performance of such ceramic dentures in human oral cavity by surface texturing technique. Efforts have been made to tackle the surface texture formation mechanism under 2D-UVAM process and establish the connection between the key surface properties and texture morphologies. The impacts of cutting parameters, vibration parameters, and tool geometry parameters on texture morphologies were rigorously studied. The coupling effect of wettability, antibacterial activity, and frictional performance of textured ceramic surfaces was also investigated. The acquired results indicate that the fish-scale texture with high density helps to enhance the hydrophobicity of the zirconia ceramics, while the wavy texture with low density promotes the ceramic material towards a hydrophilic direction. The antibacterial activity is highly related to wettability. The larger contact angle generally means the more pronounced inhibition effect on plaque adhesion. The wear of natural teeth decreases significantly after introducing textures on the ceramic surfaces, but the wear amount is not sensitive to wettability. Therefore, the hydrophobic surface can simultaneously improve the antibacterial characteristics of 3Y-TZP ceramics and its tribological compatibility with the natural teeth.

Synergistic Effects of Surface Texture and Cryogenic Treatment on the Tribological Performance of Aluminum Alloy Surfaces

In order to improve the tribological properties of the 7075-T6 aluminum alloy used on the rotor surface, a combined method of cryogenic treatment and laser surface texture treatment was applied. Various tests, including metallographic microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, elemental analysis, microhardness measurements, were conducted to examine the wear morphology and modification mechanism of the treated 7075-T6 aluminum alloy surface. A numerical simulation model of surface texture was established using computational fluid dynamics to analyze the lubrication characteristics of V-shaped texture. The research finding that the 7075-T6 aluminum alloy experienced grain refinement during the cryogenic treatment process, enhancing the wear resistance of the V-shaped textures. This improvement delayed the progression of fatigue wear, abrasive wear, and oxidative wear, thereby reducing friction losses. The designed V-shaped texture contributes to reducing contact area, facilitating the capture and retention of abrasives, and enhancing oil film load-bearing capacity, thereby improving tribological performance. The synergistic effect of cryogenic treatment reduced the friction coefficient by 24.8% and the wear loss by 66.4%. Thus, the combination of surface texture and cryogenic treatment significantly improved the tribological properties of the 7075-T6 aluminum alloy.

Unveiling the reinforcement benefits of innovative textured geogrids

The smooth surface texture of the commercially available geogrids limits the shear strength mobilization at the interfaces. This study presents the design, manufacturing, and interface performance evaluation of innovative textured geogrids. Geogrids with square, triangular, and hexagonal apertures with and without inherent surface texture were manufactured through additive manufacturing (3D printing) technique, using PLA (Poly Lactic Acid) filament. The texture includes elevated pins of 3 mm height at the junctions and inherent diamond pattern of 1 mm height on the ribs. The individual and combined effects of surface texture and aperture shape on the stress–displacement relationship, dilation angle, and the thickness of shear zone are quantified using large-scale direct shear tests and Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) analysis. Results showed that the textured geogrid with hexagonal aperture has exhibited the maximum interface coefficient of 0.96 with sand followed by the geogrids with triangular and square apertures. Irrespective of the aperture shape, provision of the surface texture resulted in an overall increase of interface shear strength by more than 13%. Further, PIV analysis revealed that the shear zone is 25% thicker for textured geogrids of different aperture shapes, suggesting higher interlocking and passive resistance offered by their textured surfaces.

Effects of electrodes surface texture, electrodes materials and dielectric material on properties of plasma activated water

This study explores how different components of a plasma device (PD) affect plasma-activated water (PAW), including ground electrode material, power electrode type, and dielectric material. Plasma is created within the PD, interacting with water downstream to form PAW. Findings show notable improvements in discharge current, plasma-coupled power (>76%), and physicochemical properties (PP). PAW from a knurled ground electrode exhibits significantly higher NO3ˉ and NO2ˉ ion concentrations compared to non-knurled electrodes. Substituting quartz for borosilicate glass as the dielectric layer enhances discharge power and reactive oxygen-nitrogen species (RONS) concentration. Using a wire spiral power electrode enhances PP and NO3ˉ ion concentration. Copper electrodes outperform brass and steel in enriching RONS and improving PP. Optimizing PD improve PAW effectiveness for diverse applications.

Wear Characteristics of Textured Floating Oil Seal Surfaces: A Simulation and Experimental Study

This study aimed to analyze the effects of surface texture on the wear amount of floating oil seals and how these effects are related to the texture parameters. To achieve this, a finite element model was constructed to simulate the frictional behavior of seal discs under both textured and non-textured conditions. The study focused on a specific set of texture parameters. The texture depth was held constant, while the area density and diameter of the textures were varied. Three different area densities were considered: 10%, 20%, and 30%. Similarly, three different texture diameters were included in the study: 100, 200, and 300 μm. For each combination of area density and diameter, three different texture depths were evaluated: 50, 100, and 150 μm. The results show that compared with the non-texture, the wear loss of the texture is significantly reduced, and the wear loss is reduced by 56.8%. As the texture depth increases, the corresponding increase in wear remains relatively small. In contrast, increasing the texture diameter and area density leads to a more significant increase in wear, indicating that these two parameters have a more significant effect on the wear behavior of the seal. Under the condition of dry friction, the average friction coefficient analysis shows that the texture area density is 30%, the texture diameter is 200 μm, and the minimum value is about 0.602. Under the lubrication condition, the lowest average friction coefficient is about 0.147, the texture area density is 20%, and the texture diameter is 300 μm.

Increasing the friction and wear performance of AISI 316L under dry, aqueous and oil lubricated sliding conditions with surface textures fabricated by laser-powder bed fusion (L-PBF)

In this study, it is aimed to examine the effects of surface textures on the friction and wear performance of materials under different sliding conditions (dry, aqueous and oil). AISI 316 L samples with hexagonal, circle, square and rhombus geometries were produced using Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) and non-textured samples were produced using casting and L-PBF. L-PBF samples showed high peak intensity due to rapid heating-cooling and small shifts in Bragg angles occurred. L-PBF samples had higher hardness than casting samples since they had a finer microstructure. Textured samples exhibited better tribological performance because they trapped wear debris. A higher friction was observed in samples with sharp corners due to stress concentrations. The highest tribological performance occurred in oil-lubricated conditions.

Water wicking in phosphorene-based nanochannels: Effect of surface texture

The imbibition dynamics of water in a nanochannel made of two-dimensional phosphorene are explored using Molecular Dynamics. The partial wetting behavior of water nanodroplets on phosphorene sheets is examined first. The initial spreading of the wetted area (A) and internal energy (ΔE) are found to follow the power law, A ∼ t1/2 and ΔE-t1/2. Additionally, the Laplace pressure and equilibrium contact angle, determined from water plugs confined within nanoslits, verify the applicability of the Young-Laplace equation at the nanoscale. For water wicking in channels with a width of N layers of phosphorene sheets, the rate of change of both the penetration length and internal energy is proportional to t1/2. However, the imbibition rate in narrow nanoslits (N = 2 ∼ 5) depends on the orientation (armchair and zigzag) of the walls. This effect gradually diminishes as N increases. It was observed that, except for N = 1, the imbibition rate decreases with increasing channel width, which contradicts the prediction of Lucas-Washburn equation. Compared to smooth graphene-based channels, the imbibition rate is lower in phosphorene-based channels. Nonetheless, this difference decreases as the channel width increases, suggesting that the impact of surface roughness becomes less pronounced with larger channel widths.

Influences of Surface Texture on the Friction Characteristics of Powder Metallurgy Clutch Disks

Many studies have consistently demonstrated the positive effects of surface texture on the performance of friction couples. Circular dimple textures are made on the flat surfaces of the copper-based powder metallurgy friction disk samples from a multi-disk clutch with five different circular densities. Long-term pin-on-disk sliding experiments under different loads are conducted. Surface morphology analysis is also conducted to evaluate the wear characteristics of the sample disks. Results show that the working load does not significantly affect the coefficient of friction (COF) of the flat surface samples, but there exist significant differences of the COF at different radii with the same rotation speed. Compared with the flat surface samples, the textured samples have a 20–65% decrease of COF under light load conditions but have a more than 30% increase under heavy load conditions. Furthermore, the wear of the textured samples is substantially reduced by more than 19% and 40% respectively. Therefore, the circular dimple texture can significantly enhance the friction and wear performances of the copper-based powder metallurgy friction disks, especially under heavy load working conditions.

Behavior of the Coefficient of Friction of Textured Tibial Inserts of Total Knee Replacements under the Conditions Prescribed by ISO 14243-3:2014

This work investigates the effect of surface texturing on the coefficient of friction (COF) of tibial inserts (TIs), of total knee replacements (TKRs), using a servomechanical knee simulator operating under the conditions prescribed by ISO 14243-3:2014, which requires strict control of flexion/extension (FE), anterior/posterior displacement (AP), inward/outward rotation (IOR) movements, and load variation. Tests were carried out lubricating with fetal bovine serum solution with a protein concentration of 20 g/L at 37 ± 2 °C. TIs were manufactured by fused deposition modeling (FDM) using polylactic acid (PLA) because of the advantages associated with rapid prototyping and customization. The acquired COF data were analyzed using statistical parametric mapping (SPM) to determine how the surface of the TIs affects the COF, identifying ranges where significant differences occurred. Textured surfaces led to significant reductions in COF during the swing phase of the walking cycle.

Effect of micro-surface-texturing on the friction between cam/tappet interface of a commercial vehicle engine

Reduced wear and friction are directly related to longer component service lives and increased energy efficiency. The mechanisms used to achieve this goal in mechanical systems include the study of lubricant chemistry, surface coating, and surface modification. Significant research has been conducted on friction reduction of valve trains of internal combustion engines using surface modifications such as coatings and surface texturing. Here, an experimental approach has been adopted to investigate the effect of micro surface texturing on Thermo-Elastohydrodynamically Lubricated cam/tappet contact in a direct-acting valve train. A commercial vehicle valve train has been instrumented to study the effect of varying surface texture area density on friction under realistic engine operating conditions. Fiber laser surface texturing has been used to microtexture three samples of tappet shims with texture densities of 5%, 8%, and 10%. The tests have been run at four engine speeds—300, 500, 700, and 900 RPM—and three temperatures—30 °C, 60 °C, and 90 °C. The experimental results show a significant friction reduction of up to 18.33% for textured shims at the temperature of 90 °C. The friction reduction performance of the 8% textured shim has been optimum for all RPMs at the higher temperatures.

Study on the mixed lubrication of rough planar extrusion considering surface texture

Surface texture plays a crucial role in fluid dynamic lubrication. The non-Newtonian thermal elastohydrodynamic lubrication problem involving rough surfaces with texture has not been investigated to date. In this paper, a model for non-Newtonian thermal elastohydrodynamic lubrication incorporating rough surfaces and texture morphology is developed, focusing on the problem of mixed lubrication in planar extrusion with texture. The model builds upon the Reynolds equation with flow factor introduced. It considers the effects of rough surface texture, thermal effects, and non-Newtonian effects. The Reynolds equation is numerically solved using the Semi-System method to calculate the oil film pressure in full film region and contact pressure in dry contact area. The DC-FFT algorithm is employed to calculate surface elastic deformation. Comparing the calculated friction coefficient of the present model with the measured values in literature experiments, the average error is only 6.94%. Furthermore, the study investigates the effects of texture, temperature, and non-Newtonian on interfacial lubrication performance under mixed lubrication conditions. It’s found that compared to untextured surface, the average film thickness of textured surface increased by a maximum of 10.8%, and the friction coefficient decreased by a maximum of 67.4%; Compared to Newtonian fluids, shear thinning fluids reduce temperature by 0.18%, and shear thickening fluids are more conducive to improving mixed lubrication performance. A stepped pit texture is designed based on the dynamic pressure mechanism of the texture, indicating that the circular stepped pit texture has the best load-bearing capacity improvement.

Effect of Laser Surface Texturing and Al2O3 Particles on Microstructure and Properties of Tungsten Inert Gas-Welded Steel–Aluminum Lap Joints

Effect of Laser Surface Texturing and Al2O3 Particles on Microstructure and Properties of Tungsten Inert Gas-Welded Steel–Aluminum Lap Joints

Numerical Optimization Analysis of Floating Ring Seal Performance Based on Surface Texture

Much research and practical experience have shown that the utilization of textures has an enhancing effect on the performance of dynamic seals and the dynamic pressure lubrication of gas bearings. In order to optimize the performance of floating ring seals, this study systematically analyzes the effects of different texture shapes and their parameters. The Reynolds equation of the gas is solved by the successive over-relaxation (SOR) iteration method. The pressure and thickness distributions of the seal gas film are solved to derive the floating force, end leakage, friction, and the ratio of buoyancy to leakage within the seal. The effects of various texture shapes, including square, 2:1 rectangle, triangle, hexagon, and circle, as well as their parameters, such as texture depth, angle, and area share, on the sealing performance are discussed. Results show that the texture can increase the air film buoyancy and reduce friction, but it also increases the leakage by a small amount. Square textures and rectangular textures are relatively effective. The deeper the depth of the texture within a certain range, the better the overall performance of the floating ring seal. As the texture area percentage increases, leakage tends to increase and friction tends to decrease. A fractal roughness model is developed, the effect of surface roughness on sealing performance is briefly discussed, and finally the effect of surface texture with roughness is analyzed. Some texture parameters that can significantly optimize the sealing performance are obtained. Rectangular textures with certain parameters enhance the buoyancy of the air film by 81.2%, which is the most significant enhancement effect. This rectangular texture reduces friction by 25.8% but increases leakage by 79.5%. The triangular textures increase buoyancy by 28.02% and leakage increases by only 10.08% when the rotation speed is 15,000 r/min. The results show that texture with appropriate roughness significantly optimizes the performance of the floating ring seal.

Anisotropic Icephobic Mechanisms of Textured Surface: Barrier or Accelerator?

Icing has been seen as an economic and safety hazard due to its threats to aviation, power generation, offshore platforms, etc., where passive icephobic surfaces with a surface texturing design have the potential to address this problem. However, the intrinsic icephobic principles associated with the surface textures, energy, elasticity, and hybrid effects are still unclear. To explore the anisotropic wettability, ice nucleation, and ice detaching behaviors, a series of textured poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS)-based coatings with various texture orientations were proposed through a simple stamping method with surface functionalization. The anisotropic hydrophobic/icephobic phenomena and mechanisms were discovered from wettability evaluation, experimentally studied by icing/deicing experiments, and finally verified by microscopic numerical simulations. One-way analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA analysis) was used to analyze the effect of surface textures on hydrophobic/icephobic properties, which assisted in understanding anisotropic phenomena. Typical anisotropic ice nucleation and growth on the textured coatings were clarified using in situ environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) characterization. The ice/coating interfacial stress responses were studied by numerical stimulation at the microscopic level, further verifying the localized, amplified, and propagated stress at the ice/coating interface. The theoretical anisotropic responses, barrier effect, and accelerating effect were verified to interpret the anisotropic wettability and icephobicity, depending on the specific surface conditions. This study revealed the basics of the anisotropic icephobic mechanisms of textured icephobic surfaces, further facilitating the R&D of passive icephobic surfaces.

Investigation on the effect of laser surface texturing on the wettability of pure zinc substrate

Zinc finds a prominent metallic alternative for existing metallic bio-implant materials. Wettability significantly alters the corrosion resistance and cell adhesion of bio-metallic materials. The wettability of the metallic materials can be engineered by laser surface texturing (LST). In this work, nanosecond laser surface texturing experiments were conducted on the pure zinc substrate by varying the laser scan speed and texture pitch. Laser scan speeds were varied from 10 to 50 mm/s, and the texture pitch varied from 100 to 300 µm. A nanosecond 28 W Nd:YAG laser system was used with 1064 nm wavelength, repetition rate of 5 kHz, focal length of 234 mm, and pulse width of 2 ms. The white light interferometer (WLI) was utilized to explore the surface roughness of the textured samples, and the scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to investigate the surface morphology. The results revealed that LST on pure zinc follows the Weinzel model which enhances the hydrophobic nature of its surface. Surface roughness plays a significant role in improving the hydrophobic nature of the LST zinc substrates.

Analysis and evaluation of the synergistic effect of ceramic materials and surface texture on anti-abrasive particle wear under rolling conditions

Damage to mechanical components caused by contaminant ingress is a common failure. In response to this issue, this study introduces a synergistic abrasion reduction method based on the combined application of ceramic materials and surface texturing. Using cylindrical thrust roller bearings as an illustration, circular textures were applied to the raceways, and a small number of steel rollers were substituted with ceramic ones. Moreover, alumina was introduced into the lubricant as a contaminant. The frictional and dynamic performance of the "ceramic-textured surface" combination under lubricant contamination conditions was explored and compared with corresponding single abrasion reduction techniques. The synergistic abrasion reduction mechanism of the "ceramic-textured surface" combination was also examined. The findings reveal that under lubricant contamination conditions, the synergistic abrasion reduction method surpasses individual abrasion reduction methods and demonstrates a certain degree of complementarity. Compared with traditional all-steel bearings, textured bearings with four ceramic rollers have reduced the average frictional force by approximately 56.82 %, and the mass loss of the shaft washer and seat washer has been reduced by approximately 81.01 % and 80.86 %, respectively. Rolling elements treated with the synergistic abrasion reduction method exhibit enhanced resistance to abrasive particle wear. This improvement is attributed to the collaborative effects of various mechanisms, including crushing and refinement, capture and storage, grinding and finishing, as well as self-healing and smoothing.