Effect Of Intestinal Microflora Research Articles

The intestinal microflora diversity of aboriginal chickens in Jiangxi province, China

Intestinal microbiota can coevolve with host to form symbiotic relationship and be participated in the regulation of host physiological function. At present, there is no clear explanation on the effect of intestinal microflora in Jiangxi aboriginal chickens. Here, we investigated the association between gut microbiota and host genome of Jiangxi local chickens using 16S rRNA sequencing and genome-wide association studies (GWAS). The results showed that the breeds and genders had important effects on the intestinal microbiota of chickens. A total of 28 SNPs in 14 regions of the chicken genome were related to the relative abundance of microorganisms in 5 genera: Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, Enterococcus, Gallibacterium, Turicibacter, and Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group. A total of 17 candidate genes were identified composition of chicken microbiome and show an association between the host genome and the chicken intestinal microbiota, which also unveiled the diversity of intestinal microbes in Jiangxi chickens. Given the correlation between chicken genome and intestinal microbe found in the present study, a new idea for the protection of aboriginal chicken genetic resources in China could be provided.

Emerging Insights on the Interaction Between Anticancer and Immunosuppressant Drugs and Intestinal Microbiota in Pediatric Patients.

Diseases affecting the immune system, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), are pathological conditions affecting the pediatric population and are often associated with alterations in the intestinal microbiota, such as a decrease in bacterial diversity. Growing evidence suggests that gut microbiota can interfere with chemotherapeutic and immunosuppressant drugs, used in the treatment of these diseases, reducing or facilitating drug efficacy. In particular, the effect of intestinal microflora through translocation, immunomodulation, metabolism, enzymatic degradation, and reduction of bacterial diversity seems to be one of the reasons of interindividual variability in the therapeutic response. Although the extent of the role of intestinal microflora in chemotherapy and immunosuppression remains still unresolved, current evidence on bacterial compositional shifts will be taken in consideration together with clinical response to drugs for a better and personalized therapy. This review is focused on the effect of the intestinal microbiota on the efficacy of pharmacological therapy of agents used to treat IBD, JIA, and ALL.

Extensive Literature Search on the ‘Effects of Copper intake levels in the gut microbiota profile of target animals, in particular piglets’

Extensive Literature Search on the ‘Effects of Copper intake levels in the gut microbiota profile of target animals, in particular piglets’

Effect of intestinal microflora on the pathogenesis of recurrent anal fissure chronic complications

We study the influence of the stool microflora on the formation of anal fissures microorganisms and the role of the latter in the pathogenesis of chronic disease. Conducted bacteriological studies suggest that the pathogenesis of chronic anal fissure involved opportunistic and pathogenic organisms. General bacterial contamination of fissures was 3,75±0,27 lg CFU/sm3 in discharge, and quantitative content of certain bacterial species varied from 1,95±0,18 to 2,63±0,21 lg CFU in discharge. Therefore, the treatment of this pathology should include the therapy aimed at eradication of microorganisms by various antibacterial agents and methods.

Effect of Intestinal Microflora on the Production of Interleukin 10 and Prostaglandin E2 in Serum and Kupffer Cells from Germfree and Conventional Mice

To determine why germfree (GF) mice are less productivity of proinflammatory cytokines than conventional (CV) mice, we studied serum levels of interleukin 10 (IL-10) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in mice after treatment with lipopolyssacharide (LPS). A single injection of LPS caused an elevation of IL-10 in serum from GF, LPS-GF (germfree mice given drinking water containing LPS) and CV mice. The response was highest in serum from GF mice, and was lower in serum from LPS-GF mice compared with GF mice. Before LPS injection, serum PGE2 was significantly higher in CV and LPS-GF mice than in GF ones. After LPS injection, a higher level of PGE2 was maintained over 12 h in CV mice after LPS injection, while the LPS treatment reduced the level in LPS-GF mice and increased the level in GF mice. The levels of IL-10 in culture medium from Kupffer cells treated with LPS showed similar results to serum in GF and CV mice. These results suggest that high levels of IL-10 in serum from germfree mice may be partly responsible for the lower in vivo responsiveness of these proinflammatory cytokines to LPS in these mice, although PGE2 was not responsible for the lower responsiveness of these inflammatory cytokines to LPS.

Effect of intestinal microflora on the urinary metabolic profile of rats: a 1 H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy study

1. Analysis of urine by 1 H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is used to detect biochemical disturbances predictive of toxicological changes. Recent studies, using 1 H-NMR spectroscopy have suggested that Alderley Park rats can be classified as hippuric acid (HA) or m -(hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid (m -HPPA) excretors. Evidence exists for the role of intestinal microflora in the excretion of aromatic phenolic compounds including HA and m -HPPA. 2. We sought to investigate whether intestinal microflora contribute to the difference in excretion. Urinary HA and m -HPPA levels were monitored to characterize excretion over time. The effect of intestinal microflora on the 1 H-NMR spectrum was also investigated using antibiotics to sterilize the intestine. Finally, the levels of m -HPPA and phenylpropionic acid (a precursor for HA) were analysed in the caecum and colon (entire tissue, including contents). 3. Characterization confirmed the presence of HA and m -HPPA excretors; enquiries revealed that the rats were obtained from two floors within a barriered breeding unit. Housing the rats from the two floors together for 21 days resulted in comparable levels of HA and m -HPPA excretion demonstrating that the profiles are not stable. 4. Following antibiotic treatment, HA and m -HPPA excretion decreased, indicating that intestinal microflora contribute to the excretion of these compounds. Finally, m -HPPA levels were higher in the colon of rats that excreted m -HPPA whilst PPA was increased in the caecum and colon of rats that excreted HA. 5. These results demonstrate that the observed difference in HA/ m -HPPA excretion is due to differences in the intestinal microflora.

Effect of Intestinal Microflora on Male Reproductive Organs in BALB/c Mice

Effect of Intestinal Microflora on Male Reproductive Organs in BALB/c Mice

Effect of Intestinal Microflora on the Survival Time of Mice Exposed to Lethal Whole-Body γ Irradiation

The effect of intestinal microflora on the survival time of mice exposed to 2-kR whole-body ..gamma.. irradiation was studied using germfree, monoassociated, and conventionalized ICR mice. The germfree mice were monoassociated with 1 of 11 bacterial strains, which were isolated from the fresh feces of conventional mice, 2 weeks prior to irradiation. All mice died within 3 weeks after irradiation. Monoassociation with Fusobacterium sp., Streptococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, or Pseudomonas sp. significantly reduced the mean survival time compared to that of germfree mice. In contrast, monoassociation with Clostridium sp., Bifidobacterium pseudolongum, or Lactobacillus acidophilus significantly prolonged the mean survival time compared to that of germfree mice. This suggests that the latter organisms may perform some activity to protect the mice from radiation injury. In this histopathological autopsy examination, the main lesions were hypocellularity in hematopoietic organs and hemorrhage in various organs. Neither karyorrhexis nor desquamation of intestinal mucosal cells was observed in any mice. From these observations, it is suggested that the death of these mice was related to hematopoietic damage. Bacterial invasion into various organs was observed in conventionalized and Pseudomonas-, E. coli-, or S. faecalis-monoassociated mice but not in Clostridium-, B. pseudolongum-, L. acidophilus-, or Fusobacterium-monoassociated mice.

Effect of Intestinal Bacteria on Incidence of Liver Tumors in Gnotobiotic C3H/He Male Mice<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2">2</xref>

The effect of intestinal microflora on liver tumorigenesis was studied in gnotobiotic C3H/He male mice monoassociated, diassociated, or polyassociated with the following strains of intestinal bacteria: Escherichia coli, Streptococcus faecalis, Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium infantis, Clostridium indolis, C. paraputrificum, C. perfringens, C. innocuum, C. nexile, C. ramosum, C. clostridiiforme, Bacteroides multiacidus, Bacteroides fragilis, Veillonella alcalescens, V. parvula, and Lactobacillus acidophilus. The incidence of liver tumors was higher in most of the gnotobiotes (67--100%) and conventionalized mice (82%) derived from the germfree mice than in the germfree mice (39%). The average incidence of tumor nodules in gnotobiotes associated with E. coli, S. faecalis, and C. paraputrificum was 2.9, which was significantly higher than that in the conventionalized animals (1.6). In contrast, the average incidence of tumor nodules in gnotobiotes associated with E. coli, S. faecalis, L. acidophilus, C. perfringens, and Bacteroides fragilis (0.9) was not significantly different from that in germfree animals (0.5). The present study demonstrated that the presence of certain intestinal bacteria is related to liver tumorigenesis in gnotobiotic C3H/He male mice.

Effect of Intestinal Microflora on 3,2′-Dimethyl-4-aminobiphenyl-Induced Carcinogenesis in F344 Rats2

The effect of intestinal microflora on colon and breast carcinogenesis induced by 3,2'-dimethyl-4-aminobiphenyl (DMAB) was studied with the use of germfree and conventional F344 rats of both sexes. At 7 weeks of age, all animals except controls were given 20 weekly sc injections of DMAB in corn oil (100 mg/kg body wt/wk). Male animals were autopsied 15 weeks after the last injection, whereas female animals were autopsied 10 weeks after the last injection. Tumors were induced in the colons, duodena, breasts, ear ducts, salivary glands, and skin of conventional rats, and in the colons, breasts, ear ducts, salivary glands, and skin of germfree rats. No consistent difference was found in the incidence of tumors in the ear ducts, salivary glands, and skin between the germfree and conventional rats. None of the germfree rats showed duodenal tumors, whereas 13% of the female and 53% of the male conventional rats developed duodenal tumors. The incidence of intestinal tumors was lower in the germfree rats than in conventional animals. The mammary tumor incidence was lower in germfree female rats than in the conventional female rats than in the conventional females. DMAB induced fewer intestinal and breast tumors in germfree rats than in conventional rats.

Metabolic enzymes in liver and kidney of the germfree rat

The effect of intestinal microflora on the activities of NADP-dependent dehydrogenases in liver and kidneys, and on fatty acid synthetase, ATP-citrate lyse, cytochrome oxidase and succinate dehydrogenase activities in liver of rats were studied. Germfree rats showed a decrease in liver succinate dehydrogenase activity, and no effect on liver cytochrome oxidase activity. The absence of an intestinal microflora resulted in a significant decrease of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase activities, and a substantial increase of ATP-citrate lyase and fatty acid synthetase activities in the liver. Liver malate dehydrogenase activity was comparable in both germfree and conventional animals. Germfree status had no effect on the activities of NADP-dependent dehydrogenases in the kidney. It is concluded that the absence of an actively metabolizing microflora was associated with quantitative shifts in the activity of hepatic enzymes involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats.

Studies on the mechanism of calcium and magnesium absorption in germfree rats

The effect of intestinal microflora on the activities of brush border Ca 2+-ATPase, Mg 2+-ATPase, and alkaline phosphatase, and mucosal calcium-binding protein activity in the small intestine was studied to elucidate whether the increased absorption of calcium and magnesium in the germfree rats is mediated through an increase in the activities of above enzymes. The pH optimum values of Ca 2+-ATPase, Mg 2+-ATPase, and alkaline phosphatase for germfree and conventional rats were comparable. The brush border protein concentration in both germfree and conventional rats was maximal in the duodenum and decreased distally. Germfree rats showed an increase of brush border protein content in the jejunum and ileum. Germfree status resulted in a significant increase of brush border Ca 2+-ATPase, Mg 2+-ATPase, and alkaline phosphatase activities in the small intestine. The calcium-binding protein activity of the mucosal preparations of small intestine was increased under the germfree conditions. These results indicate that the enhanced levels of intestinal brush border Ca 2+-ATPase, Mg 2+-ATPase and alkaline phosphatase together with mucosal calcium-binding protein might be responsible for increased calcium and magnesium absorption observed in germfree rats.

Effect of Intestinal Microflora on Age-associated Changes in Hepatic Xanthine Oxidase and in Bone Mineral Composition in Rats

Effect of Intestinal Microflora on Age-associated Changes in Hepatic Xanthine Oxidase and in Bone Mineral Composition in Rats

Effect of Intestinal Microflora on Iron and Zinc Metabolism, and on Activities of Metalloenzymes in Rats

Effect of Intestinal Microflora on Iron and Zinc Metabolism, and on Activities of Metalloenzymes in Rats

Effect of Intestinal Microflora on Calcium, Phosphorus and Magnesium Metabolism in Rats

The effect of intestinal microflora on the absorption, excretion, retention and tissue distribution of calcium, phosphorus and magnesium was investigated. Weanling germfree and conventional rats were fed a steam-sterilized semipurified diet or a Millipore-filtered liquid diet until 115 days, and balance studies were carried out for 10 days. Neither germfree status nor the diets used appreciably influenced serum calcium, phosphorus and magnesium levels. Both germfree conditions and feeding of liquid diet increased apparent absorption of calcium and magnesium. There was no difference in phosphorus absorption between germfree and conventional animals, but feeding of liquid diet resulted in higher absorption. Urinary excretion and net retention of both calcium and magnesium were increased in germfree rats. Urinary phosphorus excretion was decreased in germfree rats causing an increase in retention values. The results also indicate a higher calcium, phosphorus and magnesium concentration of the femur in germfree rat, but the ratios among these minerals were similar. No difference in the mineral composition of kidneys was observed between germfree and conventional rats. These data clearly suggest that the presence of microflora in the gut influences the metabolism of calcium, phosphorus and magnesium.