Effects Of High-speed Rail Research Articles

고속철도의 경쟁전략이 운송시장의 운임과 점유율에 미치는 영향 분석

고속철도의 경쟁전략이 운송시장의 운임과 점유율에 미치는 영향 분석

Reseña de La Rampa de Pajares

La visión del transporte ferroviario ha sido casi excepcional entre los geógrafos españoles, como pudimos comprobar con ocasión de la Reunión del Grupo de Trabajo ‘Geografía del Transporte’ de la UGI, celebrada en León en agosto de 1986, al amparo de la Conferencia Regional sobre Países Mediterráneos. Si bien se contaba ya con trabajos pioneros de tipo teórico, como el desarrollado en la Universidad de Barcelona —denominado Equipo Urbano y dirigido por Horacio Capel—, que aplica el modelo de simulación a la red ferroviaria española (Revista de Geografía, 1972), o con algunas monografías de estudio sobre Los Accesos ferroviarios a Madrid (María Pilar González Yanci, 1977), Los Ferrocarriles del Sureste (Antonio Abellán García, 1979) y, posteriormente, siguen, entre otras, alguna Tesis doctoral como El Transporte de viajeros por ferrocarril en la Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid (Gloria Fernández-Mayoralas, 1988), que se complementan con estudios sobre los ferrocarriles de vía estrecha o más recientemente sobre la Alta Velocidad ferroviaria y sus efectos.

Interactive effects of high-speed rail on nodal zones in a city: exploratory study on China

The arrival of the high-speed rail (HSR) era has accelerated the pace of urban development, but its broad socioeconomic impact remains subject to intense debates. This research aims to propose a model for measuring the impact of HSR operation on HSR stations and the surrounding areas, which this research call the HSR-based nodal zone (HNZ). The proposed model is composed of two variables (i.e., transportation situation and vitality) and three subsystems (i.e., economic, societal, and environmental). Data were collected in China through questionnaire survey. Results indicate that the effects of HSR operation on HNZ are multidimensional, transportation vitality has an intermediary role in the effects, and the effects on the physical environment are negative. This study presents an early examination of the impact of HSR operation on the HSR stations and relevant areas and contributes new evidence to academic debates on the contribution of HSR to urban development. Accordingly, urban development policies should be built on the mechanism of HSR in driving the growth of HNZ.

The Effect of High-Speed Rail on Regional Economy in China Using AHP

The opening of the high-speed rail is a technological revolution in the transportation industry, which reflects the comprehensive strength of the country to some extent. It generated a lot of researches on high-speed rail in transportation, tourism, economy, etc. However, there are few studies on the impact of high-speed rail on regional economic development by the analytic hierarchy process. On the basis of reading and collating related literature, the paper put forward the quantitative and qualitative methods in effect of high-speed rail (HSR) on regional economic development. According to the theory of Regional Economy development and the practical condition of high-speed rail in China, this paper provides a new evaluation index system including 2 layers (direct and indirect effects), and establishing 6 indexes for the effect of high-speed rail on regional economy in China. The weights of factors in index system are gave by using Analytic Hierarchy Process. The main conclusion from the paper is that high-speed rail a direct impact on the regional economy is greater than indirect And the following of the ranking result of the indicator regional: passenger traffic>node accessibility > regional investment benefit> tourism development> regional industrial structure> urbanization levels. This is not only a great significance to the development regional economy of China, but also applicable to other districts for the development of local economies by HSR.

Effects of high-speed rail on urban land use from the perspective of “space of flows”：An analysis based on DPSIR-PLS model

Effects of high-speed rail on urban land use from the perspective of “space of flows”：An analysis based on DPSIR-PLS model

国外高速铁路经济、空间影响研究进展综述

国外高速铁路经济、空间影响研究进展综述

The effects of high-speed rail on air passenger transport in China

ABSTRACTThis study investigates the effects of high-speed rail (HSR) on China’s air passenger transport from the perspective of airports. The difference-in-differences approach is used with unbalanced panel data of 206 airports over the period from 2006 to 2015. Our estimation results found that the negative effects of HSR on the growth rate of China’s air passengers is both statistically and economically significant. However, these adverse effects are not catastrophic.

Job and population location choices and economic scale as effects of high speed rail: Simulation analysis of Shinkansen in Kyushu, Japan

Establishing transportation infrastructure stimulates economic activity. It also effects on economic disparities between regions. Accordingly, researches have been carried out on the economic effects of establishing transportation infrastructure. On one hand, establishing transportation infrastructure could be the important means for correcting disparities. Conversely, establishing transportation has the potential to bring about greater economic inequality between regions. This study created an inter-regional computational general equilibrium model to analyze the effect of establishing high speed rail (HSR) on the regional economy. A simulation analysis is performed by applying the model to the opening of Kyushu HSR. In base scenario with one route operation, economic scale grew in each region and discrepancies widened between prefectures. While we observed a growth for population, jobs, and economic scale in the regions with improved access, a decline in the population in other prefectures was noticed. In the case of jobs and economic scale, growth is observed in every prefecture. However as the degree of such growth was small, disparities widened. By establishing HSR over a wider area, the degree of growth disparity weakened, and growth approached a proportional pattern. The hypothetical scenarios, which consider the non-availability of the transfer of HSR between Kyushu and outside Kyushu are also simulated.

Effects of train speed on airline demand and price: Theory and empirical evidence from a natural experiment

This study investigates, both theoretically and empirically, the effects of high-speed rail (HSR) speed on airline traffic and price, taking into account the degree of substitutability between the two services. Our model incorporates two countervailing effects of HSR speed, namely the “travel time” effect and the “safety” effect: while increasing HSR speed reduces HSR travel time, it may bring about a safety concern especially in emerging HSR markets such as China. Our theoretical analysis suggests that HSR speed impact on airline traffic and price depends on the relative dominance of the travel-time and safety effects, and air-HSR substitutability may reinforce the HSR speed effect. Furthermore, HSR speed has a larger impact on airline traffic than on airline price. Our empirical results from a rare natural experiment of HSR speed reduction in China show that HSR speed reduction raises both airline traffic and price, suggesting the dominance of travel-time effect. More importantly, consistent with the theoretical prediction, the HSR speed effect is empirically stronger on short-haul routes where the airline and HSR services are more substitutable.

No difference in effect of high-speed rail on regional economic growth based on match effect perspective?

This study constructs a market area evolution model from the perspective of economic subject and location matching under the hypothesis of non-homogeneous space. It is proved that transportation development can reduce transport costs, which is closely related to location factor endowments. As such, we believe that when analyse the economic impact of new means of transportation, both overall analysis and different line analysis should be taken into account. Therefore, the economic impact of high-speed rail were studied by DID and PSM-DID methods. The results show that China's high-speed rail construction has a positive effect on economic growth and will become an important force in reshaping the organization of China’s spatial economy. However, the effect is different for different high-speed rail lines. Thus, Chinese government needs to fully consider the economic impact of high-speed rail. In addition, the government needs to formulate a high-speed rail economic belt plan in accordance with the characteristics of different rail lines. Furthermore, China needs to adjust its regional development strategy and regional policies accordingly, because the role of high-speed rail is mainly depends on whether a location has the necessary conditions to achieve the desired effect. Therefore, a city should adjust and recombine the local factor endowment to align with high-speed rail if it wants to capitalize on the new high-speed rail. Otherwise, the introduction of high-speed rail likely to adversely impact economic growth, which make the city a peripheral city.

Do China's high-speed-rail projects promote local economy?—New evidence from a panel data approach

This paper evaluates the effect of High Speed Rail (HSR) projects on the economic growth of targeted city nodes (HSR cities) in China using prefectural-level city data from 1990 to 2013. Employing a panel data program evaluation method devised by Hsiao, Ching, and Wan (2012), we construct hypothetical counterfactuals for per capita real GDP of HSR cities in the absence of their respective HSR projects using the outcomes in selected non-HSR cities. We find that the responses to HSR treatment are heterogeneous with regard to location, route, and region. The location-level impact ranges between 5% and 59% and is not temporary. HSR cities with positive effects concentrate along the Hu-Ning Segment, the Yong-Tai-Wen-Fu-Xia Segment, and within the Hunan province along the Wu-Guang HSR. These cities are mainly located in the eastern coastal regions of China, in core urban agglomeration regions that allow them to be transportation hubs. In general, the gain for local economies is greater for cities that are more industrialized, with more ability of the service sector to absorb enough labor, and with better supporting infrastructure. On the other hand, local protectionism hampers the development of HSR cities. We also show that at different project stages, HSR cities experience different gains.

The evolution of accessibility surface of China in the high-speed-rail era

Numerous studies have investigated the accessibility effect of High Speed Rail (HSR) in China based on projected rail travel time across cities. This study aims to contribute to the literature by visualizing the evolution of the accessibility surface (as measured by economic potential) of China in the HSR era based on real travel time by train between station pairs and analyzing HSR’s potential impacts on the spatial disparity of China. We find that the development of HSR has significantly increased the economic potential of Chinese cities. In the meantime, cities with HSR access and cities in the prosperous eastern region benefitted more from the HSR-induced accessibility improvement compared with non-HSR cities and cities in the hinterland. Therefore, instead of contributing to diminishing regional disparity, HSR may lead to greater spatial unevenness in China.

Simulated Effects of the Location of High-Speed Rail Stations on Land Development: Case Study of the Lisbon Metropolitan Area, Portugal

This paper studies the effects of high-speed rail (HSR) on land cover change in the Lisbon metropolitan area (LMA) in Portugal according to a bilevel cellular automata/agent-based modeling framework. The model incorporates spatial mixed logit models at the local level and panel simultaneous equations models at the regional level. The regional submodel generates socioeconomic activities that are input into the local submodel for land development. The regional activities are also influenced by the local outputs. A backcasting simulation is executed to validate the model on the basis of the actual land cover change from 1991 to 2011. Five scenarios are then designed according to the numbers and the locations of HSR stations in the LMA. The simulation shows that the unbuilt land covers are largely developed by 2031, regardless of the inauguration of HSR. Under the scenarios with HSR, because of the dramatic improvement of accessibility, the land cover change speed is largely accelerated. With an additional station on the southern bank of the Tagus River, the overall accessibility does not further increase from the scenario with only one HSR station. Thus, the total land development remains similar. The enhanced access to the HSR service from the additional station contributes to the redistribution of the land cover change activities by moving them slightly southeastward. The results highlight the effect that station location could have on land cover change, pointing out the importance of carefully choosing the location.

Effects of high-speed rail and airline cooperation under hub airport capacity constraint

This paper analyzes the effects of cooperation between a hub-and-spoke airline and a high-speed rail (HSR) operator when the hub airport may be capacity-constrained. We find that such cooperation reduces traffic in markets where prior modal competition occurs, but may increase traffic in other markets of the network. The cooperation improves welfare, independent of whether or not the hub capacity is constrained, as long as the modal substitutability in the overlapping markets is low. However, if the modal substitutability is high, then hub capacity plays an important role in assessing the welfare impact: If the hub airports are significantly capacity-constrained, the cooperation improves welfare; otherwise, it is likely welfare reducing. Through simulations we further study the welfare effects of modal asymmetries in the demands and costs, heterogeneous passenger types, and economies of traffic density. Our analysis shows that the economies of traffic density alone cannot justify airline–HSR cooperation.

Effects of high-speed rail and air transport competition on prices, profits and welfare

This paper investigates the effects of competition between air transport and high-speed rail (HSR). While airlines are assumed to maximize profit, HSR may maximize a weighted sum of profit and social welfare. We show that both airfare and HSR fare fall as the weight of welfare in the HSR’s objective function increases, while airfare decreases, and rail fare increases, in the airport access time. Furthermore, airfare decreases in rail speed if the impact of HSR marginal cost with respect to rail speed is not too large. On the other hand, whether rail fare increases in rail speed depends not only on the HSR marginal cost but also on the weight of welfare. We further compare prices, profits and welfare between “with price discrimination” in which airlines price discriminate business from leisure passengers, and “without price discrimination”. Welfare in the HSR system can be either higher or lower with price discrimination: In particular, it is higher under price discrimination when the difference of gain from travel is sufficiently larger than the time value difference between business and leisure passengers. Finally, a numerical study on China’s markets is conducted in which both price and schedule frequency are considered as decision variables.