Effects Of Digital Technologies Research Articles

Recorded music supply network reconfiguration: the dual effect of digital technology

Current literature on the impact of technology innovation has mainly focused on manufacturing firms and networks and has considered technology impact as having an immediate effect on the supply network. This paper analyses how digital technology has impacted the recorded music supply network, a fast moving supply chain, arguing that it had a twofold effect. It was initially applied to the production process, displaying a competency enhancing effect but not changing substantially the industry structure and governance pattern. It was only when applied to the distribution process, the governance-granting process, that its impacts were fully deployed, allowing the entry of new types of players adopting new business models and challenging the former governance pattern: the hierarchical governance was replaced by a pattern in which agents organise themselves in project-based, adhoc configurations, and market access is not controlled by large companies.

The Role of Online Social Support in Supporting and Educating Parents of Young Children With Special Health Care Needs in the United States: A Scoping Review.

BackgroundWhen parents of young children with special health care needs (CSHCN) receive their child’s diagnosis, they encounter information they may not understand, emotions they may not know how to cope with, and questions about their child’s immediate and long-term future that frequently lack answers. The challenge of health care providers is how to prepare parents for caring for their CSHCN, for coping with any resulting challenges, and for accessing the systems and services that can assist them.ObjectiveThe purpose of this work was to review evidence of the information and support needs of parents of young CSHCN and to determine whether online social support can serve as an avenue for learning and empowerment for these parents.MethodsA scoping review identified the challenges, coping mechanisms, and support needs among parents of CSHCN, and the reach and effectiveness of digital technologies with these families and health care providers. We also conducted interviews with professionals serving parents of CSHCN.ResultsThe literature review and interviews suggested that parents best learn the information they need, and cope with the emotional challenges of raising a CSHCN, with support from other parents of CSHCN, and that young parents in recent years have most often been finding this parent-to-parent support through digital media, particularly social media, consistent with the theory of online social support. Evidence also shows that social media, particularly Facebook, is used by nearly all women aged 18-29 years across racial and socioeconomic lines in the United States.ConclusionsParents of young CSHCN experience significant stress but gain understanding, receive support, and develop the ability to care for and be advocates for their child through parent-to-parent emotional and informational social support. Online social support is most effective with young adults of childbearing age, with social media and apps being the most useful within the theoretical framework of social support. This opens new opportunities to effectively educate and support parents of young CSHCN. Providers seeking to inform, educate, and support families of CSHCN should develop strategies to help parents find and use social support through digital resources to facilitate their emotional adjustment and practical abilities to care for and access services for their child.

The Use of Technology in the ‘Third Age’: Findings from the Effects of Digital Technology on Seniors (EDITS) Project

Twenty-one seniors (aged 60+) were interviewedabout their use of digital technology. Grounded theoryand Key Point analysis were used to identify severalareas where these tools have become embedded intothe lives of seniors. These include informationseeking, news media, library usage, and readingpreferences.Vingt et un aînés (âgés de 60 ans et plus) ont étéinterrogés sur leur utilisation des technologiesnumériques. Nous avons utilisé la théorie ancréedans les données empiriques et l’analyse de point clépour identifier plusieurs domaines dans lesquels cesoutils se sont intégrés dans la vie des aînés. Ceux-cicomprennent la recherche d’information, lesnouvelles, l’utilisation de la bibliothèque et lespréférences de lecture.

New Techniques of Difference: On Data as School Pupils

Pupils—the learners of both educational thought and of educational practice—exist ever more as data, as do the strictures and goals through which these pupils are pedagogically managed. I elaborate this thought by way of a single example: a particular kind of pupils whose number is reportedly on the increase, namely pupils diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In my analysis I combine Hacking’s nominalist conception of human kinds and Weber’s instrumental rationalism with recent thinking about the effects of digital technologies on social organising. Discussed in more detail is a key consequence from data playing a primary role in bringing together ADHD as coherent idea and practice: if ADHD is primarily the digital and instrumental product of psychiatry and education, so that ADHD is only secondarily a reliable description of behaviour, then what is to count as valid description of ADHD as behaviour will depend firstly upon the character and application of the existing database and not on actual behaviours among pupils. The article concludes with the observation that such technological products as ADHD seem notably at odds with traditional values in education. Traditional notions of education as a form of personable nurture for example seem to contrast with the instrumental disinterestedness of managing pupils as data flows. Given the latter, there seems rising need to theorise social reproduction by data and of data in contemporary education.

How we see electronic games.

Theories regarding the influences of electronic games drive scientific study, popular debate, and public policy. The fractious interchanges among parents, pundits, and scholars hint at the rich phenomenological and psychological dynamics that underlie how people view digital technologies such as games. The current research applied Martin Heidegger’s concept of interpretive frameworks (Heidegger, 1987) and Robert Zajonc’s exposure-attitude hypothesis (Zajonc, 1968) to explore how attitudes towards technologies such as electronic games arise. Three studies drew on representative cohorts of American and British adults and evaluated how direct and indirect experiences with games shape how they are seen. Results indicated this approach was fruitful: negative attitudes and beliefs linking games to real-world violence were prominent among those with little direct exposure to electronic gaming contexts, whereas those who played games and reported doing so with their children tended to evaluate gaming more positively. Further findings indicated direct experience tended to inform the accuracy of beliefs about the effects of digital technology, as those who had played were more likely to believe that which is empirically known about game effects. Results are discussed with respect to ongoing debates regarding gaming and broader applications of this approach to understand the psychological dynamics of adapting to technological advances.

Social Media Use and Children's Wellbeing

Childhood circumstances and behaviours have been shown to have important persistent effects in later life. One aspect of childhood that has changed dramatically in the past decade, and is causing concern among policy makers and other bodies responsible for safeguarding children, is the advent of social media, or online social networking. This research explores the effect of children’s digital social networking on their subjective wellbeing. We use a large representative sample of 10-15 year olds over the period 2010 to 2014 from the UK Household Longitudinal Study, and estimate the effect of time spent chatting on social websites on a number of outcomes which reflect how these children feel about different aspects of their life, specifically: school work; appearance; family; friends; school attended; and life as a whole. We deal with the potential endogeneity of social networking via an instrumental variables approach using information on broadband speeds and mobile phone signal strength published by Ofcom. Our results suggest that spending more time on social networks reduces the satisfaction that children feel with all aspects of their lives, except for their friendships; and that girls suffer more adverse effects than boys. As well as addressing policy makers’ concerns about the effects of digital technology on children, this work also contributes to wider debates about the socioeconomic consequences of the internet and digital technologies more generally, a debate which to date has largely been based on evidence from outside of the UK.

Economic analysis of the digital economy

As the cost of storing, sharing, and analyzing data has decreased, economic activity has become increasingly digital. But while the effects of digital technology and improved digital communication have been explored in a variety of contexts, the impact on economic activity—from consumer and entrepreneurial behavior to the ways in which governments determine policy—is less well understood. Economic Analysis of the Digital Economy explores the economic impact of digitization, with each chapter identifying a promising new area of research. The Internet is one of the key drivers of growth in digital communication, and the first set of chapters discusses basic supply-and-demand factors related to access. Later chapters discuss new opportunities and challenges created by digital technology and describe some of the most pressing policy issues. As digital technologies continue to gain in momentum and importance, it has become clear that digitization has features that do not fit well into traditional economic models. This suggests a need for a better understanding of the impact of digital technology on economic activity, and Economic Analysis of the Digital Economy brings together leading scholars to explore this emerging area of research.

Organizing for a Digital Future: Opportunities and Challenges

As the digital age unfolds, possibilities for designing, organizing and managing productive work are expected to look very different from today’s effective practices. More remains to be learned, however, about the digital organization of the future and how firms might, or even should, respond to digital developments. This report explores this issue through three questions: What is fundamentally changing because of digital? How is digital changing the opportunities and constraints of industries? How is digital changing the opportunities and constraints of organizational design? We argue that digital technologies fundamentally change human potential to access and act on a wealth of digital information. Focusing on the impact of digital technologies and digital data – rather than on the specific features of the tools themselves, we identify four interconnected, information-based capabilities underpinned by digital technologies: collection, connection, interpretation, and automation. Since the cost of acquiring or developing these capabilities is also declining, digital technologies are democratizing the potential to access information and act on it in economically and socially significant ways. As a result, competitive dynamics are rapidly changing in all kinds of industries – even those that seem removed from the effects of digital technologies! At the same time, the possibilities and challenges for organizing internally are evolving. These dual effects both enable and impel organizational leaders to rethink fundamental decisions concerning where they choose to operate in the value ecosystem (strategic choices) and how they design their internal organization (organization choices).In a digital future, all firms will confront new challenges to how they generate economic value. Firms that understand and establish strong digital capabilities will gain superior flexibility to choose where and how they play in their value networks.

Extra-Planetary Digital Cultures

Extra-Planetary Digital Cultures

The Effect of Digital Technology on the Morphological Building in Furniture Design

Digital technologies have become an intellectual reflection on the design vision in both functional and aesthetic aspects of furniture design.It has influenced its technological capabilities to create the idea of ​​design and morphological construction, so it became necessary for the furniture designer to realize the main possibilities of these technologies in order to update his design vision, and The importance of research is that it identifies the main methods of utilizing digital technologies in finding the design idea for furniture works. The main problem of research is the traditional morphological construction of furniture works; Digital techniques to find the design idea, and the research aims to study the positive impact of digital technologies on the emergence of the idea of ​​design in the furniture business, to move away from the traditional morphological construction

Bloggers Unplugged: Amateur Citizens, Cultural Discourse, and Public Sphere in Cuba

This article reconstructs and close-reads the encounters and dialogues between the alternative blogosphere and key intellectual and cultural actors in contemporary Cuba. These exchanges tell the story of voices that, having forced their entrance into the public arena, go from being subjects of an imposed anonymity – the refusal by various authorities to name them in public – to becoming an inevitable, and increasingly visible, referent for authorities as well as for other citizen initiatives. I argue that the rearrangement of the ‘official’ discourses about them codify an exclusion of speech in tactics rehearsed and ingrained in cultural and intellectual discourses associated with the survival of the revolutionary political order. In turn, the way these blogs respond to these strategies provides both a sustained critique of the limitations of the current debates on political and cultural autonomy in Cuba, and a model for democratic sociability through blogging. This analysis also provides opportunities to examine the effects of digital technology on emergent notions of citizenship and cultural participation, a key issue in contemporary communication research and media studies.

Hype and Hope

The article discusses free massive open online courses (MOOCs) for long-distance university classes, with a focus on how data analytics, streaming video, big data, and adaptive learning programs are used in global classrooms. Topics include the effect of digital technology on learning and education as of 2013, educational change, and the implications of technological innovations on the educational opportunities available to poor people in developing countries.

Deadly Professors: A Faculty Development Mystery (review)

Reviewed by: Deadly Professors: A Faculty Development Mystery John H. Metoyer Thomas B. Jones. Deadly Professors: A Faculty Development Mystery. Sterling, VA: Stylus, 2010. 192 pp. Cloth: $19.95. ISBN: 978-1579224509. Thomas Jones’s second faculty development novel, Deadly Professors: A Faculty Development Mystery, is just that: a sophisticated faculty development guide neatly woven into the plot of a campy higher education murder mystery novel. As a work of fiction, Deadly Professors is a well-conceived parody of the mystery novel that takes place on the campus of a small, private, liberal arts campus in St. Paul, Minnesota. At the core of the mystery are Jack Ramble, literature professor and department chair, and a group of his undergraduate students, who haphazardly (and I mean this in the best possible sense) fall into the study of African American mystery authors while taking Ramble’s honors literature class. As a result of their research and Ramble’s alternative approach to teaching the literature course, the students are able to unearth the key clue that leads to the mystery’s resolution. Peppered throughout the novel are issues, concerns, and characters that should be familiar to anyone working in higher education: the bumbling administrator, debates over multiculturalism, the effect of digital technology on the modern classroom, the unsavory trustee, departmental infighting, funding issues, campaigns against the liberal arts, and generational gaps among faculty to name a few. All of these elements exist in the novel as a platform for what the book is actually about—faculty development. Jones, whose expertise lies, in part, in faculty development, includes a chapter-by-chapter guide of discussion questions and faculty development activities that touch on all of the issues raised throughout the novel. The deaths are as ghoulish and campy as anything you would find in a Vincent Price movie from [End Page 132] the 1970s, and many of the characters in the novel follow suit: over-the-top stereotypes whose flat predictabilities serve as a foil to the more realistic and likeable characters—faculty and students, of course. Toward the end of the fiction portion of the text, readers of a certain age will no doubt summon up the dénouement of almost every Scooby Doo episode: “And I would have gotten away with it, too. . . ” In fact, one line from Deadly Professors reads, “If it weren’t for you two professors and those students in your class, we’d have never suspected more than what was in front of our noses” (p. 155). Add a Great Dane and a psychedelic van, and you are there. Corn and campiness aside, Deadly Professors takes a light-hearted, fun, and fresh approach to what can be the bane of many professors’ careers: faculty development. While the book will be of great interest to faculty new to the profession, more seasoned professionals will also find value in the inclusive and novel means by which Jones approaches faculty development. The workshop portion of the text approaches professional enrichment through the lens of active learning. Development becomes a group activity that requires thought and conversation regarding serious issues facing most in American higher education. Deadly Professors is not a “how to” guide for dealing with contemporary issues on campus, but more of a “how would you” guide, allowing faculty to respond locally to problems facing campuses nationally. John H. Metoyer Vice President of Academic Affairs, City Colleges of Chicago—Harold Washington College Copyright © 2012 Association for the Study of Higher Education

The Digital Transformation of Special Collections

ABSTRACT The effect of digital technology on special collections has been profound and ongoing. The purpose of this article is to explore the effect born digital materials, digitization, and intellectual property have had on special collections in the 21st century. In particular this study will focus on how archival materials have been significantly transformed by interacting with digital technology—providing both challenges in management and opportunities for new online environments to expose this content worldwide. Finally, a research experiment underway at the University of Virginia Library offers a framework that may help highlight some strategies for exploiting new opportunities going forward.

REMEDIATIONS

This study assesses predictions about the effects of digital technologies in relation to the underlying premises on which such arguments are asserted. It does so by revisiting similar debates that circulated when photography first emerged as a popular medium. In considering why autographic photographs form such a significant basis for photography's initial development, this study signposts the importance of remediation for any understanding of photographies; both in its concurrent forms and as a history of the medium. The argument advanced is that there is much to be learnt from how photography first established itself as a medium for how we can better understand recurrent debates that circulate in relation to digital imaging. In order to reveal how processes of remediation operate, a case study is offered of Hugh Annesley, an important early amateur photographer with notable proficiency in the wet collodion process. His work is considered in terms both of his practice and his collecting of photographs. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of locating photographic practices within a cultural and historical context and points to the shortcomings in pursuing technologically determinist arguments for an understanding of changes in visual culture.

InfoRAD 2005: Your Best Resource for Informatics Education

The Radiological Society of North America (RSNA) is on a mission to prepare you for the future of radiology. You might ask yourself, particularly if you read last year’s version of this editorial, “What have I done to become more knowledgeable and more comfortable with the digital revolution sweeping radiology?” Whatever positive steps you have taken, the RSNA and its Electronic Communications Committee, Refresher Course Committee, and Scientific Program Committee are more committed than ever to providing you with the tools you need at the upcoming annual meeting. As an amateur digital philosopher and observer, I always enjoy thinking about experiences that I have had since the last RSNA meeting that give some cohesion to the collection of course offerings and educational exhibits in the infoRAD arena. It is very fitting that the theme of the 2005 meeting is “Connecting for Lifelong Learning.” Do not be mistaken: Connecting means the Internet, the World Wide Web, and their support of digital delivery of educational materials. It is also fitting that the Annual Oration in Diagnostic Radiology is being given by my dear friend, Bill Brody, an electrical engineer and cardiovascular radiologist, who was asked to become president of Johns Hopkins University 10 years ago in part because of a report he wrote that advised the university how to remake itself in the digital world of the 21st century. In one of our conversations, Bill mentioned to me an upcoming book: The World is Flat, by Tom Friedman of the New York Times, which is a high-impact description of the effect of digital technology on all human endeavors, including medicine and radiology (1). The book should be required reading for my teenagers, my associates, and maybe you. The year 2005 will be remembered as a watershed in medical informatics. This year, a major national initiative for the electronic medical record (which definitely includes imaging) was launched from the White House. This effort promises to have an enormous impact on the way radiology is practiced. No matter what kind of practice setting you work in, a practical understanding of digital technologies will become increasingly essential. Recently, a fellow resident from my training program years ago stopped by for a visit. He practices in a big town in a rural area. He “had a few questions.” At lunch, we delved into obstacles of integrating radiology information systems and picture archiving and communications systems (PACS), speech technology integration, weaning referring physicians from hard-copy images, Web distribution of imaging studies and reports, community broadband network infrastructure, context management, HIPAA security, and community patient identification. And that was all before dessert. Today, at work, we hosted a radiologist and department support staff from the major metropolitan area of Jackson Hole, Wyoming, in a site visit for PACS selection “tire kicking.” I once wondered how our commercial friends were going to drop and support 1.5-T superconducting magnetic resonance imaging devices into rural hospitals. Not anymore, and especially not multidetector computed tomography. But all of these devices need PACS—that is, facility-wide PACS—to fully realize their potential. Your practice lies somewhere within the preceding spectrum of extremes—from the two rural settings to a sophisticated, urban digital environment. We believe that we have something for everyone along this spectrum in the informatics offerings at RSNA 2005. For starters, the Society for Computer Applications in Radiology (SCAR) and RSNA have formed a collaboration for your educational benefit. The first year of this collaboration attempts to provide an informatics “boot camp” for radiologists. The first session has already occurred as a precursor to the SCAR annual meeting in June 2005. At the 2005 RSNA RadioGraphics 2005; 25:1405–1406 ● Published online 10.1148 /rg.255055146

Chrisi Bailey Award

AbstractThe Arts Council run Chrisi Bailey Award for young people's photography in schools is now entering it fifteenth year. The spirit of the award remains that of Chrisi Bailey's own view of photography as, an active medium of participation, through which the child can make discoveries, record and communicate about themselves and the world around them. This paper uses the work of the Chrisi Bailey Award as a kind of historical record, an archive, which can now be looked at in terms of changes in photography, representation and education. It asks three related questions. What view of creative, educational practice is present in the school projects? What view of representation is encoded in the selected images? What view of photography and its technologies are embedded in the children's practices? Through answering these questions the paper attempts to chart continuities and changes in our understanding of the cultural politics of self‐representation and the effects of digital technologies upon photographic practice. The paper reflects upon the tradition of photography in education and attempts to update its agendas.