Effect Of Different Concentrations Research Articles

Effect of Different Concentrations of Tomato Leaf Extract on Aphid Control in Rape Production in Zimbabwe

Rape (Brassica napus) is an important vegetable crop grown by smallholder farmers in Zimbabwe to achieve food and nutritional security. However, productivity and quality of rape are greatly dampened by aphids which reduce its palatability and quality. Chemical pesticides, while effective, pose environmental risks and can lead to pest resistance and resurgence, besides residual effects and bioaccumulation along the food chain. Tomato leaves are rich in phenolic and flavonoid compounds, that have shown promise as a botanical pesticide against aphids in other crops. This research aimed to establish the aphicidal components in tomato leaf extract using TLC and UV-Vis Spectroscopy; establish toxicity of the extract using laboratory bioassay, investigate the potential of different concentrations of tomato leaf extracts as a natural, environmentally friendly and sustainable approach to pest management against aphids in rape production at Kushinga Phikelela Agricultural College in Zimbabwe. A CRD with four treatments (0%, 20%, 40% and 60% of tomato leaf extract) and distilled water (negative control) replicated five times each was used. Aphid infestation (scored on a scale of 0-9), yield, leaf size, and plant height were measured fortnightly. Data was analysed for statistical significance using ANOVA while separation of significant means was done by Fisher’s Protected Least Significant Difference Test (LSD (5%). The results from combined analysis using TLC and UV- Vis Spectroscopy indicated that tomato leaf extract used in this research contained compounds (Solanine, Tomatine, Chaconine) which are known to be toxic to pests. There was a highly significant (p<0.001) difference among treatments on aphid mortality. The highest aphid mortality (95.57%) while the lowest (4%) was observed in 60% and 0% leaf extract respectively. Aphid infestation, leaf size and plant height were highly significant (P<0.001) during weeks 4, 6, 8 and 10 after transplanting. Aphid infestation in week 10 mean score was 8.8, 6.2, 3.8 and 0.8 for 0%, 20%, 40% and 60% tomato leaf extract respectively. Other parameters such as yield and leaf size were highest in the plots that received 60% tomato leaf extract sprays. Highly significant difference (P<0.001) in yield was observed in weeks 8 and 10, while significant difference (P<0.05) in yield was noted in weeks 4 and 6. However, in week two there were no significant differences among the treatments in yield and aphid infestation. Tomato leaf extracts contain secondary metabolites toxic to aphids and this can be used by resource constrained farmers. We recommend the use 60% tomato leaf extracts to control aphids in rape to sustainably achieve high yields.

Integrated transcriptomics and metabolomics reveal the mechanism of polystyrene nanoplastics toxicity to mice

Microplastic (MP) are an emerging environmental pollutant, which has toxic effects on organisms, and it has received extensive attention currently. Studying the transcriptomic and metabolic responses of mice to nanoplastic-contaminated water is critical for understanding molecular-level toxicity of nanoplastics (NPs), but there are few studies on this topic. To analyze the effects of different concentrations of polystyrene (PS) nanoplastic-contaminated water on mice at the transcriptome and metabolism of spleens to study the molecular toxicity. Here, testing of histopathology of spleen of female mice was performed after drinking water containing 0.1 μm PS-NPs (1 mg/mL and 50 mg/mL) at different concentrations for 49 days, respectively. The spleen tissue samples were subjected to metabolome and transcriptome sequencing. Four differentially expressed genes were randomly chosen for qRT-PCR to confirm the correctness of transcriptome sequencing. Common Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis showed that a large number of differential genes and differential metabolites mainly focused on immune, inflammation, neurodegenerative disease, cardiovascular disease, nervous, etc. in the organism systems module; lipid, amino acid, taurine and hypotaurine metabolisms, etc. in the metabolism module; signaling translation, signaling molecules and interaction, and neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, etc. in the environmental information processing. The results showed that pathway analysis at transcriptome and metabolome levels confirmed that the immune system of mice was affected after drinking water contaminated with polystyrene nanoplastics.

Negative effects of cigarette butt leachate on freshwater phytoplankton communities.

We experimentally tested the effects of different concentrations of cigarette butt leachate on freshwater phytoplankton chlorophyll-a, species richness, cell density, and community composition. For this, we sampled the phytoplankton from a eutrophic lake and acclimated it for 24 h in microcosms. We then conducted the experiment in microcosms maintained for 96 h. The experiment consisted of four treatments: control and leachate from 1 butt L-1 (T1), 5 butts L-1 (T5), and 10 butts L-1 (T10), which were prepared by diluting a stock solution of leachate from 50 butts L-1. We found that algal chlorophyll-a content was not affected by different leachate concentrations. In contrast, phytoplankton cell density decreased in a dose-dependent manner as concentrations of the leachate increased. Similarly, the number of species was highest in the control group relative to all other treatments, with T1 and T5 showing higher species richness than T10. Additionally, the exposition to different concentrations of the leachate impacted community composition across all treatments in comparison to the control group. Our results suggest that cigarette butt leachate alters the number of cells and species, as well as the distribution of abundance, without necessarily reducing chlorophyll-a concentrations. Our findings indicate that to gain a comprehensive understanding of the effects of cigarette butt leachate on freshwater ecosystems, it is essential to evaluate more realistic scenarios that incorporate aquatic communities, rather than isolated species.

Effects of copper sulphate stress on the morphological and biochemical characteristics of Spinacia oleracea and Avena sativa

Plants are subjected to various biotic and abiotic stresses that significantly impact their growth and productivity. To achieve balanced crop growth and yield, including for leafy vegetables, the continuous application of micronutrient is crucial. This study investigates the effects of different concentrations of copper sulphate (0, 75, 125, and 175 ppm) on the morphological and biochemical features of Spinacia oleracea and Avena sativa. Morphological parameters such as plant height, leaf area, root length, and fresh and dry weights were optimized at a concentration of 75 ppm copper sulfate. At this concentration, chlorophyll a & b levels increased significantly in Spinacia oleracea (462.9 and 249.8 \U0001d707\U0001d454/\U0001d454), and Avena sativa (404.7 and 437.63\U0001d707\U0001d454/\U0001d454). However, carotenoid content and sugar levels in Spinacia oleracea were negatively affected, while sugar content in Avena sativa increased at 125 ppm (941.6 µg/ml). Protein content increased in Spinacia oleracea (75 ppm, 180.3 µg/ml) but decreased in Avena sativa. Phenol content peaked in both plants at 75 ppm (362.2 and 244.5 µg/ml). Higher concentrations (175 ppm) of copper sulfate reduced plant productivity and health. Plants exposed to control and optimal concentrations (75 and 125 ppm) of copper sulpate exhibited the best health and growth compared to those subjected to higher concentrations. Maximum plant height, leaf area, root length, fresh and dry weights were observed at lower concentrations (75 and 125 ppm) of copper sulfate, while higher concentrations caused toxicity. Optimal copper sulfate levels enhanced chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, protein, and phenol contents but inhibited sugar and carotenoid contents in both Spinacia oleracea and Avena sativa. Overall, increased copper sulfate treatment adversely affected the growth parameters and biochemical profiles of these plants.

Salvia Miltiorrhiza Injection Inhibited the Proliferation of AML Cells by Inducing Apoptosis through the p38MAPK Pathway.

The purpose of this study was to explore the antitumor effect and mechanism of Salvia miltiorrhiza injection (SMI) on acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells in vitro and in vivo. Bioinformatics was used to detect c-Myc mRNA expression in AML patients in the Oncomine database. qRT‒PCR and western blotting were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression of c-Myc and HOXA5 in clinical samples. Different concentrations (6.25, 12.5, 25, 50 and 100 μg/mL) of SMI were added to KG1a and HL60 cells for 24, 48 and 72 h to determine the IC50 value of SMI. A CCK-8 assay was used to detect the effects of different concentrations of SMI and different treatment times on the proliferation of KG1a and HL60 cells. The indicated concentrations of SMI and SB203580 were used to treat KG1a and HL60 cells. The cell cycle distribution was determined by flow cytometry. The percentage of apoptotic cells was detected by Hoechst 33258 staining and flow cytometry. qRT‒PCR was performed to detect the mRNA expression of p38, c-Myc and HOXA5 in KG1a and HL60 cells. Western blotting was used to detect the protein expression of p38, p-p38, c-Myc, HOXA5, cCaspase 3 and cPARP in KG1a and HL60 cells. AutoDock software was used to analyze the molecular docking of the three main active components of SMI with c-Myc. AutoDock analysis revealed that the binding effect of molecular leisure was evaluated by binding energy, and a binding energy <-5 kcal/mol was considered good. SMI decreased the mRNA and protein expression of c-Myc and HOXA5. SMI significantly inhibited the proliferative activity of KG1a and HL60 cells and induced their apoptosis. However, SMI had no significant effect on the cell cycle distribution of KG1a and HL60 cells. With increasing SMI concentrations, the p-p38/p38 ratio increased, while the protein expression of c-Myc and HOXA5 decreased, and the protein expression of cCaspase and cPARP increased. However, SB203580 intervention in addition to SMI reversed these changes. Tanshinone IIA, cryptanshinone and salvianolic acid B can bind to multiple sites of c-Myc. In summary, SMI could be used for the treatment of acute leukemia, and its mechanism may be related to activation of the p38MAPK signaling pathway.

Improvement of fire safety for viscose fabrics based on phytic acid modified tea polyphenols complexed iron ions

In this work, a multifunctional finishing agent named as PATFe was prepared from phytic acid (PA), tea polyphenols (TP), and Fe3+. The optimum weight ratio of PA to TP was determined by exploring the effect on flame retardant and tensile properties of viscose fabrics. Then, the effects of different concentrations of iron ions on the flame retardant and tensile properties of viscose fabrics were further investigated, and finally, multifunctional viscose fabrics, PATFe-9, were prepared. The system was investigated to confer the multifunctional effects on the flame retardant, bacteriostatic, and UV-resistant properties of viscose fabrics under the condition of lower weight gains (about 6.0 wt%). The limiting oxygen index of PATFe-9 reached 33.7 % with a weight gain of 6.1 wt%, and PATFe-9 had an inhibition effect against Staphylococcus aureus, and the ultraviolet protection factor value reached 67. It is worth noting that the breaking force retention rate of this system reached 100 %, which greatly improves the scope of use and added value of viscose fabrics.

Histological study on the effect of different concentrations of adipose derived stem cells in enhancing wound healing of excisional skin wounds in adult albino rats

Histological study on the effect of different concentrations of adipose derived stem cells in enhancing wound healing of excisional skin wounds in adult albino rats

OPTIMIZATION OF VCO LOTION PREPARATIONS WITH VARIATIONS CETYL ALCOHOL AND CARRAGEEN CONCENTRATIONS USING SLD METHOD

Lotion is a cosmetic preparation of an emollient group that contains a large amount of water. This formulation possesses several properties, namely, as a source of moisture for the skin, providing an oily layer that makes the hands and body soft. VCO is utilized as a natural skin moisturizer to prevent tissue damage and protect the skin. VCO has a very high moisture content, which prevents skin dryness. A lotion was formulated with an emulsifying agent to stabilize the emulsion system. One of the constituent ingredients of the lotion is cetyl alcohol, which functions as an emulsifying agent. Cetyl alcohol can be substituted by carrageenan, which serves the same function with the added benefit of being a humectant. The aim of this study was to identify the formulation of VCO lotion and to investigate the effect of different concentrations of the emulsifying agents cetyl alcohol and carrageen on physical evaluation tests, namely organoleptic tests, homogeneity tests, spreading tests, pH tests, adhesion tests, emulsion type tests, and viscosity tests in lotion formulations. An experimental method was employed in this study. The research was carried out by making lotions from various ingredients containing the active ingredient VCO at a concentration of 7%, as well as varying concentrations of cetyl alcohol (range 2-5%) and carrageenan (range 1-3%) as an emulsifying agent and additional ingredients for the preparations whose optimization had been determined using the simplex lattice design method ...

Coating effect of polyurethane-layered double hydroxide nanocomposite on steel

The motivation behind this work is the preparation of polyurethane-magnesium aluminum layered double hydroxide (PU-LDH) nanocomposite and its application as a coating for steel protection. The coating was prepared with different doses of LDH, ranging from 0 to 2% of the coating weight. The effect of different concentrations on the mechanical, adhesion, and surface properties of PU coating is studied. Firstly, LDH was prepared via the coprecipitation process and then distributed in PU matrix. The nanocomposites were then crosslinked in the form of coating layers on steel. The preparation of the thermally stable crystalline LDH nanoparticles with 89 nm particle size was confirmed by FTIR, XRD, DLS, and TGA. SEM photos showed the dispersed and intercalated structure. The coating characteristics demonstrate that addition of LDH decreased the drying time and increased the dry film thickness of PU up to 1.5% due to the crosslinking between the large surface area nanofiller and polyurethane matrix. Furthermore, the prepared LDH nanofiller increased the adhesion strength, impact resistance, abrasion resistance, modulus, and flexibility of PU due to the strong polymeric network structure. The 2% nanocomposite coating shows poor properties due to the excess concentration and heterogeneous dispersion of nanoparticles within the PU polymer. The resistance to fire and some chemicals was supported by the thermally and physically stable LDH nanoclay. The former characterizations state that the proposed PU-LDH nanocomposite is an enhanced and applicable coating.

Effect and mechanisms of surface treatment using nano titanium dioxide on the permeability of cementitious materials

Corrosive media typically penetrate the interior of cementitious materials through porous structures, causing corrosive damage. Strengthening the surface structure of the substrate is an effective method for enhancing the durability performance of such a material. This study investigates the effects of different concentrations of a nano titanium dioxide suspension (NTS) used for the surface treatment of cement specimens after 24 h of molding and the influence of this treatment on the impermeability of the substrate surface. The results indicate that at 28 d of hydration, water absorption by the 1 % NTS-treated specimens decreases by 45 %, and the resistance to chloride-ion penetration increases by 32.7 % with respect to that of the control group. Furthermore, results of the microscopic tests indicate that when NTS surface treatment is conducted on hardened cementitious materials, NTS provides nucleation sites to enhance the degree of cement hydration, fill minuscule voids, promote the dispersed growth of hydration products, optimize the surface pore structure, and increase the density of the microstructure, thereby improving the impermeability of the substrate surface. This study is expected to provide innovative ideas for the future utilization of nanomaterials for strengthening surface structures and enhancing the durability performances of cementitious materials.

Influence the foliar application of smoke-water and Fe, Zn, Ti nanoparticles on some qualitative and quantitative characteristics of sage (Salvia officinalis L.)

ABSTRACT This research has investigated the effect of different concentrations of nanoparticles (zinc, iron, titanium) and smoke-water on some growth and physiological characteristics of the medicinal plant sage. A factorial experiment was conducted in the form of a randomised complete block design with three replications in the research greenhouse of the Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Iran, over two consecutive years, 2021 and 2022. The first factor included foliar spraying of nanoparticles of Fe, Zn, Ti with two levels: 0 and 50 mg l−1. The second factor was foliar spraying using smoke-water with two levels of 0.5 and 1 mg l−1. Treatments were applied in three stages after graft establishment. Results indicated that the highest stem dry weight (68.477 g) occurred with 0.5 mg l−1 smoke-water without nanoparticles. At 0 mg l−1 smoke-water, titanium (64.493 g) and iron (65.193 g) nanoparticles yielded the highest stem weights. Application of 0.5 mg l−1 of smoked water improved the dry weight of leaves and stems. Foliar spraying of 50 mg l−1 of zinc and titanium nanoparticles also increased growth characteristics and chlorophyll content of sage leaves. In both cuttings, different concentrations affected some growth characteristics and photosynthetic pigments of sage plants.

Cryoprotectant optimization for enhanced stability and transfection efficiency of pDNA-loaded ionizable lipid nanoparticles

Advances in gene therapy, exemplified by mRNA vaccines against COVID-19, highlight the importance of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) for nucleic acid delivery despite challenging storage conditions. Substituting mRNA with pDNA in LNPs may enhance stability and efficacy, yet maintaining LNP stability poses challenges, particularly during freeze-drying. Cryoprotectants offer potential to mitigate destabilization, improving LNP properties and in vivo performance. Here, we evaluated the effects of different concentrations of various cryoprotectants on the freeze-drying process of pDNA-loaded LNPs, assessing their physicochemical characteristics and transfection efficiency. Stability was examined under various storage conditions, confirming biological efficacy post-storage. Our results highlight the role of cryoprotectants in optimizing freeze-drying for the extended shelf life of nucleic acid-loaded LNPs. Trehalose emerged as an efficient cryoprotectant, maintaining LNP stability after the freeze-drying process for up to 2 years, with diameters and transfection efficiency comparable to fresh formulations. These findings demonstrate the optimized concentration of cryoprotectants to sustain LNP stability despite freeze-drying and prolonged storage, providing valuable insights for nucleic acid-based therapies.

Synthesis of bio-polyol-functionalized nanocrystalline celluloses as reactive/reinforcing components in bio-based polyurethane foams by homogeneous environment modification

Nanocrystalline Cellulose (NCC or CNC) is widely used as a filler in polymer composites due to its high specific strength, tensile modulus, aspect ratio, and sustainability.However, CNC hydrophilicity complicates its dispersion in hydrophobic polymeric matrices giving rise to aggregate structures and thus compromising its reinforcing action. CNC functionalization in a homogeneous environment, through silanization with trichloro(butyl)silane as a coupling agent and subsequent grafting with bio-based polyols, is herein investigated aiming to enhance CNC dispersibility improving the filler-matrix interaction between the hydrophobic PU and hydrophilic CNC. The modified CNCs (m_Ci) have been studied by XRD, SEM, and TGA analyses. The TGA results show that the amount of grafted polyol is strongly influenced by both its molar mass and OH number and the maximum amount of grafted polyol reaches up to 0.32 mmol per grams of functionalized CNC, within the explored conditions. The effect of different concentrations (1–3 wt%) of m_Ci on the physical, morphological, and mechanical properties of the resulting bio-based composite polyurethane foams is evaluated. Composite PU foams present compressive modulus up to 4.81 MPa and strength up to 255 kPa more than five times higher than those reinforced with unmodified CNC or with modified CNC in heterogeneous chemical environment. The improvement of mechanical properties of the examined PU foams, as a consequence of the incorporation of bio-polyols modified CNCs where polyol's OH groups interact with polyurethane precursors, could further broaden the use of these materials in building applications.

Optimizing ‘red Fuji’ apple quality: Auxin-mediated calcium distribution via fruit-stalk in bagging practices

In apples, a bottleneck effect in calcium (Ca) transport within fruit stalk has been observed. To elucidate that how auxin affects Ca forms and distribution in the apple fruit stalk, we investigated the effects of different concentrations of auxin treatment (0, 10, 20, and 30 mg·L−1) on Ca content, forms, distribution, and fruit quality during later stages of fruit expansion. The results showed that auxin treatment led to a dramatic reduction in total Ca content in stalk, while an approximately 30 % increase in fruit. Furthermore, auxin treatment effectively enhanced the functionality of xylem vessels in vascular bundles of the stalk in bagged apples. Finally, TOPSIS method was used to assess fruit quality, with treatments ranked as follows: IAA20 > NAA20 > IAA30 > IAA10 > CK > NPA. The findings lay a foundation for further studies on the bottleneck in Ca transport within stalk, uneven distribution of Ca in fruit, and provide insights into Ca utilization efficiency in bagged apples.

Characterization of Mung Plants Treated with Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Using Raman and Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopy Coupled with Chemometrics

In order to meet the demands of the expanding population, nanotechnology-based materials are being investigated for a potential solution to enhance crop yield. This study examines the effect of different concentrations (0.2, 0.6, 1.0, and 1.4 mM) of iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe2O3 NPs) on mung plants using confocal micro Raman and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. The analysis shows that the biochemical profile of the plants is altered. The increased intensity values of carotenoids, pectin, lignin, proteins, cellulose, carbohydrates, and aliphatics observed in Raman spectroscopy, along with increased concentrations of photosynthetic pigments in ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, suggest that Fe2O3 NPs positively impact mung. In agro-related studies, Raman spectroscopy in assistance with chemometric analysis provides a reliable, noninvasive, fast, and label-free recognition and classification of plants under biotic or abiotic stress. Principal component analysis (PCA), linear discriminant analysis (LDA), and principal component analysis-linear discriminant analysis (PCA-LDA) were applied to the Raman spectra of treated and untreated mung leaves for rapid categorization and precise prediction. The results show that PCA-LDA achieved superior predicting performance and visualization, with an accuracy of 70%, along with higher recall, precision, f1 score, and area under receiver operating characteristics curves compared to LDA. The study reveals that spectroscopic techniques combined with chemometrics have great potential for confirmatory, nondestructive, and label-free assessments of biotic and abiotic stresses in plants.

Use of the Sulfur-Containing Growth Regulator Tiaton for Rooting Micro-Gears of Grapes in Culture in vitro

The study was carried out to evaluate the effect of a nutrient solution for the rhizogenesis of grape micro–gears in the Murasiga-Skuga medium (MS) with the addition of various concentrations of the drug Tiaton (0.1, 0.15, 0.20 and 0.25 ml/l). In experiments, the effect of different concentrations of the drug Tiaton on the rooting and vegetative growth of grapes of the Khasansky and Moskovsky White hybrids in vitro was studied. When the Tiaton preparation was added to the MS nutrient medium in various concentrations, the rooting capacity of the micro-gears of the Khasansky hybrid grape increased by 40%, the total root length increased by 2.4 times compared with the control. In the Moscow White hybrid, when using the Triaton growth regulator, an increase in the rooting capacity of micro gears up to 25% and the total root length by 1.5 times is shown. The optimal concentrations of the Triaton preparation for addition to the MS nutrient solution for optimal rhizogenesis of micro-gears and the development of vegetative growth of cuttings of the studied grape hybrids have been established. Thus, for Khasansky hybrid grapes, the most optimal medium for improving rooting and root development of micro gears was ½ MS + 0.15 ml/l of Tiaton preparation. In the Moscow White hybrid, a significant increase in the rooting capacity of micro-gears and good development of the root system was obtained when Tiaton was added to the nutrient medium for rhizogenase of micro-gears in concentrations (0.15 and 0.20 ml/l).

Effect of different concentrations of inulin on ram sperm quality during cryopreservation

BACKGROUND: In reproductive biotechnology, sperm cryopreservation has a vital role to play. Cryopreservation of sperm produces reactive oxygen species (ROS), which disrupt sperm function and structural competence. Numerous protective chemicals, including fructans, have been used during sperm cryopreservation. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of different concentrations of the fructosan inulin on ram sperm quality parameters, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and malondialdehyde (MDA) production after freezing and thawing. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The pooled samples from four healthy rams were divided into seven equal aliquots and diluted in a Tris-base extender supplemented with 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 28 mM of inulin or without inulin supplementation (control). By using liquid nitrogen vapor, the semen was frozen and stored at 196°C. RESULTS: The total motility, viability, and DNA integrity were significantly improved after freezet-hawing with 28 mM inulin, compared to other treatment groups (P&lt;0.05). A Tris-based extender containing 16 and 28 mM of inulin displayed the highest levels of ram sperm membrane integrity when compared with the control (p&lt;0.05). The abnormality of ram sperm was increased during freeze-thawing at control and 1 mM of inulin, compared to 16 and 28 mM of inulin (P&lt;0.05). Additionally, 28 mM of inulin decreased MDA and increased SOD activity in ram sperm in comparison with the other treatments (P&lt;0.05). CONCLUSION: As a result, 28 mM of inulin could be beneficial for the cryopreservation industry and reduce the harmful effects of freeze-thawing on ram sperm.

Establishment of Shoot-tip Regeneration System of Watermelon

The aim of this study was to establish a regeneration system of watermelon. Watermelon W1 was selected as the experimental material using seedling shoots as a receptor. The effects of different concentrations of 6-Benzylaminopurine (6-BA) on the shoot-tip of watermelon seedlings were studied. Number of shoots at the stem tip were counted every other day until the new buds reached 2 cm. The new stem tip was cut, and the effect of different concentrations of Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium on the number of regenerated roots and root length of shoots were studied. The results showed that the differentiation rate was highest when the 6-BA concentration was 0.7 mg/mL to 0.8 mg/mL. The optimum concentration for root regeneration was 1/8 MS. At this concentration, the number rooted was the highest, and root length was also promoted.

Green fabrication of biomass-derived carbon dots and bio-based coatings: Potential of enhancing postharvest quality on Chinese flowering cabbage

The objective of this study was to develop a bio-nanocomposite coating (CQSC) by combining chitosan quaternary ammonium salt (CQAS) and sericin (SC) with biomass-derived carbon dots (CDs) to extend the shelf life of Chinese flowering cabbage (CFC). The effects of different concentrations of CDs (0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0 mg/mL) on the physicochemical, structural, and functional activity of nanocomposite particles were evaluated. CQAS exhibited strong inhibitory effects against Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. Moreover, the application of CQSC on CFC significantly reduced mass losses, slowed the increase in lignin content, maintained ascorbic acid and chlorophyll levels, inhibited the growth of microorganisms, and preserved the unique texture and aroma of CFC during storage at 10 °C compared with uncoated CFC. The results will contribute to the further development of CDs coatings to improve the postharvest preservation effect of fruits and vegetables.

Effect of biotic and abiotic elicitors on Salvadora persica callus in vitro

أجري البحث لغرض دراسة تأثير تراكيز مختلفة من الجسيمات النانوية (الكيتوزان وثاني أكسيد التيتانيوم) و Fusarium oxysporum كمحفزات لزيادة إنتاج المركبات الفعالة من كالس نبات المسواك. اظهرت نتائج المحتوى الكلي مركبات الفلافونويد والقلويدات التي ازاد انتاجها عند اضافة الكيتوسان بتركيز 5 ملغم / لتر، وثاني أكسيد التيتانيوم بتركيز 1 ملغم / لتر، و Fusarium oxysporum بتركيز 5 ملغم / لتر حيث اعطت 93.10 ملغم / 100 ملغم، 128.7 ملغم / 100 ملغم، و 107.61 ملغم / 100 ملغم على التوالي للفلافينودات بينما ساعدت المحفزات على انتاج القلويدات بمعدل 2.39 %، 3.91%، و2.20% على التوالي. وأوضحت النتائج التفوق في وجود مركبات الفلافونويد في العينات مقارنة مع القلويدات. بين تحليل HPLC( تحليل كروماتوغرافي سائل عالي الأداء) اختلافات كبيرة في زيادة إنتاج الفلافونويد (Rutin, Kaempferol, Quercetin, Catechin, Luteolin, and Apigenin) أدت إضافة الكيتوسان عند التركيز 5 ملغم / لتر إلى زيادة إنتاج Rutin ، بمقدار 39.89 ملغم/لتر. أما الكالس المستحث المعالج بثاني أكسيد التيتانيوم بتركيز 1 ملغم/لتر فقد أدى إلى زيادة Rutin بمعدل 35.89 ملغم/لتر. بينما ارتفع إنتاج Rutin إلى 30.12 ملغم/لتر عند معاملته بـ Fusarium oxysporum بتركيز 5 ملغم/لتر.