Effects Of Carbon Emissions Research Articles

The Impact of Fiscal Policy on Income Inequality and Health Outcomes in Sub-Saharan Africa Countries

This study estimates the relative effect of fiscal policy on income inequality and health outcomes in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) countries. The study covers the period 2010–2022 using panel data on 12 countries. Estimation is done using the System GMM estimation technique. It is shown that income tax (ICT) exerts a positive and significant effect on MORT. Government health expenditure (GXH) and population growth (POP) negatively but insignificantly influence MORT, while the effect of carbon emission (CO2) is positive, but not statistically significant. The effect of health-oriented development assistance (HODA) on MORT is negative and statistically significant. Additionally, government health expenditure (GXH) exerts a positive but insignificant effect on LFX. The effect of health-oriented development assistance (HODA) on LFX is also positive and statistically significant. Both income tax (ICT); the effect of POP is negative and significant. Finally, the study reveals that a one-period lag in income inequality (INQ) has a negative and significant effect on current INQ. In addition, government health expenditure (GXH), income tax (ICT), and population growth all exert a negative effect on INQ, with ICT being the most significant of all of them. The effect of health-oriented development assistance (HODA) and carbon emission (CO2) is found to be positive, but not statistically significant. Amongst others, the study recommends that countries across SSA formulate policies that will help in slowing down population growth to levels that are manageable and will not pose adverse health challenges in the region.

Intrinsic mechanisms and spatial effects of multidimensional urbanization and carbon emissions.

Existing studies on urbanization and carbon emissions are mostly based on a single pathway and lack the support of a theoretical framework. This study innovatively integrates Grossman's perspective of environmental effects analysis to develop a new framework to interpret the mechanism of multidimensional urbanization (MU) and carbon emissions (CEs). We first explored the spatial effects of MUs and CEs in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration (YRDUA) and then introduced the "population-land-economic" urbanization variables into the S-STIRPAT model to determine the impact mechanisms of each factor on CEs under different urbanization dimensions. The results show that the spatiotemporal development patterns of MUs and CEs overlap to some extent. The Shanghai-Nanjing line is a high-value area of urbanization with different dimensions, as some edge cities are in low-value areas. However, there are local differences in the different dimensions of urbanization, e.g., population urbanization in the southern area is in a high-value area. CEs show a core-edge structure of "high in the center and low in the north and south". All factors, except for population urbanization, affect CEs locally, and their spillover effects are all positive, except for energy intensity, which has a negative influence on CEs in neighboring regions. Land urbanization has the largest positive impact on CEs, with a total effect coefficient of 0.409; economic urbanization has a coefficient of 0.195, and population urbanization has a coefficient of only 0.070. The findings can help to maximize urbanization growth while minimizing harmful environmental externalities.

Effects of trade liberalization on the global decoupling and decomposition of CO2 emissions from economic growth

Evidence of climate change is widespread and severe across all parts of the world. This poses a threat to humanity, and the entire environment. Appropriate policies are therefore required to help reduce greenhouse gas emission levels, limit the rate of global warming and its impact on climate change while pursuing national growth targets. This study employs the Tapio decoupling method to analyse the decoupling relationship (DR) between economic growth and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from 1998 to 2018. We also apply the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) decomposition method on an extended Kaya identity to analyse CO2 emissions drivers in 145 countries. Last, the study examined the relative impacts of trade intensity and trade efficiency on the DR between economic growth and CO2 emissions. The results revealed that regions with relatively many developing and emerging countries (i.e., SSA, EAP, LAC, MENA, and SA) generally performed Weak Decoupling (WD), Expansive Negative Decoupling (END) and Expansive Coupling (EC), and the decoupling process was largely unstable. The ECA and NA regions on the other hand, which are typically composed of developed economies performed stable WD and Strong Decoupling (SD) statuses throughout the study period. The evidence further revealed that while trade intensity, activity, population, output per carbon emission and Carbon Intensity (CI) effects promote CO2 emissions, trade efficiency and energy intensity (EI) hinder emissions. We recommend that developing countries should enforce laws and cooperate with the developed economies to gain access to green technology to promote environmental sustainability.

Can China's regional carbon market pilots improve power plants' energy efficiency?

Power plants are facing huge climate change and policy risks. This paper identifies the effect of China's carbon emissions trading system (ETS) on plants' energy efficiency. For this purpose, we use a two-step approach. In the first stage, we apply a Meta-frontier Stochastic Frontier Analysis (MSFA) method to estimate the total-factor energy efficiency of China's large coal power plants. In the second stage, we use a bootstrapped truncated difference-in-differences (BT-DID) estimator to investigate the ETS' impact on power plants. Results show that the ETS trading policy significantly improves participating plants' energy efficiency by 0.043, compared to non-ETS plants, while the announcement policy doesn't. Besides, several other methods are introduced to solve the potential autocorrelation and heteroskedasticity problems in the second-stage regression. Further, we unveil that the trading policy improves plants' energy efficiency by reducing coal consumption without affecting power generation. Finally, the heterogeneity analysis proves that China Southern Power Grid, local plants, and plants with high carbon prices benefit more from ETS.

Carbon leakage or carbon reduction? Carbon emission effect of the production relocation of metal smelting industry in China

AbstractThe metal smelting industry (MSI) is one of the major carbon emission sectors in China, and it is of great significance to clarify the mechanism and truth of the carbon effect of production relocation (PR) of MSI for reducing national carbon emissions. Based on this thinking and previous studies, we proposed two concepts of relative carbon emission effect (RCE) and absolute carbon emission effect (ACE) of PR, then developed models to explore the impact of PR of MSI (PRM) on national carbon emission between 30 provincial administrative units in China from 2007 to 2017. The study demonstrates that the PRM and its ACE and RCE is divergent across provinces and regions. Overall, the PRM is beneficial to national carbon reduction under both relative and absolute scenarios. Specifically, the transfer‐in PRM of most provinces in central regions is beneficial to national carbon reduction, while the transfer‐out PRM of many provinces in coastal areas has worst carbon leakage effect.

Exploring digital finance, financial regulations and carbon emission nexus: New insight from resources efficiency, industrial structure and green innovation in China

The global climate crisis is exacerbated by the massive burning of fossil energy, represented by natural resource extraction and usage. Likewise, digital finance (DF) is critical to enable financial support for reducing natural resource consumption and supporting low-carbon development. Against this backdrop, this paper analyses DF's impact on carbon emissions under financial regulatory constraints using 274 Chinese cities data from 2011 to 2020. Results reveal that DF does not present a carbon mitigation effect but rather stimulates carbon emissions. The breadth of DF use mainly materializes the carbon emission effect of DF. Realizing the carbon reduction effect of DF depends on the moderating effect of financial regulatory constraints. DF has prominent universality characteristics under the constraints of financial regulation; such effect is more evident in resource-based cities, third- and fourth-tier cities, and central and western regions. The carbon reduction effect of DF under financial regulatory constraints is mainly achieved by stimulating green innovation, resource efficiency, and industrial structure upgrading.

Preface

The 5th International Conference on Global Issue for infrastructure, environment & socio-economic development (IC-GIESED 2022) was held in Makassar, Indonesia on November 23 - 24, 2022. IC-GIESED 2022 is dedicated to address issues related to Green and Sustainable Environment Towards Net Zero Carbon Cities, hosted by Post Graduate School of Hasanuddin University and Publication Management Unit (PMU), Hasanuddin University.Environmental scientists utilize the physical footprint as a quantitative calculation tool to determine how much natural resources are used by people on a daily basis. Climate disasters, economic losses, and an increase in global temperature are all effects of carbon emissions. Urban regions have a significant potential to lower carbon emissions because they will likely house around 56% of the world’s population by 2020 and will rise to 66% by 2050. According to their pledge under the Paris Agreement, industrialized nations must attain net-zero emissions or zero carbon emissions by 2050, by bringing together researchers, scientists, practitioners and scholars in the respected fields. Professors from Saudi Arabia and Australia are invited to deliver keynote speeches, together with invited speakers from United Kingdom, Malaysia, Australia and Indonesia. Their presence indicates the concern and role of the researchers, scientists and practitioners which are significant in keeping Global Issue for infrastructure, environment & socio-economic development.This proceeding present selected papers submitted to the conference by academics and researches from universities and research institutes. All papers were subjected to rigorous peer-reviews by conference committee members and international reviewers to ensure their compliance to meet the required standard for qualified scientific publication. This volume presents recent researches in the field of Global Issue for infrastructure, environment & socio-economic development covering various related areas: climate changes and earth resources, environment, infrastructure, innovation and renewable energy and waste managementWe would like to appreciate all authors who have contributed to this proceeding, the conference committee, speakers, attendees, organizing committee and sponsors who have made the 5th GIESED 2022 a success. We wish the conference will have significant contribution in field of global issue for infrastructure, environment & socio-economic development. We are also expecting that this conference proceeding contributes in looking at a new paradigm for global Issue for infrastructure, environment & socio-economic development.Baharuddin HamzahChair of Organizing Committee GIESED 2022.Hasanuddin University

Too dark to see: Does board governance moderate the relationship between carbon emissions and analyst forecast errors?

AbstractThis study aims to demonstrate that carbon emissions may increase analyst forecast errors because poor environmental performance obscures prospects for business operations. We further examine whether strong board governance moderates such a relationship. Using a sample of S&P 500 firms from the Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP), we employ Heckman's two‐stage model to examine our research questions. We find a positive association between carbon intensity and forecast errors, but strong board governance, captured by board independence, board diligence, and committee size, may mitigate this positive relationship. However, the effect is amplified for firms engaged in controversial governance practices such as CEO duality and long CEO tenure. Our study provides insight for managers by raising concerns due to high levels of carbon emissions and demonstrating that different governance characteristics may alleviate the adverse effect of carbon emissions on forecast errors.

Optimization of Preventive Maintenance Timing of Highway Bridges Considering China’s “Dual Carbon” Target

The dual carbon target is a two-stage carbon reduction goal proposed by China, while the bridge maintenance strategy does not consider the need for sustainable development. Therefore, this article studies the optimization of bridge maintenance timing under China’s dual carbon goals. Firstly, this paper aims to minimize the total cost of maintenance and carbon emissions, considering the continuous effects of carbon pricing and emissions in the context of the dual carbon goals. The CHINAGEM-E model is employed to predict carbon prices, and a preventive maintenance decision-making method for highway bridges is established. Secondly, based on the theory of material residual strength, a degradation model for the technical condition of highway bridges is constructed. Finally, an in-depth case analysis of an in-service highway bridge is conducted to derive optimal maintenance solutions under three scenarios. In comparison to scenarios considering only maintenance costs or those based on benchmark carbon prices, the comprehensive maintenance cost under the dual carbon targets is the highest. In the total maintenance cost, carbon emission costs constitute over 50%, emphasizing the need for increased attention to carbon emission cost studies in future maintenance research. The methodology proposed in this paper is the first to connect carbon prices with the timing of preventive maintenance for bridges, providing a more scientific and sustainable basis for future highway bridge maintenance decisions.

Do publicly developed logistics parks cause carbon emission transfer? Evidence from Chengdu

Publicly developed logistics parks (PDLPs) have been considered one of the measures in urban logistics policies to reduce carbon emissions. In response, this paper draws on the “pollution transfer” hypothesis, constructs a carbon emission analysis framework for PDLPs, and uses spatial econometric methods to explore their carbon emission effects. The findings suggest that from a global perspective, PDLPs can lead to the emergence of “pollution havens” in the suburban and exurban areas while relieving the carbon emission burden in the urban core. Secondly, PDLPs can further contribute to forming “pollution havens” by promoting logistic re-agglomeration, and the “innovation compensation” effect of PDLPs is not significant. Finally, the carbon emission effects of PDLPs are spatiotemporally heterogeneous. A carbon reduction effect is noted when the logistic re-agglomeration in the location of PDLPs is higher, and an “innovation compensation” effect is also produced when the technological innovation is higher.

Carbon emission potential of new energy vehicles under different electricity structures.

New energy vehicles have a significant impact on reducing green house gas (GHG) emissions in the transportation sector, but the ability of new energy vehicles to reduce emissions under various development scenarios and electricity energy mix needs to be studied in depth. In this research, a GRA-BiLSTM model is constructed to predict the ownership of new energy vehicles by three scenario settings. Then, the structure of the future energy generation is forecast using a regression model. Finally, the carbon emissions under different energy structures are quantified and compared based on the prediction results, focusing on their carbon emission effects. The results show that in 2035, under three different development scenarios, the new energy vehicle ownership will reach 5711, 18122.76, and 218.93 million units, and the carbon emissions will be 60.897 billion kg, 193.246 billion kg, and 233.451 billion kg, respectively, based on the future energy development structure, accounting for 86% of the carbon emissions from the existing power generation structure. The carbon emission potential of new energy vehicles depends to a large extent on the future scenario of the power generation mix as well as the market for new energy vehicle ownership.

Research on the Relationship Between Provincial OFDI And Carbon Emissions Under Dual Carbon Targets

With the development of economic globalization and China's continuous high-quality development, China's global status continues to rise, driving more and more companies to "go out" to conduct foreign direct investment overseas in order to seek a larger market, in the face of the two major tasks of "economic development" and "achieving dual carbon goals", studying the impact of foreign direct investment on my country's carbon dioxide emissions has a very important reality for whether our country can achieve economic transformation and fulfill its emission reduction commitments. and guiding significance. Therefore, this article based on the panel data of energy consumption in 30 provinces and regions in China from 2004 to 2019 . At the same time, per capita GDP, technological level, industrial structure, etc. were selected as control variables, a fixed effect model was established, and an empirical analysis was conducted on the carbon emission effects of my country's foreign direct investment by region and time period. Empirical analysis results show that: The increase in the scale of OFDI will promote the increase of carbon dioxide emissions in China, but there are significant differences in the carbon emission effects of various regions. The carbon emission effect of foreign direct investment in the eastern and western regions is significantly higher than that in the central region. Over time, the expansion of foreign direct investment will reduce the increase in carbon dioxide emissions it brings. In addition, the improvement of per capita GDP and industrial structure will increase carbon dioxide emissions, while the improvement of technological level will significantly reduce carbon dioxide emissions. Finally, reasonable policy suggestions are given based on the results of empirical analysis and the current situation of foreign direct investment and domestic carbon dioxide emissions.

Environmental decentralization and carbon emissions: evidence from China.

A robust environmental management system holds great significance for the Chinese government in effectively managing the country's carbon emissions. This study delves into the spatial impact of environmental decentralization on the carbon emissions of 30 Chinese provinces spanning from 2000 to 2019. First, we found that the increase in environmental decentralization promotes carbon emissions, and this effect is primarily driven by the delegation of environmental monitoring authority and environmental supervision authority. Second, we analyzed the heterogeneity of the carbon emission effects of environmental decentralization across different regions and observed that the impact of environmental decentralization is more significant in the western region compared to the central and eastern regions. Furthermore, this study investigates how the industrial structure, government competition, and environmental regulation exert an influence on the carbon emission effects of environmental decentralization. This article presents empirical evidence from the perspective of environmental management systems that underscores the rapid escalation of carbon emissions. Additionally, it contributes to an enhanced comprehension of the economic ramifications linked to the process of environmental decentralization. At the same time, the conclusions of this article have significant practical implications for the rational design of levels of environmental decentralization, thereby accelerating the achievement of carbon neutrality.

Spatiotemporal differences in and influencing effects of per-capita carbon emissions in China based on population-related factors

Intensive human activities and resource consumption in China have led to increasing carbon emissions, placing enormous pressure on achieving sustainable development goals. Nonetheless, the effects of population-related factors and carbon emissions remain controversial. This study focuses on the spatiotemporal differences in and influencing effects of per-capita carbon emissions using 2010–2019 panel data covering 30 regions in China. Differing from previous studies, population-related factors are employed to classify the 30 regions into 4 classes, and kernel density estimation, σ convergence and spatial econometric models are used to analyse the spatiotemporal differences in and influencing effects of per-capita carbon emissions. The results demonstrate that overall per-capita carbon emissions rose, but there was heterogeneity in the change in per-capita carbon emissions in the 4 classes of regions. The difference in regional per-capita carbon emissions has been widening, but the change rate of the difference stabilized. Overall, per-capita carbon emissions are heavily affected by household size; however, the driving forces behind per-capita carbon emissions in the 4 classes of regions vary. These results suggest that precise and coordinated governance of carbon emissions and reverting to the traditional household structure should be considered to meet the dual carbon goal.

Assessing insurer green finance in response to manufacturing carbon emissions trading in a dragon-king environment: A capped barrier cap option approach

It is essential to examine how carbon trading affects the financial performance of life insurers who offer funding in a challenging dragon-king environment. The primary focus of this study is to evaluate the effects of manufacturing-borrower carbon emissions trading on the insurer's interest margin and insurance stability. To this end, a capped barrier cap option model is developed to capture the manufacturing borrower credit risk from green operations, the quality of the dragon-king environment, and the insurer's equity valuation through liquidity management with life insurance policy loans. The findings of this study indicate that stricter regulatory caps increase insurer interest margins but hurt insurance stability. Additionally, green improvements help increase interest margins but create greater insurance instability. The increase in carbon allowances purchased by the carbon-intensive borrower for production permission increases the insurer's interest margins but reduces insurance instability. These energy policies create insurer profitability and financial instability, causing regulators to reconsider their energy policies from the perspective of fund providers. Our study contributes to the green literature by considering that manufacturing borrower cap-and-trade participation affects insurer performance in a dragon-king environment. The results of this study can inform policymakers and insurers in developing effective carbon trading strategies to balance profitability and stability in challenging environments.

THE POLICY EFFECT OF CARBON EMISSIONS TRADING ON GREEN TECHNOLOGY INNOVATION — EVIDENCE FROM MANUFACTURING ENTERPRISES IN CHINA

Based on the panel data of listed Chinese manufacturing enterprises from 2007 to 2019, this study uses the difference-in-differences-based propensity score matching method (PSM-DID) to explore the policy effect of carbon emissions trading on green technology innovation in manufacturing from the perspective of independent innovation of enterprises. The conclusions of this study show that: (1) Carbon emissions trading has significantly improved the level of green technology innovation of manufacturing enterprises; (2) the policy effect of carbon emissions trading on the green patent application is more than twice as much as on green utility model patent application. Compared with green utility model patent, the pilot policy of carbon emissions trading has a more significant and greater policy effect on the green invention patent application; (3) the private enterprises are more sensitive to the pilot policy of carbon emissions trading than state-owned enterprises (SOEs). The carbon emissions trading in China effectively promotes low-carbon and green development of enterprises.

A step towards food security: The effect of carbon emission and the moderating influence of human capital. Evidence from Anglophone countries

This study evaluated the influence of carbon emission, population growth, economic growth and human capital on food security (FOS) among five selected African nations (Nigeria, Ghana, Kenya, Zimbabwe, and Tanzania) by analyzing panel data from 1990 to 2021. Moreover, the study evaluated the moderation effect of human capital on the connection between carbon emission and food security. The study's initial findings confirm that the countries selected were interdependent, and the models' parameters were stationary and co-integrated. The empirical analysis from the cross-sectionally augmented autoregressive distributed lag (CS-ARDL) indicated that (1) carbon emission and population growth have an inverse connection with FOS. (2) In contrast, the results revealed that human capital and economic growth improve FOS. (3) The study outcome proved that human capital moderates the interplay between carbon emission and food security. This result means that the association between carbon emission and food security can be enhanced through the iterative role of human capital. (4) The causality analysis revealed a unidirectional connection between economic growth, population growth, human capital and food security. (5) A bidirectional causality exists between carbon emission and food security. The current analysis enriches literature studies on FOS and environment nexus by providing new insight from the five selected African countries. The study proposes an investment into human capital by African countries because it can complement and solidify the interaction between carbon emissions and food security.

Study on the driving factors and decoupling effect of carbon emission from pig farming in China—based on LMDI and Tapio model

AbstractThe livestock sector accounts for 18% of total anthropogenic carbon emissions and is an important source of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. China occupies a large proportion of total livestock carbon emissions worldwide, especially in the pig industry, which is significant to China's agricultural economy and also a key area for China to achieve the "Carbon peaking and Carbon neutrality goals." This study uses the life cycle approach to calculate the GHG emission status of China's pig farming industry from 2001 to 2020, and then, we establish a logarithmic mean Divisia index (LMDI) model to identify the main driving factors and a Tapio decoupling model to analyze its decoupling status. We decompose the emission sources as well as decoupling index into five drivers: technological progress, livestock structure, policy bias, affluence, and population. The results reveal that the carbon emission of China's pig industry is in a weak growth trend and overall in a weak decoupling state but has volatility, which is closely related to the "Pig Cycle" in China. Decomposition analysis shows that increasing affluence and population growth are the main drivers of GHG emissions; simultaneously, technological progress, livestock structure, and policy bias are the main drivers of emission reduction. Meanwhile, technological and policy factors positively contribute to the decoupling status, while affluence level, population, and livestock structure changes negatively inhibit the decoupling status. The study concludes that technological advances, optimized economic structures, the guidance of green consumption patterns, and the solution to the "Pig Cycle" problem are crucial to further reduce GHG emissions from China's pig industry; meanwhile, technological changes have a dominant role in promoting carbon decoupling in pig farming.

Carbon emissions, fracking, and firm value of U.S. oil and gas firms

AbstractWe examine in this paper how firm value (market‐to‐book ratio, MTB) of U.S. oil and gas sector firms from 2010 to 2020 responds to carbon emissions intensity measures. We investigate three measures comprising total carbon emissions relative to assets, to market value of equity, and to net property, plant, and equipment. Our dynamic panel data approach separates the 82 firms into 35 fracking and 47 non‐fracking companies to address features underlying firm financing during the shale oil revolution. Concerned investors about the companies' large carbon emissions may have pulled out of the sector. These companies may also have overleveraged when expanding into new technologies of oil production or kept larger cash flow ratios. We report lower average carbon emissions for fracking firms, together with the larger size of fracking techniques: mean of assets of $46 billion for fracking versus $12 billion for non‐fracking companies. Using fixed‐effects and system generalized methods of moments (SGMM) models, we find that carbon emissions decrease MTB of fracking firms more than non‐fracking firms. Our dynamic panel approach provides a more accurate measure of the real effect of carbon emissions that is very robust to Tobin's q as alternative measure of firm value.

Renewable energy consumption and carbon emissions in developing countries: the role of capital markets

ABSTRACT This study examines the impact of capital market on the relationship between energy consumption and carbon emissions. By employing a system Generalised Methods of Moments (GMM) for a sample of 138 developing countries over the period, 1990–2020, we find a U-shaped reverse relationship between renewable energy consumption and carbon emissions. The study reveals that beyond a threshold of 71.03, renewable energy consumption tends to increase carbon emissions. Similarly, the initial levels of carbon emissions reduce the use of renewable energy but beyond a 2.5 level of carbon emissions, renewable energy consumption begins to increase. We find that both the stock market and bond market reduce carbon emissions and enhance the levels of renewable energy consumption. We provide evidence to support that the capital market enhances the negative impact of renewable energy consumption on carbon emissions, while the corporate bond market magnifies the reductive effect of carbon emissions on renewable energy consumption.