Abstract
The 5th International Conference on Global Issue for infrastructure, environment & socio-economic development (IC-GIESED 2022) was held in Makassar, Indonesia on November 23 - 24, 2022. IC-GIESED 2022 is dedicated to address issues related to Green and Sustainable Environment Towards Net Zero Carbon Cities, hosted by Post Graduate School of Hasanuddin University and Publication Management Unit (PMU), Hasanuddin University.Environmental scientists utilize the physical footprint as a quantitative calculation tool to determine how much natural resources are used by people on a daily basis. Climate disasters, economic losses, and an increase in global temperature are all effects of carbon emissions. Urban regions have a significant potential to lower carbon emissions because they will likely house around 56% of the world’s population by 2020 and will rise to 66% by 2050. According to their pledge under the Paris Agreement, industrialized nations must attain net-zero emissions or zero carbon emissions by 2050, by bringing together researchers, scientists, practitioners and scholars in the respected fields. Professors from Saudi Arabia and Australia are invited to deliver keynote speeches, together with invited speakers from United Kingdom, Malaysia, Australia and Indonesia. Their presence indicates the concern and role of the researchers, scientists and practitioners which are significant in keeping Global Issue for infrastructure, environment & socio-economic development.This proceeding present selected papers submitted to the conference by academics and researches from universities and research institutes. All papers were subjected to rigorous peer-reviews by conference committee members and international reviewers to ensure their compliance to meet the required standard for qualified scientific publication. This volume presents recent researches in the field of Global Issue for infrastructure, environment & socio-economic development covering various related areas: climate changes and earth resources, environment, infrastructure, innovation and renewable energy and waste managementWe would like to appreciate all authors who have contributed to this proceeding, the conference committee, speakers, attendees, organizing committee and sponsors who have made the 5th GIESED 2022 a success. We wish the conference will have significant contribution in field of global issue for infrastructure, environment & socio-economic development. We are also expecting that this conference proceeding contributes in looking at a new paradigm for global Issue for infrastructure, environment & socio-economic development.Baharuddin HamzahChair of Organizing Committee GIESED 2022.Hasanuddin University
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