Effect Of Acid Treatment Research Articles

Effects of Oral Alpha-Lipoic Acid Treatment on Diabetic Polyneuropathy: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review.

Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) was found to improve the symptoms in patients with diabetic sensorimotor peripheral neuropathy (DSPN) by reducing oxidative stress and ameliorating microcirculation. Our meta-analysis is aimed at evaluating the effects of oral-administered ALA versus a placebo in patients with DSPN and determining the optimal dosage for this treatment. We systematically reviewed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases to determine the efficacy of oral ALA for patients with DSPN. The primary outcome was total symptoms' score (TSS), and secondary outcomes were the neurological disability score (NDS), neuropathy impaired score (NIS), NIS-lower limb (NIS-LL), vibration perception threshold (VPT), nerve conduction study (NCS) results, and global satisfaction. A subgroup analysis of the ALA dosage (600, 1200, and 1800 mg/day) was also conducted. Ten RCTs (1242 patients) were included. ALA treatment produced favorable results for TSS (a dose-related trend was observed), NDS, and the global satisfaction score. For VAS, VPT, NIS-LL, and NCS results, ALA did not produce favorable results. ALA treatment had favorable effects on DSPN by reducing sensory symptoms, and it resulted in a dose-dependent response relative to the placebo for TSS and the global satisfaction score. The use of ALA to prevent neurological symptoms should be further researched.

Effect of Gallic Acid Treatment on Hepatic Tissue in Ischemia-Reperfusion

Aim: Hepatic IR occurs in many clinical conditions such as liver injury, liver hemorrhage and shock, surgical resection, and transplantation. In our study, it is aimed to investigate whether gallic acid (GA) can be used for hepatoprotective purposes, histopathologically.
 Study Desıgn: 24 Wistar albino male rats were divided into 3 groups (n:8). Surgical procedures were done under general anesthesia. A 4 cm midline abdominal incision were opened to observe hepatoduodenal ligament. The portal vein and hepatic artery was closed with a rubber band and silk suture, and ischemia was performed for 60 minutes. The suture was opened and hepatic reperfusion was performed for 6 hours. 50 mg/kg Gallic Acid was administered to the rats in this group by intraperitoneal route once a day for 14 days.
 Results: Normal histology of lvier was observed with regular vena centralis, endothelial cells, hepatocytes and sinusoid. In IR group, blood vessels were dilated and congested with cell infiltrations. Hepatocytes were degenerated with irregular sinusoides and hyperplasic Kupfer cells. IR+GA group, mononuclear cell infiltration continued with thickening of the basement membrane of the vessels. Vacuolated hepatocyte was observed. GA treatment alleviasted the pathologies occurred due to IR injury.
 Conclusion: It was thought that the cellular damage in the inflammation signal, which started as a result of the cessation of blood flow after ischemia-reperfusion injury, affects the classical lobule of the liver especially around the vena, and may cause necrotic changes by increasing cell apoptosis due to functional nutritional deficiency.
 Keywords: liver, ischemia, reperfusion, gallic acid, histology

Effect of ethanol, phytic acid and citric acid treatment on the physicochemical and heavy metal adsorption properties of corn starch

Corn starch dispersions were heated with ethanol (E) and reacted with phytic acid (E-PA), citric acid (E-CA), and a mixture of phytic and citric acid (E-PACA) under dry-heating to prepare heavy metal adsorbents. Microscopy images indicated that ethanol treatment induced the formation of porous structures on the surface; furthermore, treatment with phytic and citric acid induced indentations, pores, and irregular structures in E-PA, E-CA, and E-PACA starches. Phytic and citric acid were retained in the starch molecules through ester bonds with the phosphate and carboxyl groups, respectively. Starch esterification by phytic and citric acid induced a loss of crystallinity, high water absorption capacity, and low solubility. E-PACA starch exhibited more efficient Cu2+ adsorption (38.13 mg/g) than native, E, E-PA, and E-CA starches (0.11, 0.49, 2.05, and 36.23 mg/g, respectively). Thus, modification with ethanol, phytic acid and citric acid can be applied to prepare natural starch-based heavy metal adsorbents.

Study on the Response Law of Coal Pore Structure and Permeability Affected by Acidification Time.

In order to study the pore alteration and permeability of coal affected by acid liquor, samples were collected from the Yuwu coal mine in the Qinshui basin, Shanxi Province, and taken as the study object. Hydrochloric acid (HCl) with a 10% volume concentration was used to treat these coal samples. The pore structure characteristics and gas permeability of this coal with different treatment times were measured by laboratory experiments. The fractal theory was introduced to analyze the complexity of the sample pore and the changing rules of coal permeability. The research results show that acid liquor has a significant influence on the pore structure of YW coal. Under the effect of acid treatment, the micropore volume of the coal sample is reduced, but both the mesopore and macropore volume are increased. The fractal dimension of acidulated coal samples changes in the range of 2.57-2.81, and it is exponentially decreased with the increase of the treatment time. This indicates that the acid treatment can make the YW coal surface become smooth, and the pore structure tends to be smooth. The acidification method is able to effectively enhance the coal permeability with a maximum increment of about 9.43 times. After 30 h of acid treatment, the total pore volume, fractal dimension, and gas permeability of this coal tend to be stable. The acid treatment time should be controlled at around 30 h.

Synergetic surface modification of 3D braided carbon fiber-reinforced composites for enhancing mechanical strength

Excellent interfacial bonding contributes to the reduction of internal defects in composites for enhancing the mechanical properties of the 3D braided carbon fiber reinforced composites. In this paper, the effects of plasma and strong acid treatment on the surface morphology, chemical composition, and surface free energy of original carbon fiber braid (CFB) were investigated in detail to reveal the mechanism of synergetic enhancement of surface wettability of carbon fiber by plasma and strong acid. The results showed that the synergetic effect of plasma and strong acid produced significantly improved the resin/fiber interfacial bonding. The interfacial shear strength (IFSS) of the carbon fiber braided reinforced composites (CFBC) treated with the synergetic treatment was 64.6% higher than that of the untreated fiber reinforced composites. The improved interfacial properties increase the polar functional groups on the fiber surface to promote the formation of mechanical interlocking caused by Cassie-Baxter(CB) and Wenzel(WZ) leaps of liquid resin on the fiber surface, and this was verified by molecular dynamics(MD) simulations of carbon fiber-resin interfacial wetting. The simple and effective synergetic reinforcement strategy proposed in this paper can effectively regulate the interfacial bonding and is applicable to the optimal design of original carbon fiber braided reinforced composites.

Oxygen vacancy engineering on copper-manganese spinel surface for enhancing toluene catalytic combustion: A comparative study of acid treatment and alkali treatment

Copper-manganese spinel is a low-cost VOCs catalytic combustion catalyst with good performance. Oxygen vacancy has excellent properties for oxygen activation and VOCs dehydrogenation activation, which is beneficial for the catalytic combustion of VOCs. In this study, a large number of oxygen vacancies were introduced on the copper-manganese spinel surface by selective dissolution method (acid treatment and alkali treatment) for catalytic combustion of toluene. Furthermore, the effects of acid treatment and alkali treatment on the catalytic performance, oxygen vacancy amount, physical and chemical properties, and toluene catalytic combustion mechanism of copper-manganese spinel were studied. Both acid treatment and alkali treatment can produce large quantities of oxygen vacancies on the copper-manganese spinel surface. The generation of surface oxygen vacancies can greatly improve the catalytic combustion activity of copper-manganese spinel. At 240 °C, the combustion rate of toluene increased by 8.8 times for the acid-treated catalyst and 11.2 times for the alkali-treated catalyst. The numerous surface oxygen vacancies, Mn3+/Mn4+ at the ratio of 1.11 and appropriate acidity result in the alkali-treated catalyst exhibiting excellent catalytic activity and stability for toluene combustion. This strategy provides a new method to further improve catalytic combustion activity of copper-manganese spinel and a reference for the development of the surface oxygen vacancy engineering of transition metal oxides.

The external glutamic acid application results in significant effects on some characteristics of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)


 
 
 
 The present study was conducted to determine the effects of glutamic acid treatments at different doses on determined characteristics of some sunflower varieties. Glutamic acid treatments were practiced as foliar sprays at four different concentrations (0, 100, 200 and 300 mg l-1) to three different sunflower varieties (Sakha, Amar and Ishaqi-1). Field experiments were conducted in randomized blocks in a split-plot experimental design with three replications under Anbar-Iraq conditions in 2021. The highest average leaf area index was 5.82 cm2. The 100 mg l-1 glutamic acid treatments of the variety Aqmar yielded the highest chlorophyll content (40.51%). For the variety Ishaqi-1, the 100 mg l-1 glutamic acid treatment resulted in the highest protein content (15.51%). However, the 200 mg l-1 glutamic acid treatments of the variety Ishaqi-1 resulted in an increase in empty seeds rate (75.29%) and oil content (44.09%). In general, medium external glutamic acid doses (100 mg l-1 and 200 mg l-1) increase the chlorophyll content and protein content, and oil content, respectively. But, the empty seed rate also increased with 200 mg l-1 application.
 
 
 

Effect of gibberellic acid on cell wall degradation and softening in postharvest okras

The effect of postharvest gibberellic acid (GA) treatment on fruit softening, cell wall components, and cell wall metabolic genes in postharvest okras was explored. GA effectively slowed the softening of postharvest okras. In comparison to the control, okras treated with GA displayed higher levels of protopectin (PP) and cellulose (CEL), but lower level of water-soluble pectin (WSP). GA treatment could block cell wall degradation via the downregulation of multiple cell wall-degrading genes, such as AePME, AeCX, AePG, AePL, AeGAL, and AeARF. Collectively, our study revealed that GA treatment postponed softening of postharvest okras by retarding cell wall degradation during storage.

EXPERIENCE OF USING ACID TREATMENTS IN THE OIL FIELD SUWAYDIYA (SYRIA)

Link for citation: Mohammad Almohammad Alnayef, Zain Alabidin Dalfi Abd Ali Khalaf, Gnidan E.V. Experience of using acid treatments in the oil field Suwaydiya (Syria). Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University. Geo Аssets Engineering, 2023, vol. 334, no. 7, рр. 50-58. In Rus. Relevance of the research is caused by the need to increase oil recovery from wells developed in the fields of Syria, in the carbonate reservoirs of the Massif and Shiranish formation, for which there is a natural drop in production rates due to decrease in reservoir pressure, water cut, opening of reservoirs with low reservoir properties and increase in the share of hard-to-recover reserves. The main aim of the study is to analyze the results of acid treatments to improve oil recovery in the field of Suwaydia, Syria. The object of study is the carbonate complexes in the Upper Cretaceous deposits of the Massif formation and the Shiranish formation, Syria. Methods: review of domestic and foreign experience in treating the bottomhole formation zone using acid compositions and analysis of production, technological, lithological, geological, geophysical, and field data of wells treated with acids. Results. The paper introduces the advantages of the acid treatments method, such as improving the reservoir permeability and decreasing the skin factor by increasing the pore space and fracture channels, as well as removing the filter cake and various inorganic sediments that prevent oil flow. The undesirable effects of acid treatments: corrosion, secondary sedimentation, water cut, are indicated. The geological and physical conditions of the well and reservoir for choosing a treatment technology are considered. They are: reservoir temperature, filtration, and reservoir properties of rocks, granulometric (fractional) and mineralogical composition of rocks, chemical composition of reservoir fluids. The main directions of measures for solving geological and technological complications that arise during acid treatments using inhibitors, new multicomponent compositions of acid agents, special additives, and multi-stage treatments are noted. The paper introduces the technology and results of the application of acid treatments: hydrochloric acid treatment and foam hydrochloric acid treatment of the bottomhole zone of wells located in the north-east of the Syrian Arab Republic, which belong to the two oil field – Suwaydia and Zarba – of the Al-Hasakah Oil Fields Administration. It was noted that the use of a simple hydrochloric acid treatment of several wells did not lead to the predicted increase in oil recovery, and the use of an acid mixture (HCL at a concentration of 15 %, HF at a concentration of 3 %) in well no. 462 of the Suwaydia oil field showed an increase in productivity of 1,5 times. Recommendations are given for improving acid treatments at the Suwaydia, Syria fields to intensify oil production.

IAA regulated levels of endogenous phytohormones in relation to chilling tolerance in cold-stored peaches after harvest

The effects of indoleacetic acid (IAA) treatment on chilling injury and endogenous phytohormones in peach fruit were studied. The results showed that IAA treatment decreased chilling injury index of cold-stored peaches, effectively maintaining fruit firmness and reducing the electrical conductivity level. IAA treatment upregulated the expression of IAA biosynthetic gene PpMES and signaling pathway gene PpSAUR, but reduced the transcript abundance of IAA degradative genes PpDAO, PpGH3, and PpIAMT, leading to endogenous IAA accumulation in treated peaches. Meanwhile, after IAA treatment, contents of melatonin and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) were also increased which was associated with the upregulation of their anabolic genes and downregulation in GABA catabolic genes. In addition, the levels of abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellin (GA) were reduced in treated peaches due to its modification in the transcript levels of ABA and GA metabolic genes. Collectively, IAA could alleviate the symptoms of chilling injury in peach fruit via regulating contents of endogenous phytohomones such as IAA, melatonin, GABA and GA.

The Effect of Subacute Oral Folic Acid Treatment on Growth of Porphyromonas gulae in Dogs.

Periodontitis is one of the most prevalent infectious diseases in humans and animals. It is a multifactorial disease resulting in attachment loss and tooth loss. Therefore, preventive dentistry, such as daily teeth cleaning or providing dental chews from puppyhood is essential. This study aimed to find an alternative option for preventive dentistry by examining both in vitro and clinically, the antibacterial, antihalitosis, and anti-inflammatory effects of folic acid (FA) in dogs with periodontal disease. The antibacterial and antihalitosis responses of FA were evaluated in vitro using Porphyromonas gulae, a bacterium that plays a significant role in the development of periodontal disease in dogs. Anti-inflammatory responses, such as secretion of IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 induced by P. gulae infection in human gingival epithelium have been studied. This study used dogs with P. gulae-associated periodontal diseases and was conducted by providing a dental chew containing 0.13% FA for 28 days. The viability and halitosis production (hydrogen sulfide and methyl mercaptan) of P. gulae was significantly inhibited by FA in a dose and time-dependent manner. IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 secretion were also significantly suppressed by FA treatment in a dose-dependent manner. In vitro bactericidal, antihalitosis, and anti-inflammatory effects of FA were confirmed in dogs with P. gulae-associated periodontal disease. One month of oral treatment with 0.13% FA-containing dental chews significantly reduced halitosis as well as P. gulae activity. This study suggests that oral treatment with FA can be a preventive option for periodontal disease in dogs as well as humans.

Effect of dipotassium-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid or lithium-heparin treatments and storage times on selected clinicopathologic analytes in equine synovial fluid.

Sample processing methods and storage time affect the outcome of biochemical analysis. We aimed to assess the effects of dipotassium-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (K2-EDTA) and lithium-heparin treatments and storage times on selected analytes in equine synovial fluid (SF). Approximately 2 mL of SF from each horse (n = 7) were collected via femoropatellar joint arthrocentesis into K2-EDTA-treated bottles (K2-EDTA group), lithium-heparin-treated bottles (heparin group), and plain bottles (control group). The pH was determined using an electronic bench pH meter. The total nucleated cell count (TNCC) of samples was determined by hemocytometer method, while total protein (TP) concentrations, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities of the samples were determined spectrophotometrically at 2, 8, 24, 48, and 168 hours postcollection while being maintained at approximately 4°C. TP concentrations in the anticoagulant-treated groups remained stable for 48 hours. TNCCs were stable for 8 hours. However, after 2 hours, ALP, LDH, and pH varied significantly (P < 0.05). At 2 hours, mean ALP and LDH activities were significantly elevated in the lithium-heparin treatment samples, while the activity of these analytes was similar in the K2-EDTA and control groups. At 8 hours, the TNCC and pH were significantly elevated in K2-EDTA treated groups, while values were similar in lithium-heparin and control groups. No significant variation was seen in TP values at 2 hours, irrespective of treatment. The analytes-except for TP-became unstable within a few hours postcollection. Lithium-heparin and K2-EDTA treatments significantly altered ALP, LDH, TNCCs, and pH but not the TP concentrations of equine SF. Studies establishing reference intervals for these analytes based on the anticoagulant used are warranted to limit misinterpretations in clinical or research settings.

Influence of Foliar Application of NAA and Zinc on Yield and Quality Attributes of Guava (Psidium guajava L.) cv. L-49

An experiment was carried out at Department of Fruit Science, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture &amp; Technology Meerut (U.P), India during two consecutive years i.e., 2021-22 and 2022-23 to assess the Influence of foliar Spray of NAA and Zinc on growth, flowering, fruiting, yield and quality of Guava (Psidium guajava L.) cv. L-49 under western U.P. conditions. The foliar spray of micronutrients along with plant growth regulators play an important role in manipulating many physiological phenomena, improving the yield and quality and enhanced the productivity of plants by fulfilling the nutritional needs of fruit crops. Twelve treatments viz., three level of NAA (0, 50, and 75 ppm) and four level of Zinc (0, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8 %) with their combinations were used, which were replicated in factorial Randomized Block Design. Results showed NAA @75 ppm (N2) individually registered yield of 53.75 and 53.06 kg/plant the application of Zinc at 0.8 % (Zn3) concentration recorded yield of 53.86 and 53.17 kg/plant. Interactive effect of naphthalene acetic acid and Zinc (N2Zn3) treatments registered yield of 59.56 and 58.81 kg/plant while quality parameter pectin was in the range of 0.79 and 0.80 % with treatment naphthalene acetic acid @75 ppm (N2) and Zinc at 0.8 % (Zn3) individually recorded 0.80 and 0.82 % outperformed the other treatments. The combination could be ideal and recommended for the production of guava in the Indo-Gangetic plains in western India.

Effect of acid and alkaline treatment on the adsorption capacity of cuttlefish bone

As a center of textile industry in Indonesia, city of Pekalongan faces environmental issue due to wastewater effluent from textile industry. The wastewater from textile industry contains dye, mostly synthetic dye, used for coloring the fabrics. One of the dyes commonly used is sulphur blue for producing dark blue color. One of simple methods to reduce the dye in the wastewater is adsorption. Cuttlefish bone was used as the adsorbent. It is abundantly available and cheap because it is a waste of fishing industry. The effect of acid and alkaline treatment to the cuttlefish bone on its adsorption capacity toward sulphur blue dye was investigated. The acid and alkaline treatments were conducted using hydrochloric and sodium hydrochloric solutions, respectively. The concentrations of both solutions were varied (0.0 N, 0.25 N, 0.5 N, 0.75 N, 1.0 N). The concentration of acid and alkaline affect the adsorption capacity of the cuttlefish bone. The cuttlefish bone treated with 0.25 N hydrochloric solution is able to reduce the concentration of the dye solution from 217.67 to 87.67 Pt-Co, while that treated with 0.25N sodium hydroxide solution lowers the concentration of the dye solution to 74.33 Pt-Co. The alkaline-treated cuttlefish bone showed higher adsorption capacity than the acid-treated cuttlefish bone.

Investigation of Foliar L-Glutamic Application on the Resistance to the Capacity of the SC2121 Tomato Variety (Solanum lycopersicum L.) to Long-Term Salinity Stress

Within the scope of this study, the effects of L-Glutamic acid (L-GLU: 250 mg L-1, 500 mg L-1) treatments on morphological and biochemical characteristics of SC2121 tomato variety under salt stress (50 mM, 100 mM, 200 mM NaCl) were compared. The morphological results obtained from leaves and fruits were found to peak at 500GLU, 50NaCl-500GLU, 250GLU, and 200NaCl-500GLU, whereas their lowest values were achieved with doses of 200NaCl, 200NaCl-250GLU, 100NaCl, and 100NaCl-500GLU Among the bioactive molecules, amino acid, and proline amounts increased in all the treatments, whereas total protein increased in 500GLU and 50NaCl- 250GLU, 50NaCl-500GLU. CAT activity increased in doses of 500GLU and 50 NaCl-250GLU, 50NaCl-500GLU, whereas POD and SOD activity decreased in high NaCl and 200NaCl+ 250GLU, 200NaCl-500GLU. Treatments caused an increase in MDA concentration, while NaCl (50-100 mM), GLU, and 100 NaCl-500GLU reduced the H2O2 concentration. In conclusion, 500GLU, 50NaCl-500GLU, 50NaCl-250GLU, 250GLU, and 200NaCl+500GLU stimulated the growth and development in the SC2121 tomato variety, as well as the leaf bioactive chemicals. However, 200NaCl-250GLU, 200NaCl, and 200NaCl-250GLU reduced the growth and development of the tomato and decreased the chemicals in the leaves. Given the results, it can be stated that yield and quality could be increased by making use of GLU treatments in tomato varieties under salt stress.

Effect of Acidic Washing Treatment for Fe-N/C Catalyst Synthesized Using E-beam Irradiation

Effect of Acidic Washing Treatment for Fe-N/C Catalyst Synthesized Using E-beam Irradiation

The Impact of Acetic Acid Treatments on Stored Onion (Allium cepa L.) Seeds’ Quality

The aim of the studies was to evaluate the effects of acetic acid treatments on the quality of stored onion seeds. Seeds of two samples were soaked for 30 min in 0.25, 0.5, 1 and 2% acetic acid solutions. Controls included untreated seeds, seeds soaked in distilled water and seeds treated with fungicide Zaprawa Nasienna T 75 WS/DS (a.i. 75% thiram). Germination, vigour and health of untreated and treated seeds were evaluated before and after 2, 6 and 12 months of storage at 4 and 20 °C. Treating onion seeds with acetic acid solutions, especially at the concentrations of 1 and 2%, reduced their infestation with Alternaria alternata, Botrytis cinerea, Cladosporium spp., Penicillium spp. and Stemphylium botryosum after storage at both temperatures. Seeds stored at 20 °C showed lower infestation with fungi than seeds stored at 4 °C. The acetic acid treatments did not have any adverse effect on germination and vigour of stored onion seeds. In some cases, the increase in germination at the first and final counts and the improvement in mean germination time were observed.

Effects of L-Cysteine and γ-Aminobutyric Acid Treatment on Postharvest Quality and Antioxidant Activity of Loquat Fruit during Storage.

Sichuan is the China's leading producer of loquat, with the largest cultivation area and yield ranked first in China. Loquat is a seasonal fruit highly appreciated by consumers; however, the fruit is prone to browning and lignification after harvest, affecting its storage quality. The effects of L-Cysteine (L-Cys, 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2%) and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 0.025, 0.05, 0.075, 0.1%) on the sensory quality and antioxidant activity of loquat fruit during cold storage at 4 °C for 35 days and simulated shelf life for 5 days were investigated. The results showed that after 40 days of storage, compared with the control, 0.05% L-Cys and 0.05% GABA treatment of 'Zaozhong No. 6' loquat fruit effectively reduced the weight loss rate, browning index, decay index, respiratory rate, firmness, and lignin content and slowed the decreases in total soluble solids, soluble sugar, titratable acidityand vitamin C contents. The application of 0.05% L-Cys and 0.05% GABA significantly increased the contents of total phenols, total flavonoids, flavanols, and carotenoids; delayed the increase of relative electric conductivity, MDA, POD, and PPO activities; and significantly enhanced the activities of SOD and CAT, DPPH free radical scavenging ability, and FRAP, thereby improving antioxidant capacity. In summary, 0.05% L-Cys and 0.05% GABA treatment promotes the quality of loquat fruit after 40 days of storage, and significantly enhances antioxidant capacity, thus delaying senescence after harvest.

Toluene combustion over Co3O4-CNTs/PSSF catalysts and investigation of the effects of acid treatment on catalytic activity

BackgroundCo3O4 shows potential as a cost-effective alternative to precious metal catalysts for VOCs catalytic combustion. However, its catalytic activity requires further enhancement. MethodsA new type of paper-like carbon nanotube membrane composite (CNTs/PSSF) was used as a support to prepare Co3O4-CNTs/PSSF catalysts by metal-organic vapor deposition (MOCVD) and impregnation method (IM) respectively for toluene combustion. Besides, the effects of acid treatment to support on the catalytic activity were investigated. Various characterization techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and oxygen temperature-programmed desorption (O2-TPD), were employed to evaluate the effects of different preparation methods and acid treatment on the structure and catalytic performance mechanism of Co3O4-CNTs/PSSF. Significant findingsThe preparation method significantly affects the catalyst's properties and catalytic activity. Compared with IM, the MOCVD-prepared catalysts show stronger coordination of carbon nanotubes, resulting in more oxygen vacancies and surface active oxygen. Additionally, oxygenous groups introduced by HNO3 form Co-O-C linkage between Co and CNTs, promoting oxygen vacancies and enhancing surface active oxygen content, thereby dramatically improving the catalyst's catalytic activity, especially for HIM-10 whose T90 is reduced by 140 °C. This work provides insights for enhancing the catalytic combustion activity of cobalt oxide.

Effect of Oxalic Acid Treatments and Modified Atmosphere Packaging on the Quality Attributes of Rocket Leaves during Different Storage Temperatures

The effects of combinations of oxalic acid (OA) treatment with modified atmosphere packaging on the quality and biochemical content changes of rocket (Eruca sativa Mill. cv. Bengi) leaves were examined. After harvest, selected leaves were dipped into an aqueous solution containing different concentrations of oxalic acid (0-control, 0.25 mM, 0.5 mM, and 1 mM) for 1 min. Treated samples were dried and placed in modified atmosphere packages. Treated rockets were stored at two different temperatures (0 °C and 10 °C) and 90 ± 5% relative humidity conditions for 10 days. Leaves were analyzed at 2-day intervals for some quality and biochemical parameters during storage. OA-treated leaves were greener than those of the control group. At the end of the storage, high doses (1 mM) of OA applications successfully suppressed the respiration rate (0 °C: 63.12 mL CO2 kg−1 h−1, 10 °C: 78.09 mL CO2 kg−1 h−1) and retarded the weight loss (0 °C: 0.14%, 10 °C: 0.49%) and color discoloration (0 °C: ∆E 7.23, 10 °C: ∆E 8.34) of rocket leaves. In addition, OA treatments decreased the vitamin C losses and chlorophyll degradation. In conclusion, rocket leaves could be stored at 0 °C for 8–9 days with 1 mM OA treatment and 6 days with the control treatment and at 10 °C for 6–7 days with 1 mM OA treatment and 4 days with the control (C) treatment with a minimum quality loss under MAP conditions.