Education System In Poland Research Articles

Cooperation of teachers and specialist teachers in the context of effective inclusive education of students with special educational needs

The concept of inclusive education is currently the dominant direction of activities for the development of the contemporary education system in Poland. The articulated assumptions and undertaken actions indicate that the overriding demand is the availability of the general education system for all learners, including students with disabilities. Hence, in order for a given idea, concept and proposal to fully exist in educational practice, it is important to take into account many different conditions that co-determine its success. Undoubtedly, among the indicated conditions there are those concerning the preparation for work of teachers/specialist teachers with a diverse group of students, cooperation of teachers/specialist teachers with each other and with the family/legal guardians of students. Therefore, the aim of the article is to present the issues related to the cooperation of a team of specialists carrying out activities towards students with special educational needs, with each other and with the family/legal guardians of the student (also based on the results of own research). The research was conducted among teachers from mainstream primary schools, working with students with special educational needs (28 people). It concerned learning the opinions of the surveyed teachers on the importance of cooperation between a team of teachers/specialist teachers in supporting the development and education of students with special educational needs. The obtained results make it possible to conclude that the respondents have an extremely general knowledge of a given topic and a varied assessment of the impact of cooperation between teachers/specialist teachers on the development and school education of the analysed group of students.

Characteristics of the system of music education in european countries

This article analyzes the education system in Poland, Russia, Estonia, Lithuania, the leading countries in Europe in the field of education, the analysis of similarities and differences in music education, the process of teaching music in schools detailed information is given.

Gender and Educational Inequalities during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Preliminary Insights from Poland

The global pandemic of COVID-19 has had a profound impact on many spheres of social life across the world. One of them has been the deepening of social inequalities and the aggravating of discrimination based on gender. Emerging studies in the field of education and occupation systems point to the fact that women seem to have been particularly affected, along with layoffs in those sectors of the economy where female staffs prevail. Additionally, in many countries, the burden of combining professional careers and supporting the education of young children falls disproportionately on mothers. These transformations pose a challenge to meeting the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, wherein gender equality is an important factor. This article uses official statistical data to examine gender and educational structures during the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland, set against the backdrop of other European nations and analyzed in the context of sustainability. Have educational and gender inequalities been exacerbated as data from other countries suggest? In order to answer this question, the article traces changes in the education system in Poland and their implications for gender structures. The latter have also been affected by transformations on the labor market in various sectors of the economy, therefore, the second part of the analysis focuses on the labor market changes during the pandemic. The final section offers conclusions on the implications of the pandemic for the studied issues. Throughout the article, we apply the principles of unobtrusive research. Following the theoretical framework outlined in the first part of the paper, we carry out a descriptive analysis of existing statistical data collected by the Eurostat. These official statistics are supplemented by an overview of public opinion polls to allow for perspectives on structural changes, as they are perceived by those affected by them.

The Self-Orientalization of Polish Music Education

Polish and international scholars have frequently made use of the postcolonial lens as a presumably valid tool to examine conditions in post-soviet Eastern Europe. The mutual Orientalization of the “other” during the Cold War period in both democratic and communist camps appears to have occasioned prevailing after-effects in the field of Polish music education. This article discusses the above thesis in relation to the writings of two highly influential representatives of postcolonial thought who are also personally connected to the world of music: Edward Said and Rabindranath Tagore. Sections one and two explain the use of the concept of Orientalism as an analytical framework for the article and briefly discuss the rationale behind looking at Poland as a postcolonial country. Next, selected articles by Polish scholars are being analyzed with regard to the historical context of music education in Poland and a broader international perspective. The contemporary discourse of Polish educational policymakers is being discussed with regard to the underlying philosophical and ideological approaches. Finally, the article emphasizes some of the main issues preventing the system of general music education in Poland from acquiring a more inclusive and democratic framework and proposes possible future directions for sustainable change.

They’re Throwing Mud at Us. At Least Now They Have a Reason: Work, Control and Values in Teachers’ Work

This research aims to understand how teachers perceive control mechanisms embedded in the educational system in Poland. In the article, we analyse teachers and school administrators’ online discussions evoked by the decision of Polish Ministry of National Education to close schools in March 2020 in order to protect teachers and students from coronavirus infection. We show that management control mechanisms are crucial in understanding teachers and school administrators’ behaviour. On the one hand, direct forms of control frustrate and demotivate teachers. On the other hand, a combination of diverse forms of control makes teachers comply and continue working despite the growing will to rebel against the system. We argue that the COVID pandemic exposed previously existing problems; therefore, the article’s findings are also applicable beyond the pandemic context.

The Problem of Labour Resources as a Development Barrier to the Polish Economy – the Application of the Delphi Method

Constant and unpredictable changes on the labour market are causing a direct impact on the actionsand measures taken by employees and organisations, since these have to adapt to new emerging models in orderto ensure the continuity of their activity. This study aimed to obtain experts' opinion and consensus on thirteenresearch theses relating to the labour market, economic growth and education system in Poland. The researchaddressed, among other things, the issues of work ethos, adjustment of professional qualifications to the rapidlychanging needs of the labour market, employing foreigners, return from abroad of highly qualified specialists,the situation of disabled people on the labour market and flexible forms of employment. The study presented inthe article was based on the Delphi method. The method is a kind of expert study in which intuitive expertopinions are treated as a legitimate contribution to the formulation of a vision of the future of the researchsubject. The results obtained in the research may be interesting for political decision-makers, publicadministration employees, employees of district and provincial labour offices as well as all those interested inthe Delphi method and the future of the labour market.

Ocena podstawowych zadań publicznych uczelni akademickich w Polsce

Przedmiot badań: W ciągu ostatniej dekady w Polsce kilkakrotnie zmieniono system szkolnic­twa wyższego w różnych aspektach, jednak główne obszary działalności pozostawały niemalże bez zmian. Jednak dotychczas, po pierwsze, nie przeanalizowano poszczególnych podstawo­wych zadań uczelni poza trzema głównymi, tj. działalności dydaktycznej, naukowo-badawczej i transferu wiedzy. Po drugie, nie dokonano całościowej oceny stanu ich realizacji w szkolnic­twie wyższym.
 Cel badawczy: W artykule dokonano próby pomiaru zarówno poszczególnych podstawowych zadań publicznych uczelni akademickich w Polsce, zdefiniowanych w ustawie o szkolnictwie wyższym, jak i sprawdzono łączny stan ich realizacji w badanych jednostkach.
 Metoda badawcza: Dokonano rankingu uczelni na podstawie wartości zmiennych przypisanych do poszczególnych zadań szkół wyższych oraz wskaźnika syntetycznego w zakresie łącznego stanu ich realizacji.
 Wnioski: Niekwestionowanymi liderami ogólnego rankingu były następujące uczelnie: Uni­wersytet Warszawski i Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie. Natomiast najgorszy ogólny wy­nik w rankingu uzyskała Akademia Techniczno-Humanistyczna w Bielsku-Białej i Politechnika Świętokrzyska w Kielcach. Wyniki uczelni w zakresie poszczególnych zadań są zróżnicowane w zależności od badanego obszaru działalności.

Position Statement of the European Specialist Nurses Organisation (ESNO) in specialist nursing as advanced practice nursing towards 2030

Abstract Introduction. The nursing profession in Poland is subject to continuous transformations, but it should follow the directions based on the common framework for the development of specialist nursing, drawn up by international specialist nurses associations in Europe. A change in the nursing education system in Poland has provided an opportunity for progress based on consistent framework. Summary. Nurse education organised in a system of first cycle and second cycle university courses was a milestone towards improving the status of the nursing profession. The improved position of Polish nurses paved the way for further advancements in this profession and in the related scientific research, which in the past was rarely conducted by Polish nurses; today more and more research teams are launched and operate both at universities and in nurses’ scientific associations.

INTEGRATED QUALIFICATIONS SYSTEM – A TOOL LINKING EDUCATION SYSTEM WITH THE LABOUR MARKET

The article presents the solutions of the Integrated Qualifications System, introduced by the Act on Integrated Qualifications System from 2015. Modernization of the national qualifications system by implementing the Polish Qualification Framework and the Integrated Qualifications Register allows for the gradual integration of various subsectors of the education system in which qualifications are obtained. The Polish Qualifications Framework, as the basis of the Integrated Qualifications System, is a common reference framework for qualifications granted in Poland. The second new instrument of IQS is the Integrated Register of Qualifications containing detailed information about the qualifications included in the IQS, with information on the certification bodies or quality assurance and validation procedures. System solutions introduced by the Act on Integrated Qualifications System make the education system in Poland more coherent and support citizens in lifelong learning and acquiring high-quality qualifications required by the modern labour market.

СУЧАСНА СИСТЕМА ОСВІТИ РЕСПУБЛІКИ ПОЛЬЩА: АКТУАЛЬНІ ПИТАННЯ РЕФОРМУВАННЯ

The article examines the educational reform of the Republic of Poland, which was introduced in 2016. The methodological basis of the research is the system-integrated principle of scientific and pedagogical search. The theoretical and comparative analysis was based on the analysis of Polish legislative documents in the education field. The article describes the school system in Poland, which functions after the introduced educational reform in 2016. It is determined that in the school education system in Poland there was an introduction of an 8-year elementary or basic school, instead of a 6-year school and a gymnasium (3 years); 3-year general education lyceums became 4-year lyceums (general secondary), and 4-year technical schools – 5-year technical schools, as well as two levels of vocational schools. The author raises the question of the justification for the liquidation of a gymnasium at the school education level. It was noted that it will be possible to assess the feasibility and effectiveness of the school education reform in Poland only after conducting appropriate independent monitoring. The analysis and comparison of structural changes that occurred as a result of the education reform in 1999 and 2016 are presented. It was analyzed in detail, introduced in 1999 gymnasium level of school education. In particular, it was noted that educational reforms that took place in Poland in different years, along with changes in the education structure, were aimed at improving quality and promoting equal access to education. These educational changes can be defined as planned and systemic. The author concludes that modern education reform is aimed at improving the quality and accessibility of education, digital competencies of both students and teachers, at improving inclusive education, digitalization of school education. Structural, organizational and curriculum changes that have taken place in the education system of Poland are in line with global trends and serve to further improve the quality of educational services. Further research requires the issue of the effectiveness of reforms, taking into account the requirements of the time, in particular, the relationship between education and the labor market in the aspect of the educational policy formation in the long term.

Edukacja dla bezpieczeństwa ekologicznego i zasad zrównoważonego rozwoju jako element podnoszenia świadomości społeczeństwa

Artykuł nawiązuje do obszaru edukacji w zakresie bezpieczeństwa, w szczególności edukacji w zakresie bezpieczeństwa ekologicznego, edukacji ekologicznej. Celem artykułu jest próba odpowiedzi na pytanie, czy system prawny i edukacyjny w Polsce w zakresie edukacji ekologicznej jest spójny i czy wytyczne w podstawie programowej zawierają elementy zgodne z zasadami zrównoważonego rozwoju. Zarówno prawo, edukacja formalna i nieformalna są determinantami ludzkiej świadomości w dziedzinie ekologii i ochrony środowiska. W artykule podjęto próbę wykazania, że edukacja ekologiczna w podstawie programowej jest realizowana zgodnie z zasadami ekorozwoju. Ponadto omówiono szerokie spektrum metod i narzędzi, które można wykorzystać w edukacji dla bezpieczeństwa, edukacji dla bezpieczeństwa ekologicznego. Przedstawione zostały wyniki badań przeprowadzonych na zlecenie Ministerstwa Środowiska oraz poziom świadomości i zachowań ekologicznych mieszkańców Polski. Badanie zostało podzielone na kilka obszarów ze względu na specyfikę omawianego problemu: największe wyzwania dla Polski i problemy środowiskowe, środowisko naturalne i jego ochrona, jakość powietrza, gospodarka odpadami, zmiany klimatu. W pracy wykorzystano metodę porównawczą i opisową. Umożliwia ona wyczerpujące wyjaśnienie podjętych zagadnień, pozwala ustalić wnioski oraz ujednolicić tekst.

Współczesne wyzwania powszechnej edukacji muzycznej. Przemiany na świecie a polskie reformy

<p>W artykule skoncentrowano się na poszukiwaniu odpowiedzi na pytanie, jak obecnie powinna wyglądać powszechna edukacja muzyczna. Punktem wyjścia rozważań i tworzenia modelowych rozwiązań było założenie, że powinna ona uwzględniać przemiany edukacyjne, jakie dokonują się na świecie, wynikające z przeobrażeń kulturowych i cywilizacyjnych, poza tym powinna być głęboko osadzona we współczesnej kulturze. Podstawą autorskich myśli i budowania nowych koncepcyjnych rozwiązań są opinie ekspertów z dziedziny pedagogiki (w tym Kena Robinsona i Andreasa Schleichera) oraz założenia normatywne opracowane przez ważne europejskie instytucje (m.in. Radę Unii Europejskiej). W artykule omówiono również przemiany oświatowe, jakie dokonują się na świecie, w tym przeobrażenia w edukacji muzycznej. W końcowej części opracowania autor odwołał się do polskiej sytuacji, starając się odpowiedzieć na pytanie, co i jak należałoby zmienić, aby edukacja muzyczna pełniła ważne funkcje i odpowiadała na istotne współczesne potrzeby oraz dlaczego ostatnia reforma edukacyjna utrudnia dokonywanie pozytywnych przeobrażeń w dziedzinie oświaty.</p>

Początki bywają trudne. Zmiany rozwojowe poczucia kontroli wśród uczniów w okresie wczesnej adolescencji doświadczających transformacji systemu edukacji w Polsce

<p>Celem artykułu było przedstawienie wyników i wniosków z badań dotyczących zmian rozwojowych poczucia kontroli wśród współczesnej młodzieży w okresie wczesnej adolescencji doświadczającej przekształceń systemu edukacji w Polsce. Analizy stanowią podsumowanie pierwszych dwóch, z zaplanowanych trzech, etapów badań podłużnych. Prezentowane wyniki odnoszą się do powtarzanego co rok pomiaru poczucia kontroli w dwóch grupach uczniów: rocznika ze szkół podstawowych, który jako pierwszy realizuje wydłużoną naukę w szkole podstawowej – w klasie szóstej i siódmej, oraz uczniów, którzy stanowią rocznik wygaszający naukę w gimnazjach – w klasie pierwszej i drugiej. Poczucie kontroli zgeneralizowane oraz w sytuacjach sukcesów i porażek zostało ustalone na podstawie Kwestionariusza do Badania Poczucia Kontroli KBPK i KBPK-R. W badaniach sprawdzono, jakie różnice wystąpiły w zakresie zmian rozwojowych poczucia kontroli między uczniami szkół podstawowych i gimnazjów. Wyniki pokazały, że na przełomie dwóch lat badań w obu grupach uczniów wzrosło wewnętrzne poczucie kontroli, jednak to uczniowie szkół podstawowych charakteryzują się istotnie wyższym wewnętrznym przypisywaniem sobie odpowiedzialności za zdarzenia, szczególnie w sytuacjach sukcesów. Dodatkowe analizy uwzględniające płeć ujawniły wzrost zgeneralizowanego poczucia kontroli u dziewcząt oraz wewnętrznej kontroli w sytuacjach porażek u chłopców z gimnazjum.</p>

Reforming the educational system in Poland: The practice-based perspective

Reforming the educational system in Poland: The practice-based perspective

A place for pragmatism in the current educational system in Poland in comparison to the American system of education

Nowadays, when schools are closing and teachers are made redundant, a question arises whether the current educational system and the teaching methods or the knowledge and skills which people leave school with are adequate. Now, as never before, students and em-ployers realize how important practical skills are in the labor market. Where are schools and universities in meeting this need? Do schools answer the natural needs people have for self--development? Does the educational system stimulate development of individuals interests? Unfortunately, I think the answer to a lot of these questions would be negative. Yet, if so, it is time we fi nd a way to offer something more, not only to young people, but also to adults who want to explore the area of their interests by taking the trouble to obtain further degrees. One of the solutions to the urgent needs for the educational system is a pragmatic approach towards learning and teaching.

Teacher Education Policy Issues in Poland: Recommendations for Building a High-Quality Teaching Profession

While there is general agreement that we need to increase the quality of education, there is less agreement on the measures to be taken. This paper focuses on the need to build the high-quality teaching profession to respond to the changing role of teachers in the twenty first century. It is argued that changes in the system of education should include a central place for the teacher and the quality of teacher education. The paper looks at selected aspects of teacher education policy in relation to the Bologna process and changes that were implemented at different levels of the system of education in Poland. A specific concern of this paper is policies that contribute to raising teacher education quality in a way which responds to the challenges of teachers preparation, recruitment, work and careers, and especially teachers’ lifelong learning. The implications of the analysis are that teacher education policy development in Poland should focus on futher actions for attracting to the teaching profession the best candidates and for retaining the best teachers in the school system in order to build a high-quality teaching profession. Some measures for achieving these goals are proposed.

Edukacja jako przedmiot zainteresowań polskich partii politycznych w drugim dziesięcioleciu XXI w. Analiza wybranych programów wyborczych

The aim of this article is to reflect on the pluralism of plans and projects of the school education system in Poland at the end of the second decade of the 21st century and the positions of political parties regarding reforms of children’s and youth education. The hypothesis of the research in the article is the assumption that the electoral programmes of Polish political parties are characterized by a plurality of educational visions. They often are proposals for reforms adapting education to the tasks of the modern economy, market and social changes. The research method used in the article is the analysis of source documents, i.e. political party programmes, as well as their comparative analysis. The programmes of 14 political parties, valid in the second decade of the 21st century, were analyzed. These were in the order: Democratic Left Alliance (SLD), Labor Union (UP), Polish Labor Party – August 80 (PPP-S’80), Party Together, Spring, Green Party, Polish People’s Party (PSL), Democratic Party (SD), Civic Platform (PO), Modern Party, Law and Justice (PiS), Coalition of the Restoration of the Republic Freedom and Hope (KORWiN), Right Wing of the Republic, National Movement (RN).

Еволюція підготовки майбутніх учителів музики в Польщі у контексті розвитку педагогічної освіти

Integration of Ukraine into the European educational space necessitates solution of a number of complex problems, including modification of music-pedagogical education, taking into account historical experience of training music teachers in other countries. Taking into account the fact that educational traditions of Ukraine and Poland are very similar, a constructive study of the evolution of music teacher training in the system of pedagogical education of the Second Commonwealth of Poland seem to be timely. The article is aimed at revealing peculiarities of the evolution of music teachers’ training in Poland in the process of development of pedagogical education. In order to achieve this goal, a number of research methods have been used, in particular: analytical (comparative-terminological, historical-pedagogical (historical-genetic, retrospective), comparative-diachronic), structural-typological and empirical (conversations, discussions and e-mailing). The characteristics of the evolution of music teacher training in Poland as a historical reality is carried out in the form of historical-genetic analysis of a set of facts substantiating the theoretical ideas on such development, logical reconstruction of historical-scientific processes, identification of national specificity and All-European development tendencies, which allows us to predict the ways of modernization of music-pedagogical education in Ukraine. It has been proved that, throughout its historical development, despite constant socio-political influences of other states (Austrian, Prussian and Russian empires, later – USSR), Poland has tried to preserve national traditions of teachers’ training, which was primarily reflected in the developed structure, the variety of types of centres of pedagogical education, the search for its optimal models. It has been found out that under modern conditions, bifurcation processes in the systems of higher pedagogical and secondary school education lead to the weakening of the bonds between them. The impact of secondary school reforms on modification of pedagogical education, which is being brutally macadamized, is being greatly decreasing. At the beginning of the XXI century, an external (supranational) attractor – the Bologna Process – started influencing dramatically the development of the higher education system in Poland, in particular pedagogical which aims at ensuring the conformity of the structure and quality of Polish education with the European standards and European dimension of higher education. The results of the study include, in particular, identification of terminological differences in the works of certain Polish and Ukrainian scholars regarding the training of Music teachers; concretization of the heuristic potential of the laws of dialectics and synergetic approach concerning contradictory development of music training of teaches and pedagogical training of Music teachers in the context of historically conditioned changes within the structure of pedagogical education and cultural-musical needs of society. Keywords: Music teacher training, historical-pedagogical discourse, development of pedagogical education, musical training, school reforms, European dimension of higher education, Poland, Ukraine, national traditions.

A Comparative Analysis of Professional Training of Future Physical Culture Teachers in Leading European Countries

AbstractThe article deals with analysis of undergraduate courses for professional training of future physical culture teachers in Poland, Germany, France, and Ukraine. These countries set a number of requirements to higher educational establishments that have professionally oriented programmes for such specialists and are almost similar in majority of the countries. It has been revealed that the content of studies is oriented on current demands of the labor market and personal needs of future physical culture teachers. Forms of organization of undergraduate courses for future physical culture teachers (lectures, seminars, practical classes, individual and group projects, individual work) have been analyzed. Undergraduate courses in Poland have been analyzed. They are oriented on search of new educational training programs that would correspond to changes on national, regional, and global educational services markets and labor markets. It has been revealed that educational system in Poland includes state and private educational establishments. The research showed that the system of higher education in Poland is regulated by state legislative acts. It has been revealed that all higher educational establishments in Germany are divided into the following groups: universities, higher vocational schools giving specialized vocational training, higher educational schools (colleges) of arts and music. The research showed that each of federal lands has certain autonomy and can independently regulate educational policy and term of educational reforms implementation. It has been revealed that demands are made to teachers, namely to professional competence, knowledge, professional ability, preparedness, and skills needed for teachers to be able to solve certain educational problems. Studies consist of compulsory and elective modules. French system of education that has vivid national specifics has been analyzed in the article. It has been revealed that France has its own system of diplomas and academic degrees. It has been described that in France, university training of specialists in physical education and sport focuses on combination of fundamental theoretical education and professional practice. The author tackles present-day requirements to professional activity of teachers and professional training of future physical culture teachers in Ukraine. The structure of higher education in Ukraine has been built based on the structure of education on developed countries approved by UNESCO, UN and other international organizations.

Cooperative relations between public higher education institutions: the contextual nature of the process of their creation

The aim of this study is to recognize the external conditions for establishing cooperative relations between public higher education institutions. At the same time, these conditions constitute the context in which a cooperative relation is or is not established. The article points out that establishing such relations is intentional. It is the external conditions (context) and benefits of adjusting to them that are of key importance for their creation and, in the long run, foe their maintenance. The study focuses on the possibilities of cooperation between public higher education institutions in the legal form of a federation. The study was based on the results of reviewing the literature and current legal acts regulating the higher education system in Poland.