Education Authorities Research Articles

Introduction: time and temporality in the datafied governance of education

ABSTRACT This special issue offers an exploration of the interaction of datafication and temporality in educational governance and demonstrates the many ways in which this interaction can be framed, theorized, conceptualized, and studied, adopting poststructuralist, sociomaterial, and new materialist frameworks. The special issue defines temporality as manifestations of time in human existance (Hoy in Kitchin, 2023: 4), and touches upon questions of temporality encompassing aspects like time frames, timing, tempo, duration, sequence, and past, presence, and future. In this introduction to the special issue, we first propose various theoretical perspectives on time that we find fruitful for the study of datafication and temporality, emphasizing poststructuralist, sociomaterial, and new materialist theorizations. Next, we outline three overall research questions relating to the interaction between datafication and temporality, and discuss their critical potential, exemplified through the articles included in the special issue as well as other research. Finally, we present a number of methodological considerations relating to time, exemplified by the final paper of the special issue and other research.

An exploration of governance in teaching hospitals in the Netherlands focused on educational objectives

BackgroundMany countries are improving medical education in teaching hospitals through more focus on internal quality assurance, for example by creating new stakeholders like hospital-wide education committees. Adequate oversight is thought essential to ensure the quality of medical education. How teaching hospitals distribute roles and responsibilities for quality control across educational stakeholders to organize this oversight is rarely investigated. This study aims to answer the following exploratory question: Who are the primary stakeholders involved in educational governance, and what are their roles in safeguarding educational quality in teaching hospitals?MethodsWe conducted an exploratory qualitative study of educational governance structures in all teaching hospitals in the Netherlands with at least three training programs. We carried out document analysis of recent governance codes, documents drafted by Dutch teaching hospitals to describe their methods of internal governance for the national accreditor, and analyzed the data using a thematic analysis approach through the lens of organizational theories of Mintzberg and Freidson.ResultsThe study identified key stakeholders in quality management of medical education in all teaching hospitals of the Netherlands. An overview of their roles and responsibilities is given and a stakeholder map is drafted. Teaching hospitals gave the hospital-wide education committee three different roles: an advisory role, a quality controller role and a conflict mediation role.DiscussionHospitals have set up the assignment of decision-making power in different ways, creating different variants of hospital-wide education committees and potentially causing them to be less effective at quality management. Whether these different roles affect the quality management of medical education in practice requires practice-oriented research. The study reveals remarkable ambiguity regarding the assignment and exercise of decision-making power between actors. This study contributes to the literature by identifying key actors and their roles in the quality management of postgraduate medical education, providing a foundation for follow-up research.

Making Arab socialism palatable: Egyptian housewives and the politics of food in Nasser’s Egypt

ABSTRACT This article looks at the intersection of gender, politics and domesticity in the context of Arab Socialist planning in Egypt by analysing the advice given to women around food shopping and preparation in the 1960s. Discourses around food provision and consumption as a crucial component of socialist domesticity and of state intervention positioned women at the centre of the Nasserist project – as its symbols, beneficiaries, agents and occasionally, as its antagonists. Women – housewives in particular – were responsible, in a multitude of ways for making Arab socialism comfortable and, in the case of food shopping and preparation, palatable in the context of increasing economic austerity. I argue that cooking advice, found chiefly in the women’s press but also in cookbooks, popular culture, the educational system and government discourses around food purchasing under socialism politicised the figure of the housewife in new ways, as both as a beneficiary of the food supply program and as a political subject charged with the success of Arab socialist planning.

Enabling smart parking for smart cities using Internet of Things (IoT) and machine learning

With the escalating number of vehicles and the lack of parking spaces, the issue of parking has become a significant problem in major cities as it is a daily occurrence for educational institutions, companies, and government facilities, resulting in fuel wastage and time inefficiencies. In their work lives, employees often face problems when parking their cars in the work parking area. Finding a space for their vehicle can take a lot of time and effort, leading to late arrival for work. On the other hand, security guards have difficulty entering their employees’ cars. In this context, our proposed system attempts to address this pressing issue, which consists of two parts: one is a camera at the parking gate that recognizes the license plate using the Automatic Number Plate Recognition (ANPR) algorithm, where the camera captures the license plate and outputs the plate number using the optical character recognition (OCR) technique. After that, the resulting data is cross-referenced with database records for seamless entry authentication. This eliminates the need for security personnel to verify vehicle identities or stickers manually, streamlining access procedures. The second part is a camera in the car parks that distinguishes between vacant and available parking spaces and stores the data collected by the camera in the centralized database, enabling the real-time display of the nearest available parking spots on digital screens at entrance gates, significantly reducing the time and effort spent in locating parking spaces. Through this innovative solution, we aim to enhance urban mobility and alleviate the challenges associated with urban parking congestion, thereby resolving the problem of intelligent parking for smart cities with the help of machine learning.

Digital transformation in Cambodian higher education: Current trends and future directions

This paper delves into stakeholder perspectives on the current state and future of digital transformation in higher education institutions (HEIs) in Cambodia. Through online surveys, data were collected from academic staff, management, support personnel, and students across both private and public HEIs. The findings reveal generally positive assessments of the extent and effectiveness of digital transformations in Cambodian higher education. Respondents expressed a collective aspiration for enhanced digital infrastructure, training, and leadership support, while also highlighting persistent disparities in access and digital competence among students. The study underscores the need for a coherent, socially responsive digital strategy that addresses Cambodia’s unique socio-economic factors. Participants recognize the transformative potential of technologies such as AI, gamification, and blended learning in enhancing educational experiences. However, concerns regarding equity must be prioritized to prevent exacerbating existing divides. The findings emphasize the importance of ongoing stakeholder collaboration and strategic leadership from governmental and educational authorities to foster a comprehensive digital ecosystem that promotes equitable access to education. Ultimately, this research offers critical insights for policy-making, institutional planning, and educational practices. It advocates for a balanced approach between technological integration and maintaining essential human elements in learning environments. Further research is recommended to capture a wider range of voices and experiences from diverse educational contexts within Cambodia, enabling a more nuanced understanding of the challenges and prospects of digital transformation in higher education.

Education 4.0: Teachers’ Strategies, Needs, And Challenges

This study examines the evolving educational environment shaped by the Fourth Industrial Revolution, which necessitates innovative approaches to teaching and learning. The research focuses on the integration of technology in education and the corresponding competencies required by teachers to meet the demands of 21st-century learners. The study specifically investigates the strategies, needs, and challenges faced by secondary teachers in the Third Congressional District of Iloilo in transitioning towards Education 4.0. Grounded in the theoretical framework of Connectivism, the study employs a descriptive-correlational research design, utilizing a structured questionnaire to gather data from 296 respondents. Findings reveal that while teachers are eager to adopt Education 4.0 strategies, they face significant challenges, including limited access to resources, insufficient training, and varying levels of digital literacy among students. The study concludes with recommendations for enhanced professional development, improved access to technological resources, and the promotion of collaborative learning environments to better support teachers in this transition. These findings hold significant implications for stakeholders, including educational authorities, school administrators, and policymakers, in fostering a future-ready educational system. Keywords: Education 4.0, Fourth Industrial Revolution, Connectivism, digital literacy, teacher competencies, innovative teaching strategies, professional development, technological integration

How Could Higher Education System Help Attract International Organisations? Differences Between China, the U.S., Switzerland, and the Netherlands

ABSTRACTAs more regions seek to attract international organisations (IOs) to improve their lack of voice in the global community, researchers have increasingly examined the factors that influence the IO location decisions. While these studies inform policy development, most focus on external factors such as international relations, with limited attention to a city's internal qualities. We reviewed the existing literature systematically to identify the factors that influence the location selection of IOs and deeply discussed the neglected factors as well as how to improve them. We especially explored “talents gathering” factor and analysed what could the higher education system contribute to it. We found out three main influencing factors: economy, government action, and talent gathering, among which the third is the most pivotal one. Specifically, even economically robust regions might lose IOs if political instability or other issues hinder timely payment of dues. Government policies should foster networks to prevent competition between different levels of governance. Additionally, IO tends to have less mobile talent pools compared to other industries, making it harder for these organisations to establish a talent base in new locations. Furthermore, an interesting finding is that higher education may greatly foster building the IO ecosystem within a city. We found that, compared to Western models, Chinese universities lack specialised programs to train professionals for IOs, offer insufficient practical resources, and are unaware of the need to establish employment support systems. These observations highlight the need for decision‐makers of higher education institutions (HEIs) and governments to maximise resources to build the local IO ecosystem and IO employment support system.

Organisational factors influencing the integration model of interaction between a pedagogical university and a regional educational system

Introduction. At the current stage of development in the interaction between pedagogical universities and regional education systems (RESs), there is an opportunity to evaluate both the effectiveness of existing models of collaboration between the region and universities, as well as the influence of internal and external factors on the functioning of these models. Aim. The present research aimed to identify the most significant factors influencing the effectiveness of the integration model of interaction between a pedagogical university and RESs, as well as how these factors are perceived by the participants involved in this interaction. Methodology and research methods. In this study, the authors investigated the effectiveness of various factors influencing the integration model of interaction between pedagogical universities and RESs through the lens of systems and environmental approaches. In this context, interaction is viewed as both a process and an outcome of the dynamically evolving relationships between complex, integrated systems, aimed at maintaining balance and achieving objectives within the contemporary socio-cultural educational environment. A survey was employed as the assessment method, involving 2,335 employees from regional educational organisations, educational authorities, educational development institutes, and pedagogical universities. The participants ranged in age from 20 to 73 years, with an average age of 45.6 years (standard deviation: 12.3), and 89.8% of the respondents were women. Results. The study revealed a discrepancy between the perspectives of different parties regarding the nature of their interactions, particularly in how representatives from various organisations perceive the functioning of interaction models between pedagogical universities and RESs. University representatives view these interactions as more fruitful and intensive, while RES representatives tend to perceive their engagement with pedagogical universities primarily in terms of addressing the challenges of training future teachers and mitigating staff shortages within RESs. Furthermore, the research indicated that the territorial factor holds greater significance for RES representatives compared to university employees. It was also found that the selection of programme content and the educational outcomes associated with it reflect the actual deficits and needs of the interacting parties. Scientific novelty. For the first time, a large-scale survey conducted among representatives of RESs and pedagogical universities comprehensively examined the perceptions of the involved parties regarding the nature of their interaction. It also identified the factors influencing this interaction and revealed the expectations of the participants concerning the professional development programme. Practical significance. The research findings can serve as a foundation for designing interactions between pedagogical universities and RESs. This implementation is feasible during the development of professional competencies, motivations, and the significance of collaborative activities within a specially designed professional development programme for the participants involved in this interaction.

Regulatory framework for prosociality development in a modern Russian comprehensive school

Introduction. The relevance of the study is determined by the need to develop prosocial behavior in young people as one of the main conditions for developing harmonious social relations in modern Russian society. The global trend toward implementing the idea of prosociality in education as a tool for developing prosocial communities is supported by leading global institutions and projects focused on the education system and upbringing of young people (for example, OECD Future of Education and Skills 2030, Global Education Futures). The study aims to identify the regulatory conditions for developing prosociality in a modern Russian comprehensive school. Materials and methods. The source base of the study was the regulatory documents defining the state policy of the Russian Federation in the field of education and upbringing in comprehensive schools (federal laws, decrees of the government of the Russian Federation, the Federal State Educational Standard of Basic General Education, the Concepts of academic subjects “Fundamentals of the Spiritual and Moral Culture of the Peoples of Russia”, “History of Russia”, “Social Science”, methodological recommendations and materials developed by the Ministry of Education, and administrative documents of the central education authorities in the Russian Federation). During the study, a systematic approach was used, as well as scientific research methods: textual analysis, the comparison method, and the historical and genetic method. Results. The studied corpus of documents displayed normative regulation of activities to develop prosociality as a moral quality in line with the paradigm of the humanistic nature of education. Forming the civic activity of schoolchildren as an integral part of prosocial behavior is possible through the participation of schoolchildren in solving national problems, primarily in the format of volunteering. The greatest attention in Russian legislation is paid to issues of patriotic education of youth. Conclusion. A phenomenon of modern education is prosocial attitudes being introduced into the consciousness of young people, understood as a person’s ability to help others, take an active civic position, and act in the external environment.

RISE 전환에 따른 대학 재정지원의 쟁점과 과제

This study aims to examine in detail what considerations and efforts are needed for RISE, which will bring significant changes to the future university financial support ecosystem, to be successfully established in the field. To this end, we examined the major issues related to university financial support following the RISE transition, and examined in detail the direction and tasks of university financial support for the successful establishment of RISE. In terms of sufficiency in securing the RISE budget, this study analyzed issues concerning the budget scale managed by the Ministry of Education and local governments and proposed future tasks. Regarding fairness and efficiency in the distribution of the RISE budget, the study reviewed the appropriateness of distributing the ‘basic subsidy’, which considers the unique characteristics and performance of each region. Additionally, it examined the balance between the proportions of basic and differential subsidies and the validity of elements in the differential subsidy distribution formula, proposing corresponding tasks. Finally, concerning the autonomy of RISE budget expenditure, the study assessed the suitability of budget allocation methods for local governments and suggested future directions for improvement.

Implementasi Kebijakan Pondok Pesantren Ramah Anak: Tantangan dan Peluang di Era Modern

Islamic boarding schools as religious-based educational institutions have a very strategic role in forming children's character and spiritual values. This research aims to explore the implementation of policies regarding Child-Friendly Islamic Boarding Schools, as well as the challenges and opportunities faced in the modern context. This research method uses literature study by collecting several journals related to the title and focus of the research raised. By analyzing various academic sources and related policies, this research identified that the challenges faced include: lack of understanding of child protection, understanding of gender, and limited access to information in remote areas. On the other hand, there are opportunities that arise from increasing public attention to children's rights, support for government policies, and technological innovation that can support the sustainability of education. The study results show that collaboration between educational institutions, government and society is very important to optimize the implementation of this policy. In this way, it is hoped that Islamic Boarding Schools can be transformed into places that are child-friendly, comfortable and successful in supporting their growth. Keywords: Boarding School, Policy, Child Friendly

교육감 선거의 무효표, 무관심 결정요인 탐색 : 2022년 교육감 선거를 중심으로

This study investigates the determinants of ballot invalidation and electoral apathy in superintendent election, a crucial part of educational political decentralization. Through a dual approach employing aggregate electoral data and individual-level survey responses, I empirically test theoretical frameworks spanning socioeconomic status, social identity theory, and rational choice theory. The findings reveal that patterns of invalid balloting and political apathy in superintendent election are significantly associated with socioeconomic status(educational level), social identity (presence of school-age children in the household, gender, and party identification), and rational choice factors reflecting electoral costs and benefits(effective number of candidates, electoral closeness, incumbent presence, and availability of vote information). In metropolitan jurisdictions, invalid votes and political apathy demonstrated strong positive relationship with socioeconomic status(educational attainment and age), social identity(party identification), and rational choice (electoral closeness, incumbency effects, and information accessibility) factors. Notably, the relationship between invalid votes and incumbent presence exhibited an inverse pattern, suggesting distinct underlying mechanisms. Based on this analysis, policy implications are as follows. The study recommends tailored strategies to reduce invalid ballots, enhance citizen engagement, and improve educational governance through collaborative institutional efforts.

Reformaci i bernardyni galicyjscy w XIX wieku

In the 19th century there were two monastic provinces in Galicia: that of the Reformed Franciscans (the Reformati) and of the Bernardines (the Franciscan Observants). The Reformed Franciscans province was considerably smaller than the Bernardine one, both in terms of the number of monasteries and the monks. Both provinces, remaining under Austrian rule, struggled with the so-called Josephine system, which brought many hazards for the monastic life. Monasteries were getting empty, bishops would direct monks to work in parishes, state authorities made it difficult to admit candidates for religious orders and restricted any contact with central monastic authorities in Rome, monasteries suffered poverty. In that situation, some monks would return to secular life, and those working in parishes did not feel like returning to monasteries. Those who did used to indulge in embarrassing practices, like accepting money for their own needs without the superior’s consent. The superiors, in turn, would give up their posts, unable to meet the material needs of the congregation. Provincial superiors tried to maintain monastic discipline through inspections, sending out circulaires, and summoning provincial chapters. They found the formation of candidates for religious orders significant. They were able to set up their own monastic studies. Despite the many difficulties, the monks conducted intense pastoral activity in monastic churches. In the sanctuaries under their care, they tried to give the faithful access to the sacrament of penance. As far as it was possible, at the bishops’ request, they devoted themselves to missionary work in Galicia. They took special care of the Third Order. They served as confessors and chaplains to nuns. They built Stations of the Cross. They set up and ran schools, which, though not representing high intellectual level for various reasons, educated young people pretty well at the time when educational authorities did not have the right secular teaching staff. A few monks became famous for their pious lives.

Synergy of Public Administration and Education in Efforts to Improve the Quality of Education in Indonesia

Education plays a central role in developing superior and competitive human resources. However, challenges in improving the quality of education remain significant, including unequal access, inadequate infrastructure, and uneven distribution of educators. This research aims to identify the role of public administration in the education sector, explore the ideal synergy between public administration and education, and formulate strategies for enhancing educational quality. A literature review approach is used to analyze the synergy between public administration and education in improving educational quality in Indonesia. The sources of literature include scholarly journal articles, reports from educational institutions, government policies, and statistical data from official agencies. The research findings indicate that the synergy between public administration and education is crucial for enhancing educational quality. The ideal synergy involves effective coordination between central and local governments, as well as the involvement of the private sector and the community. Strategies for improving educational quality through inter-agency cooperation include collaboration between educational institutions and the government, networking among schools, developing teacher training, providing access to technology, conducting joint research, and implementing supervision. Recommendations from this research include increasing regional involvement in policy formulation, enhancing oversight, and strengthening partnerships with the private sector.

Plan de Mejora de la Unidad Educativa San Juan Bosco

This work describes the educational audit process based on the 55 Quality Standards established by the National Education Authority in the Fiscomisional Educational Unit. This process aims to identify areas for improvement in school management and the professional performance of teachers and administrators to create a safer and more conducive learning environment. The audit was conducted using qualitative and field research methodologies, employing interviews, observation, and document review. The results show that 88% of the standards are satisfactorily met, reflecting good pedagogical practice. Areas for improvement were identified, such as the lack of documented administrative and academic procedures, recognizing the teachers’ work, and the need to strengthen the accountability process. Through an improvement plan to which all members are committed, it will be possible to work towards achieving the outstanding level of quality standards and to have the support of educational advisors to enhance the institution's mission for the benefit of the students.

Accreditation and Quality Assurance in World-Leading Universities

Accreditation and quality assurance mechanisms play a critical role in ensuring the standards of higher education globally. In world-leading universities, these processes ensure that academic programs meet established criteria of excellence, facilitating global recognition, trust in academic credentials, and continuous institutional improvement. This paper explores the accreditation and quality assurance frameworks that govern some of the most prestigious universities in the world, analyzing how they are applied, their impact on the academic landscape, and the challenges and opportunities they present for both institutions and students. Using case studies from the United States, United Kingdom, and other regions, this research examines the varying approaches to quality assurance, while highlighting the global trends shaping the future of higher education governance.

The Impact of Hong Kong's Education Policy on Hong Kong's Human Capital Immigration

Hong Kong is a city of immigrants, combining Chinese wisdom and Western management experience into one, and with its rapid economic growth, it has become one of the wealthiest, most economically developed, and highest standard of living regions in the world. This study utilizes the literature research method to outline the facilitation of the arrival of migrants by the government's education and talent acquisition policies. This paper outlines some aspects: Firstly, the rapid development of Hong Kong has attracted many foreign immigrants, and their descendants have also received abundant educational resources in Hong Kong. Secondly, Hong Kong's diverse secondary and university education resources have attracted the arrival of foreign immigrants and mobile students. third, the diversified workforce brings diverse human capital to Hong Kong, with immigrants of many statuses contributing to Hong Kong's economy. The impact of immigration on the development of Hong Kong is of great significance. Integrating different foreign immigrants and mobile students has made Hong Kong a diverse society. Hong Kong's economy has developed significantly thanks to the government's tolerant approach to education, incorporating different educational styles in the context of different cultures and immigrant diversity.

Implementation of Religious Moderation Values in Islamic Education Learning at Elementary, Secondary, and Higher Education Schools

The cultivation of religious moderation values at the primary, secondary and tertiary education levels is essential to maintain harmony in a plural society. Radicalization and intolerance are challenges that must be faced in the education process. This study aims to analyze the implementation of religious moderation values in Islamic education at various levels, as well as to identify challenges and effective strategies in its implementation. The research methodology used is qualitative with a literature research approach. Data were collected from various relevant literature sources to answer the research questions. The results show that the implementation of religious moderation values is carried out through an approach that is in accordance with the development of students at each level of education. However, there are still challenges in the form of gaps in understanding among students and lack of community involvement. The implementation of religious moderation values in schools has a strategic role in shaping an inclusive and tolerant generation. Collaboration between educational institutions, government and communities is essential to ensure the internalization of these values at all levels of education.

Local Quality Management for Developing Schools’ Capacity Building: A Multiyear Study from Sweden

In recent decades, there has been a growing body of research that highlights local education authorities (LEA) as potential contributors to support school capacity building and result development. Despite this, there are few empirical studies that have explored what effects different strategies and policy actions from the LEAs actual have over time. Based on results from a five-year research project in a major Swedish municipality, the aim with this multiyear and multi-level study is to explore the effects of a LEA’s quality management processes of six schools’ capacity building. The results from the study show a clear strengthening of the schools’ improvement agenda, improvement organization and improvement leadership of the six schools. Two LEA strategies can be distinguished as especially important to explain the school improvements: i) systematic and long-term data-based school improvement routines and processes; ii) quality dialogues for monitoring and support. Two conclusions can be drawn: i) the importance for the LEA to be responsive so its improvement strategies are integrated into the schools’ local school improvement system; ii) the importance that the LEA work with multifaceted strategies containing aspects of control and accountability and learning and support.

STAFF WELFARE AND UNION ROLES IN NIGERIAN UNIVERSITIES

This study explored the dynamics of interactions between the Academic Staff Union of Universities (ASUU) and its members, focusing on their perceptions of staff welfare in Nigerian universities. Drawing on Social Exchange Theory, the study examined how Academic Staff Union of Universities members invest in the union with expectations of reciprocal benefits, particularly in advocating for their welfare. A descriptive survey design was employed, with data collected from Academic Staff Union of Universities members in six universities through questionnaires and interviews. Findings reveal significant gender differences in perceptions of remuneration improvements since 2015, with male respondents showing more positive views. Moreover, while salaries for academic staff have increased nominally, inflation and economic factors have diminished their real value, leading to economic desperation among members. Academic Staff Union of Universities’ efforts to secure earned allowances are commendable, yet political obstacles persist. The study underscores Academic Staff Union of Universities’ vital role in improving member welfare and challenging government dominance in tertiary education governance. To address staff welfare, it is essential to prioritize negotiation over strikes, embrace multidimensional approaches to dispute resolution, and ensure timely payment of earned allowances. Overall, proactive dialogue, mutual respect, and effective conflict resolution are essential for enhancing academic staff welfare and educational standards in Nigerian universities. Keywords: Academic staff, Agreement, ASUU, Federal Government, Remuneration, Staff welfare, State Government Union, Universities