Family Education Research Articles

A Study on the Use of Children's Picture Books in Community Education: An Analysis Based on Typical Cases

This study explores the application of children’s picture books in community education, focusing on their role in enhancing cognitive abilities, promoting emotional development, and strengthening family education. Through a combination of theoretical analysis and multiple case studies, the research examines the multifaceted educational value of picture books. Findings reveal that picture books, with their vivid illustrations and engaging narratives, transcend traditional educational functions by fostering parent-child interaction, improving social cohesion, and addressing diverse educational needs within communities. The study also highlights innovative practices, including thematic diversity and digital transformations, which increase the practicality and appeal of picture book education. Suggestions for future development emphasize the importance of broadening thematic content, embracing digital technologies, fostering multi-stakeholder collaborations, and enhancing equity through targeted programs for disadvantaged groups. By integrating theoretical insights and practical applications, this research underscores the potential of children’s picture books as dynamic tools for community education, contributing to cultural enrichment and social progress.

Incidence, mortality, and global burden of retinoblastoma in 204 countries worldwide from 1990 to 2021: Data and systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.

Retinoblastoma (Rb), the primary intraocular malignancy in children, poses significant risks, yet its overall burden remains inadequately assessed. This study aims to analyze global Rb trends using Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factors study (GBD) 2021 data. GBD 2021 data was analyzed to assess Rb incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) from 1990 to 2021. Average annual percentage changes (AAPCs) were calculated across genders, age groups (0-9 years), and geographic regions categorized by socio-demographic index (SDI) quintiles. From 1990 to 2021, the global Rb age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) increased from 0.08 (per 100,000, range: 0.05 to 0.10) to 0.09 (per 100,000, range: 0.06 to 0.13). ASIR was not significantly correlated with SDI (R = -0.095, P = 0.18), while age-standardized DALYs rate (R = -0.693, P < 0.001) and age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) (R = -0.71, P < 0.001) were significantly and negatively correlated with SDI. Increases in ASIR were concentrated in Asia, Europe, and northern and southern Africa. The highest standardized DALYs and ASMR were noted in certain countries in Asia, Europe, and South Africa. Among age groups, the highest disease burdens were observed in the "0-6 days" and "2-4 years" groups. There were no significant gender differences in Rb burden globally. Despite global progress, regions with lower SDI face elevated Rb burden and mortality. Females exhibit higher burdens during infancy, necessitating further investigation. Effective Rb management in resource-limited areas requires international collaboration focused on health education, early diagnosis, and prenatal screening for high-risk families.

Disparity in Resource Utilization of motion-sparing Anterior Cervical Spine Surgery: An analysis of NSQIP® and PearlDiver® Database.

Widespread racial, gender-related, socioeconomic and insurance-related disparities have been widely implicated in the utilization of new and improved surgical techniques including various aspects spinal surgery. A comprehensive analysis of such disparities is lacking for motion-preserving techniques in cervical spine surgery. To explore the disparities in resource utilization of motion-sparing technology in cervical spine surgery. Retrospective Review of large database PATIENT SAMPLE: NSQIP® database from 2010-2021 and PearlDiver® database from 2010-2022 were queried. CPT codes for cervical disc arthroplasty (CDA), and anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) were utilized to isolate the case records (Table 1 and 3). Pre-operative clinical, racial, and gender data were investigated utilizing NSQIP®. PearlDiver® was used for area-level family income, education, insurance status and unemployment. Chi-square, Kruskal-Wallis and logistic regression were used for univariable categorical, continuous and multivariable analyses, respectively. A total of 5,912 and 32,625 CDA cases and 69,701 and 526,851 ACDF cases were isolated from NSQIP® and PearlDiver®, respectively. 'Younger' age, 'Asian Pacific Islander' race and elective surgery (p<0.001), were associated with undergoing CDA in NSQIP® database. Presence of Type 1 diabetes, smoking and hypertension (HTN) (p<0.001) were associated with undergoing ACDF in NSQIP®. PearlDiver® database showed 'Younger' age, higher area-level 'Family Income', and a higher mean percent of patients with 'private health insurance' (p<0.001) were associated with undergoing CDA. Higher area level unemployment was associated with ACDF. Wide spread racial, gender-related, and socioeconomic disparities have been observed. Identification of these disparities is sentinel for implication of change in health-care policy mitigating issues such as underinsurance leading to establishment of health equity.

Analysis of Socioeconomic Factors Affecting Community Access to Public Health Services in Rural Areas

This study aims to analyze socioeconomic factors that affect rural communities ' access to public health services. The study used quantitative descriptive design with cross-sectional approach. The Data was collected through questionnaires from 190 respondents randomly selected from several villages. Data analysis was conducted using multiple linear regression to evaluate the relationship between family income, education level, employment status, and infrastructure access to health care access. The results showed that socioeconomic factors, such as family income, education level, and employment status, have a significant influence on the ability of rural communities to access health facilities. In addition, the distance to health facilities and the limited means of transport are the main barriers, creating access inequalities between people in rural and urban areas. The study recommends improving health infrastructure, health education programs, as well as subsidy policies to help low-income communities. The findings provide important insights for governments and relevant agencies to design inclusive and sustainable policies to improve the quality of health services in rural areas.

P-331. Patient Perspectives Regarding the Use of Contact Precautions for Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a VA Acute Care Hospital

Abstract Background The optimal approach to using contact precautions for patients known to be colonized or infected with MRSA remains unclear despite knowledge that transmission risk varies by healthcare personnel role and care activity being performed. Additionally, the patient perspective is not routinely represented in infection control policies. The aim of this study was to assess patient perspectives on risk-based application of MRSA contact precautions in VA hospitals. Methods We conducted an in-person 75-minute focus group with seven Veteran patients colonized with MRSA. The session was audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. We developed a codebook based on the interview guide and used Nvivo 9 for analysis. One research team member coded the transcripts. Thematic analysis was utilized to summarize the findings. Emergent themes and patterns were identified by initial inductive analysis and themes were condensed into overarching categories. Results All patients agreed that they would prefer if healthcare workers wore gloves and a gown the entire time when providing care to all patients with MRSA. As shown in Table 1, participants identified three themes related to perceived advantages to the use of contact precautions for all care of patients with MRSA. The most frequently mentioned advantage was that doing so aligns with the premise that protecting patients and making them feel safe while in hospital should be the top priority. Participants also acknowledged five themes describing disadvantages to contact precautions such as the environmental impact and cost but stressed that these disadvantages should not be used to rationalize provision of what they viewed as suboptimal care. Most participants were open to a risk-tailored approach instead of total removal of all contact although some articulated concerns this may make patients may feel less safe and feel like they are not being treated equally. Conclusion These qualitative findings suggest that Veteran patients with MRSA support the use of contact precautions and are willing to consider a risk-tailored approach to glove and gown use if this is accompanied by education for healthcare personnel, patients, and families. Disclosures Anthony Harris, MD, MPH, Innoviva: Advisor/Consultant|UpToDate: Infection Control Editor

Dietary Lipid Profile in Spanish Children with Overweight or Obesity: A Longitudinal Study on the Impact of Children’s Eating Behavior and Sedentary Habits

Background: Dietary lipids, sedentary habits, and eating behaviors influence childhood obesity, but their interrelations remain unclear. Aim: To assess the relationships between young children’s dietary lipid profile and children’s eating behavior, as well as their sedentary habits, providing evidence-based insights that can help mitigate obesity risk in this vulnerable population. Design: A longitudinal randomized controlled trial conducted over 9 months, involving 90 children aged 2–6 years with overweight or obesity who were followed under a program that promoted healthy lifestyle habits for all participants and regularly monitored their parameters. Methods: The dietary lipid profile, eating behavior, and sedentary habits were assessed at baseline and after 9 months using validated tools, including 24 h recalls, the child eating behavior questionnaire (CEBQ), and screen time questionnaires. Results: Reductions in screen/sedentary time were significantly associated with decreased total fat (−11.1 g/day) and saturated fat (−4.3 g/day) intake, compared to smaller reductions in unchanged screen hours and increases with prolonged screen use. A positive correlation was observed between changes in dietary fat and the CEBQ domain “Desire to drink” (r = 0.528, p &lt; 0.001), with regression analysis confirming a direct relationship. Conclusions: Managing screen time and eating behavior is crucial for improving dietary lipid profile and reducing childhood obesity risk. Strategies should include reducing sedentary behaviors, limiting sugary drinks, and promoting water as the main beverage, alongside effective nutrition education for families.

P-611. Improving Rabies vaccination delivery and access: A Quality Improvement Project

Abstract Background Rabies remains a global public health concern.Barriers affecting rabies post exposure prophylaxis include lack of access to the rabies vaccine, coordination of care, and costs. Due to the challenges of vaccine access and coordination, most rabies vaccines are given in Emergency Centers (ECs). Barriers faced by patients in the EC include increased wait times, costs, and lack of appropriate referral or follow up coordination. We initiated a quality improvement project (QIP) to improve access to rabies vaccination and delivery of appropriate doses of the vaccine in the Infectious Diseases (ID) Clinic at our institution. Rabies post exposure prophylaxis in infectious diseases clinic Methods Our outcome measure was to increase the total number of patient encounters for rabies vaccination in the ID Clinic across the 3 campuses at TCH by 25% in 3 months. Process measures were 1) Increase the number of referrals placed to ID by EC on first encounter by 25% in 3 months. 2) Increase the percentage of patients seen in ID clinic for all subsequent doses. Balance measure was collecting surveys to evaluate patient satisfaction with the vaccine process, including any perceived barriers. Our PDSA cycles included: 1) Education on the process to the EC providers at each campus, pharmacy, and nursing leads 2) Creating an Epic smart phrase to include the rabies vaccine schedule with appropriate dates, ID clinic phone numbers, and rabies vaccine education for families. 3) Providing small cards with the Epic smart phrase and ID referral reminder to attach to EC provider workstations at each campus. 4) Request for a standardized order set to be built in Epic to include orders for HRIG (as indicated), rabies vaccine, and referral to ID. Results Figure 1 represents the percentage of vaccine encounters seen in the ID clinic with interventions marked. We had excellent patient satisfaction scores in the ID clinic related to less wait times, easy access and costs. There was a significant cost differential between the EC and ID clinic. Conclusion Rabies Vaccine encounters increased from 16% to 61% between September 2023 through April 2024 across all three campuses of the hospital. Vaccines were provided with appropriate indications. Patient satisfaction was high with significant cost savings. There are currently ongoing PDSA cycles to improve access to rabies vaccine further. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

Influence of Peer Pressure on Secondary School Students Dropout in Nanyamba Town Council, Mtwara, Tanzania

School dropout is among the phenomena challenging youth to achieve education and related skills to make them competitive in today’s global economy. This study explored the influence of socioeconomic factors and the dropping out of secondary school students; the extent of school dropout; and established the strategies for overcoming the school dropout syndrome at Nanyamba Town Council. The study utilized a qualitative approach using a study sample which included five headmasters, five class teachers, five class monitors, one ward educational officer, one quality assurance officer and one headquarters officer. A semi-structured interview was used for data collection. Findings disclosed that socioeconomic factors lead to students dropping out of school due to a lack of awareness of the importance of education and illiteracy in families. Parents’ low income and cultural aspects such as early marriage and early pregnancy. Divorce, lack of family planning, negative attitudes towards education especially for girls and parents' deaths were also found to be the problems leading to school dropout. Among the recommendations given are: the provision of scholastic materials, the provision of lunch by schools, mass mobilization and the need to sensitize the community on education to make them aware of the importance of secondary education

Updates in atypical hemolytic syndrome.

This review aims to summarize how scientific advances in complement biology have not only improved the diagnosis and management of aHUS but also continue to offer insights into the pathophysiology of complement-mediated disease that may be leveraged for future therapeutic developments. Updated information on the clinical and epidemiological features, pathophysiology, diagnosis, management, and potential for future therapeutic advancements in the treatment of aHUS are reviewed. aHUS is a rare but potentially life-threatening disease that requires prompt diagnosis and treatment as well as long-term management via a multidisciplinary team providing coordination of primary and specialty care as well as outreach and education for children and families affected by this life-long disease.

Thinking About Initiation: Spiritual Education and Cultural Identity in Benin

This article, based on an in-depth ethnographic study, highlights the essential role of initiation rites, such as Chakpanna, Ochoumaré, Monlou, Oro and Hunzizon...etc., in identity-building and social cohesion in Benin, drawing on participant observations and testimonials from social actors to demonstrate that they constitute a comprehensive traditional educational process. The study underlines the importance of transmitting ancestral knowledge, respect for tradition, solidarity and courage, which are essential to social cohesion and the preservation of Benin&amp;apos;s cultural heritage, while exploring the interactions between the traditional education of initiation rites, informal family education and formal modern education, as well as the challenges posed by modernity. The study underlines the need for constructive dialogue between traditional authorities, government institutions and civil society to balance tradition and evolution, thus ensuring the transmission of initiation rites to future generations, while opening up promising research prospects, including comparative studies with other African cultures to better understand the diversity of these rites and their role in identity building in a changing world.

Family Educational Inputs and Adolescent Academic Stress: The Mediating Role of Self-educational Expectations

The country pays more and more attention to the youth group, and reform measures continue to be taken, and the research on adolescents is also gradually increasing. This paper takes the influence of family education on adolescents as the core, and explores in depth the influence mechanism of each factor on academic pursuits of teenagers stress. The study's findings indicate that family education input and self-education expectations have an impact on adolescents' academic stress.

Analysis of Population Control Policy and Implementation of Family Planning Villages in Improving Socio-Economic Development in Indonesia: Literature Review

Population issues present a significant challenge for Indonesia, impacting social, economic, and environmental well-being. High population growth, uneven distribution, and the need for improved human resource quality are critical concerns demanding attention. This literature review analyzes population control policies implemented by the Indonesian government, particularly those initiated by the National Population and Family Planning Agency (BKKBN). Focusing on the Family Planning Village (KB Village) program, this study examines its approach to improving community quality of life through family planning, education, health, and economic empowerment. The review reveals that effective population control extends beyond birth rate reduction to encompass efforts that balance population growth with socio-economic development. The success of such programs is influenced by factors including effective communication, resource availability, implementer disposition, and a supportive bureaucratic structure. Therefore, this review argues that strengthening the capacity of regional bureaucracies, especially in high-growth areas, is crucial for achieving sustainable population control.

Relationship between children’s autism spectrum disorder and parental anxiety and burnout

Objective: To determine the association between children’s autism spectrum disorder with parental anxiety and burnout in Karachi, Pakistan. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Baqai Institute of Health Sciences, Baqai Medical University from December 2022, to November, 2023. Data collection was performed at three rehabilitation centers for autistic children in Karachi. The study population consisted of parents of autistic children. GAD-7 and Parental Burnout Assessment scales were used to assess the anxiety and burnout level among parents. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 21. Results: The study results showed that 49 (24.5%) parents had moderate anxiety while 38 (19.0%) had severe anxiety. Besides, 36 (18.0%) of them were at risk of burnout while 8 (4.0%) were diagnosed with burnout. Furthermore, gender of child (p=0.01), father’s age (p=0.015) and type of family (p=0.001) were significantly associated with the anxiety level whereas father’s age (p=0.036), father’s education (p=0.006) and type of family (p=0.046) were significantly associated with the burnout level of the parents. Conclusion: This study results showed significant association of certain child and parental characteristics such as child’s gender, father’s age and type of family with parental anxiety level and of father’s age, father’s education and type of family with parental burnout. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.41.2.9979 How to cite this: Akram M, Naqvi SMZH, Jameel N. Relationship between children’s autism spectrum disorder and parental anxiety and burnout. Pak J Med Sci. 2025;41(2):366-371. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.41.2.9979 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

A Relational Analysis of Level of Knowledge and Adoption of Mango Growers in Odisha, India

Odisha is the 8th largest producer of Mango state in India and occupies 61.00 % of total fruit cultivated areas of the state. The present research has been conducted to ascertain the level of knowledge and adoption of improved farm practices by the Mango farmers as well as to ascertain the association between selected socio-personal, agro-economic, and communication variables with level of knowledge and adoption. The study was conducted in two purposively selected One District One Product (ODOP) districts for Mango, i.e. Subarnapur &amp; Angul district of Odisha. Ten aspects of knowledge and nine broad aspects of adoption were considered for the present study. Data were collected from 180 respondents, 90 from each study district and analysed through statistical tools like Knowledge and Adoption Index, frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, correlation, multiple and step wise regression and ANOVA. It was found that Majority of the respondents were having medium and semi-medium level of overall knowledge and adoption respectively with no significant difference between study districts in this regard. Selected variables i.e. age, self-education, family-education, Mango farming experience, social participation, land holding, cultivable land, area under Mango, annual family income, overall information seeking behaviour, overall marketing behaviour, and overall adoption were found influencing the overall knowledge. Whereas, in case of level of adoption, all 11 variables out of the above mentioned 12 variables except overall level of adoption along with Mango yield index and overall knowledge were found having significant and strong correlation with overall adoption. The adjusted R2 were found 0.788 and 0.766 respectively for regression of overall knowledge and overall adoption with selected socio-personal, agro-economic and communication variables. The step wise regression of overall knowledge with selected variables showed that, 5 variables viz, overall information seeking behaviour, overall marketing behaviour, self-education, Mango yield index and family education appeared as most important variables that explained the variation in overall knowledge level. Similarly, while doing regression of overall adoption with selected variables, 3 variables viz., overall knowledge, cultivable land, Mango yield index appeared as most important variables that explained the variation in overall adoption.

The trend of suicide and self-harm in the Chinese population from 2018 to 2022 based on ambulance medical emergency cases: a retrospective study.

This study investigates the trends of suicide and self-harm in Nanjing, China, through 4 years of data collection, aiming to provide valuable information for developing effective suicide prevention strategies. This descriptive study analyzed Nanjing Emergency Medical Center (NEMC) ambulance records from Nanjing (2018-2022) to investigate suicide and self-harm events. Out of 689,305 records, 4,261 cases were included after exclusions. The study categorized incidents into 4,103 suicide events and 158 self-harm cases. Descriptive statistics and content analysis were conducted to identify characteristics and themes related to these events, with age groups defined according to American Medical Association standards. The study highlights drug poisoning as the leading method, accounting for 63.56% of the 4,103 suicide events. It notes significant trends by age, gender, and season, with males showing higher rates of self-harm. The study emphasizes the need for targeted prevention strategies, particularly focusing on drug-related suicides among adults and adolescents, as well as the prevalence of various self-harming behaviors. To reduce self-harm and suicide, interventions must be strengthened for women, who experience higher rates. Key strategies include regulating pesticides and psychotropic drugs, increasing access to mental health resources, and launching community awareness campaigns. Additionally, training healthcare providers and promoting family education can enhance support for women facing mental health challenges.

Breathing Easy: A Qualitative Analysis of School Nurse and Administrator Perspectives on Stock Inhalers and School-Based Asthma Management.

Stock inhalers are unassigned rescue inhalers available for students who experience asthma symptoms at school. This study sought to understand school nurse and administrator perspectives on school-based asthma management and stock inhaler policy implementation. Twenty-three semistructured interviews were conducted with professionals from five high asthma burdened counties in varied geographic settings. Thematic analysis revealed three themes. "School-Based Asthma Management" revealed concerns about management methods of asthma and respiratory emergencies, and incident tracking. "Access to a Supportive Asthma School Environment" emphasized growth opportunities for family education, staff training, and resource access. "Stock Inhaler Programming" described how stock inhalers ensure consistent asthma medication access with easy integration into existing emergency protocols. With proper adoption and dissemination, stock inhaler programming has the capacity to enhance school-based asthma management and emergency responsiveness in schools across the country. This study highlights how health policy implementation and its integration into practice can transform school health.

The application of machine learning approaches to classify and predict fertility rate in Ethiopia

Integrating machine learning (ML) models into healthcare systems is a rapidly evolving field with the potential to revolutionize care delivery. This study aimed to classify fertility rates and identify significant predictors using ML models among reproductive women in Ethiopia. This study utilized eight ML models in 5864 reproductive-age women using Ethiopian Demographic Health Survey (EDHS), 2019 data. Phyton programming language was used to develop these models. Predictors of fertility rate were determined using the feature important techniques. The performance of models was evaluated using accuracy, area under the curve (AUC), precision, recall, F1-score, specificity, and sensitivity. The mean age of participants was 32.7 (± 5.6) years. The random forest classifier (accuracy = 0.901 and AUC = 0.961) followed by a one-dimensional convolutional neural network (accuracy = 0.899 and AUC = 0.958), logistic regression (accuracy = 0.874 and AUC = 0.937), and gradient boost classifier (accuracy = 0.851 and AUC 0.927) were the top performing ML models. Family size, age, occupation, and education with an average importance score of 0.198, 0.151, 0.118, and 0.081, respectively were the top significant predictors of the fertility rate. The best ML models to classify and predict fertility rates were random forest, one-dimensional convolutional neural network, logistic regression, and gradient boost classifier. The findings on important factors of fertility rate can inform targeted public health, programs that address disparities related to family size, occupation, education, and other socioeconomic factors.

Health-Promoting Behaviors and Its Relationship With Anxiety, Depression, and Social Support Among Nursing Students in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study.

This study aimed to assess the levels and determinants of health-promoting behaviors (HPBs) and their correlations between HPBs, anxiety, depression, and social support among nursing students. A cross-sectional, correlational study was performed from March to June 2024 with 268 nursing students in the College of Nursing at the University of Hail using aself-structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using t-test, one-way analysis of variance, Pearson's correlation, and multiple stepwise regression. The mean score of nursing students on the HPLP-II scale was 2.60 ± 0.47 overall, with the spiritual growth subscale scoring the highest (3.05 ± 056) and physical activity scoring the lowest (2.25 ± 0.75). More than a quarter of the students were classified into the borderline range for anxiety (28.4%) and depression (26.9%). In comparison, 19.4% and 16% of the students experienced anxiety and depression, respectively. There were significant weak negative correlations between the HPBs and anxiety (r = -0.396; p <0.001) and between social support and anxiety (r = -0.335; p <0.001). Likewise, there were significant weak negative correlations between HPBs and depression (r = -0.343; p <0.001) and between social support and depression (r = -0.313; p <0.001). In contrast, significant weak positive correlations were observed between HPBs and social support (r = 0.354; p <0.001) and between anxiety and depression (r = 0.380; p <0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis of factors affecting HPBs, anxiety, depression, and social support showed that the model was significant for all (p = 0.026, p = 0.005, p <0.001, p = 0.003, respectively). Although students reported a satisfactory level of HPBs, especially for spiritual growth and social relations, nutrition and physical activity require attention. The presence of anxiety and depression affected asubstantial proportion of the students, especially those from lower socioeconomic status, and studying in the early years of the study. Family income, occupation, and education level have been reported to have a significant impact on health outcomes.

Examining Roma Primary School Students' Expectations From School

Objective: The aim of this study is to reveal what the expectations of Roma primary school students residing in Doğanlar Neighborhood in Konya are from school. Theoretical Framework: The basis of this research is the expectations of Roma students from school. There are not many studies on Roma students in the literature. This research is important in terms of revealing the expectations of Roma students from school in Turkey and it is thought to contribute to the literature. Method: In accordance with the purpose and subject of this research, the case study design was preferred among the qualitative research designs. In this design, one or more situations are investigated in detail. Case study allows the researcher to examine the events in depth (Yıldırım and Şimşek, 2013). Results and Discussion: • Roma students look up to bad role models in their families and surroundings and have low expectations from school, Roma students are excluded by some of their friends and teachers at school, and they have expectations of being accepted and adopted, The low level of education of Roma families means that education and school do not mean anything to them, and for this reason, Roma primary school students' hopes for school are broken and their expectations from school are negatively affected. Girls are made to work in housework and are married off at an early age for various reasons, while boys are made to work to contribute to the family's budget and are married off at an early age, which negatively affects their school prospects. It has also been concluded that Roma people have concerns about employment, and that Roma students have no expectations from the future and have no expectations from school, considering the bad examples around them. Research Implications: The practical and theoretical implications of this research are discussed, providing insights into how the results can be applied or influence practices in the field of [insert field of study]. These implications could encompass [list impacted areas or sectors]. Originality/Value: This study is completely original as it has not been done before. Examining the expectations of Roma students from school will contribute to the literature and the field of educational sciences.

Green for us: parental compensation for children's unsustainable behaviors.

This study explores the impact of children's unsustainable behaviors on parental sustainable actions within family dynamics. Findings reveal that parents exposed to their children's unsustainable behaviors experience heightened family and environmental responsibility, which motivates them to engage in both private-domain and public-domain sustainable behaviors. These effects are amplified in intergenerational caregiving contexts, where parents compensate for reduced caregiving roles by adopting more sustainable practices. Through four experiments, the research validates the mediating roles of family and environmental responsibility and the moderating influence of caregiver type. This study extends existing theories on intergenerational behavior transmission by highlighting the influence of children's unsustainable behaviors, offering valuable insights for family education strategies and policy development aimed at fostering sustainability within households.