Development Of Economic System Research Articles

ECONOMY DIGITALIZATION AS A DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION TOOL OF UKRAINE

The article explores technologies as one of the significant components of our daily life. The concept of digital is seen not only as a trade via the Internet, but also as a factor of increasing the investment climate, as a new quality of the economy or a separate sector of the economy, and is the result of the fourth stage of globalization - transformation. Which consists in fundamental change of the structure of world economy based on its global virtualization. It is determined that digitalization is a radical transformation, which is expressed in the deep penetration of technologies into the economy, business processes, their optimization, increasing productivity and improving communication with consumers. It is noted that with the extand of the degree of environment variability the role of digitalization as a global phenomenon accelerates significantly, which becomes one of the leading factors in the development of the world economy, as far as the competitiveness of some countries is determined by implementation level of innovative technologies. The indicators of global indices of economy development for Ukraine are considered, the global rating of Ukraine by the level of innovations is determined.It is noted that an important component of the formation of the information society in Ukraine is the feasibility of using modern information and communication technologies (ICT). Based on the results of the analysis the author reveals index of countries included in the rating, which is calculated by 7 indicators with different weighting coefficients. A comparative analysis of data on the use of computers and computer networks and access to the Internet in Ukraine is carried out. Computer technologies are singled out as a priority direction of innovative development of production and economic systems of different levels and a tool of competitive advantages over the longer term.

FOREIGN CURRENCY REFINANCING AS A NEW ELEMENT OF STIMULATING THE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF TRANSITION ECONOMIES

Transition economies require finding and implementing new elements to stimulate their development, especially with regard to the economic systems of the former Soviet countries (Ukraine and Belarus). Under these conditions, it is important to use the experience of other transition economies, which includes the use of foreign currency refinancing. Purpose. Substantiation of the introduction of foreign currency refinancing as a new element of stimulating the economic development of transition economies through assessment of the development of the mentioned economies in Belarus and Ukraine. Design/methodology/approach. The study employed a quantitative analysis of statistical data to assess the development of transit economies in Ukraine and Belarus over the 21-year period. Correlation and regression analysis was also involved to identify key areas of impact of foreign currency refinancing on transitive economic systems. In this case, it was proposed to use five regression functions (linear; exponential; polynomial; logarithmic; power). It was separately proposed to determine the correlation ratio between the key areas of impact of foreign currency refinancing on the transition economy and the volume of foreign exchange refinancing using three methods: the determination factor; checking the correlation coefficient on the Chaddock’s scale; comparison of the correlation coefficient with the critical correlation coefficient. Findings. The article analyses the development of the transition economies of Ukraine and Belarus over the 21-year period (from 1999 to 2019) and emphasises that since 2008 the development of economic systems of the countries selected for the study has almost stopped despite activities (tools) used to stimulate the growth of national economies. The authors prove the importance of finding and using new elements to stimulate the economic development of the economies of Belarus and Ukraine. The use of foreign currency refinancing as a new element of stimulating the development of economic systems of Ukraine and Belarus is justified. The mechanism, beneficial and negative impacts of the use of foreign currency refinancing for transition economies selected for the study are identified. The key areas of influence of foreign currency refinancing on the economic systems of Belarus and Ukraine are identified, where the size of lending; revenues of budgets of different levels, business entities, households are the main ones. At the same time, the authors managed to refute the possibility of a significant negative impact of currency refinancing on the growth of the monetary base, inflation and devaluation processes in the countries selected for the study. Practical implications: the conducted research is important for ensuring the long-term development of transition economies, primarily in Ukraine and Belarus. Originality/value: the study will allow to identify key areas of impact of foreign currency refinancing on transitive economic systems, and revealing its beneficial and negative impacts for economies of this type on the example of Ukraine and Belarus.

Creative Economy: A Literature Review on Relational Dimensions, Challanges, and Policy Implications

Abstract In the development of the global economic system, the cumulative knowledge from past to present is of great importance. This knowledge produced by social life offers creative individuals and groups an opportunity to produce new meanings, values, contents and a source of inspiration. The influence of creative sectors in the urban life and socio-economic climate built by the industrial society created by the industrial revolution has started to increase in recent years. In the current industrial economic organization style, together with entrepreneurship, the creativity based on knowledge and technology have been added nowadays, to the land, labor and capital required for production. However, worldwide studies focus on the beneficial aspects of creative economies. There are not many studies in the literature on the past and future problems and development of the creative sector from a long-term historical perspective. In this context, it is necessary to reveal the relational ties of creative sectors with other fields; how they are positioned in national economies and how they will be analyzed. In this framework, the study aims to determine the position of the creative economy in the general economy by using the studies in the literature, to reveal the relational ties of the creative sectors with other actors, to identify the challenges in the sector, and to reveal the policy implications in creative industries. As a result of the study, it has been observed that the creative sectors are nested cellularly in all sectors of the general economy, from tourism to the automotive sector, from urban life to social networks, due to the internet, information communication technologies and digital applications. Since the outputs of the creative economy are based on the intellectual property rather than physical products, it has been determined that problems arise in the financing, accounting of services and contents introduced in this field, and measurement of the products at international standards. In addition, it has been observed that the time perception in creative sectors and the time perception of the industrial economic system differ from each other. Another important finding obtained as a result of the research is that creative economies create class differences in urban spaces and cause social segregation.

Transformation of global economic systems as a conseguence of the pandemic COVID-19

The article reveals the features of the transformation of global economic systems caused by the coronavirus pandemic. The nature, namely, transformational changes, the basic characteristic of which is the acquisition of new properties and manifestations, has been substantiated. Separately, attention is focused on the fact that transformational changes will be of a long-term nature, which will be observed even after overcoming the coronavirus pandemic. The relevance of this direction seems to be very high, since changes in the global economic world will be extremely signifi cant. The article also identifi es some areas of transformational changes (regionalism, new content of economic systems, their restructuring, the emergence of online solutions, etc.). Separately, the work analyzes the consequences of transformation in a number of signifi cant global economic systems: global fi nance, tourism, transport, entertainment industry, food markets, migration fl ows, etc. In addition, the need to search for new content in the functioning and development of international economic associations is indicated. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the directions and consequences of the transformation of global economic systems. The research tasks are reduced to substantiating the content of global economic systems; identifying areas of general transformational changes in the world economy; the designation of the directions and consequences of the transformation of certain global industries, markets, economic processes. Research subject: global economic relations. Research object: global economic systems. Research methods: systems approach, statistical method, modeling method. Research results. The main types of global economic systems are formulated; the directions of transformation of global economic systems are revealed; the global economic systems in which the transformational changes have occurred most clearly and signifi cantly; formulated possible contours of the functioning and development of global economic systems after the end of the coronavirus epidemic; directions that require special attention in the development of the global economy are proposed.

MODELS AND ALGORITHMS OF THE CONSISTENT FINANCIAL DISTRIBUTION IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF PROJECTS OF THE ASSOCIATION OF BUSINESS ENTITIES

A characteristic feature of the development of modern economic systems is active association, inte-gration of enterprises into larger economic entities. A distinctive feature of such associations is the multidirectional interests of its members. The development of innovative mechanisms for financial management of an integrated structure, allowing to take into account the conflic¬ting interests of the enterprises of the association, is an urgent task. Aim. To develop mathematical models and algo-rithms to improve the efficiency of financial management of the association of business entities by forming an optimal package of projects and coordinated distribution of profits from its implemen-tation between enterprises. Materials and methods. The proposed approach is based on the use of systems analysis methods, optimization methods, decision theory and game theory. The paper dis-cusses the mechanism for the coordinated distribution of funds of the enterprises of the association in the implementation of projects, which consists of two enlarged stages. At the first stage, an optimal package of merger projects is formed. Each enterprise of the association offers its own variants of projects, from which a package of projects is formed. The constructed model of the formation of a package of projects that ensures the amalgamation of obtaining the greatest profit is a knapsack problem and is solved by the branch and bound method. At the second stage, the distri-bution of profits from the implementation of projects between the enterprises of the association is carried out. To find the distribution of profits, ensuring the coordination of the economic interests of the enterprises of the association, it is proposed to use the methods and principles of the theory of cooperative games. The paper shows that the described problem can be formally represented as a game in the form of a characteristic function. It is proposed to choose a certain element of the C-core as an agreed profit distribution. The formation of this element is carried out on the basis of an optimization model, the function of the goal and the system of restrictions of which takes into ac-count quantitative indicators of the activity of enterprises' participation in the implementation of merger projects. Results. A mechanism has been developed for the coordinated distribution of fi-nancial resources of the enterprises of the association during the implementation of projects, based on mathematical models and methods. A feature of the mechanism is the application of the game principle when distributing the profit of projects. Practical calculations are carried out to substantiate the advantages of the presented approach in comparison with the known methods. Conclusion. The coordinated distribution of finances proposed in the work reasonably ensures the benefit of each en-terprise from the joint implementation of projects and stimulates the management of enterprises to search for highly effective projects.

Problems in Developing a Comprehensive Toolkit for Macro-economic, Inter-regional, Inter-sectoral Analysis and Forecasting

The study reviews approaches to macro-economic and macro-territorial modelling presented in international and Russian economic publications. We focus on opportunities to improve forecasting the development of economic system in Russia at the macro-economic, inter-sectoral and inter-regional levels. We described dynamic macro-economic, inter-sectoral and inter- regional models developed in the Institute of Economics and Industrial Engineering of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IEIE SB RAS). We analyse more in details three complex models proposed in IEIE SB RAS: CAISI (comprehensive analysis of inter-sectoral information), SRNES (synthesis of regional and national economic systems) and CSNES (coordination of sectoral and national economic solutions). We consider theoretical foundations of the complex models and their application in analysing and forecasting economic system development at various levels. The three complex models are based on different basic models that influence their development. IEIE SB RAS has been developing a two-level system of forecasting models, which combines advantages of dynamic stochastic general equilibrium models and dynamic input-output models applied in the CAISI system. The paper describes theoretical foundations of the SRNES system, whose latest versions are premised on the general equilibrium and cooperative games theories. Then, we characterised the most developed elements of the complex model CSNES, which has the CSNES-TEK subsystem used in forecasting developments in the fuel and energy industry of Russia’s territories and SIBARP (balance calculation system for the future). The conclusion outlines directions for further research on improving the methods of macro-economic, inter-regional, and inter-sectoral forecasting based on harmonisation of analytical and forecast calculations performed using the CAISI, SRNES and CSNES systems. The results of forecast calculations using the two-level system of macro-level models can be applied in the complex models SRNES and CSNES to ensure coordination between the forecasts of socio-economic development of the Asian part of Russia and projected dynamics of macro-indicators.

Desenvolvimento Local: Quo Vadis?

Este texto analisa o desenvolvimento local em duas vertentes: a primeira numa concepção convencional; e a segunda na concepção avançada. A convencional analisa o desenvolvimento do sistema econômico em escala localizada. Na avançada, o desenvolvimento local é compreendido de forma holística, ou seja, o ser humano é visto como agente transformador na sua própria localidade, tendo como elementos: a participação, a solidariedade, a cooperação e o pertencimento de toda sua evolução histórica e cultural do seu território. Para tanto, utilizou-se de caráter reflexivo teórico-conceitual, fundamentado em uma revisão analítica da literatura. A convencional apresenta a teoria do desenvolvimento do sistema produtivo pautado no aumento da riqueza, bens e serviços. Por outro lado, na avançada o crescimento econômico é apenas coadjuvante para reduzir as privações dos bens materiais. A direção do desenvolvimento local está indo mais na concepção convencional, mas a concepção avançada está ganhando espaço na discussão, sobretudo nas regiões menos desenvolvidas.

Analysis of the effect of coronavirus (covid-19) on the development of the world economic system

The article provides a comprehensive analysis of the impact of the coronavirus COVID-19 on the global economic system. In particular, the authors analyze the onset of a pandemic and the characteristics of the new coronavirus. The conclusions about the unpreparedness of the world community for global threats caused by the outbreak of the disease are supported by the World Bank's arguments about the unpreparedness of countries for catastrophic epidemics. The authors combined the main threats identified by the World Bank into a single system. COVID-19 has had a significant impact on global stock markets. With the increase in the number of people infected with coronavirus, the tension among investors also grew. By the end of February this year, a crash occurred in the US stock markets, the authors attribute it to an underestimation of the spread of the virus, and as a result, this led to the breakdown of many trading chains and the lack of certainty and stability. The article also analyzes the impact of coronavirus on the economy of key countries of the world. It also examined the economic mechanisms used by these countries to mitigate the effects of COVID-19 and support the economy. In conclusion, key conclusions were drawn about the impact and consequences of COVID-19 on national economies and the global system.

Vulnerability assessment of marine economic system based on comprehensive index and catastrophe progression model

ABSTRACT The sustainable development of the marine economic system to accurately grasp the dynamic evolution characteristics and main driving factors of the vulnerability of the marine economic system so as to effectively identify the problems in the operation of the marine economy is extremely important. Based on the establishment of a three-level assessment index system for the vulnerability of the marine economic system, the vulnerability of the marine economic system of Jiangsu Province in 2008–2016 was evaluated by using the comprehensive index model and the catastrophe progression model, and the results were compared based on the unified evaluation criteria. The main influencing factors were analyzed by principal component analysis and Pearson correlation analysis. It’s found that 2014, 2015, and 2012 are in a general state, 2009 and 2010 are in a poor state, and the vulnerability state from 2008 to 2011 is lower than that in 2012. The overall volatility is small indicating a stable system. Among them, the scale of marine industry and profit and loss of marine resources are the main components of marine economic system vulnerability having the highest correlation with the vulnerability of marine economic system. This study enriches the theoretical method and empirical research on the vulnerability of the marine economic system and has practical significance in allowing for timely targeted control measures to affect the vulnerability of the marine economic system.

Construction of Marine Economic Forecast Management System Based on Artificial Intelligence

Liu, Y., 2020. Construction of marine economic forecast management system based on artificial intelligence. In: Li, L. and Huang, X. (eds.), Sustainable Development in Coastal Regions: A Perspective of Environment, Economy, and Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 112, pp. 228-230. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.Data is an important content in the process of economic development. In an environment where the types and quantities of data are increasing, if you want to do a good job in economic forecasting and financial analysis, you must scientifically apply big data technology and understand the current development through big data Trends and grasp the direction of market development. The marine economic forecast management system occupies an important position in the economic market development. If you want to better promote economic development, you must combine the current development form to realize the effective application of big data technology and complete economic forecasting and financial analysis on this basis. Helping the marine economic forecast management system to find development rules and clues is of great significance to the future development of the marine economic forecast management system. Big data technology has the characteristics of complexity, relevance and integrity. In practical applications, it can analyze multiple aspects of data. Each economic activity and behavior can be displayed through data information, without a single emphasis. When conducting big data analysis, it is necessary to combine industry development needs, scientifically select data algorithms and link different types of data information on this basis.

METHODOLOGICAL FEATURES OF THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC SYSTEMS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT CONCEPT

The problem of the identification of the socio-economic systems sustainable development management methodological features under the modern global challenges has been actualized. The evolution of scientific views on the factors and driving forces of economic systems development has been analyzed and it has been highlighted among them those that are methodologically relevant for solving the problem. It has been argued that these are the competition theory, the constraints theory, institutional theory and the concept of stakeholders. Taking into account the methodological approaches of these theories, the author’s definition of the "socio-economic system" has been formed. In the light of the sustainable development priorities, the structural properties of the socio-economic system as an object of management has been reflected. It has been noted that such structuring can form a methodological basis for managing the structural balance of socio-economic systems sustainable development. The author’s definition of the essence and purposes of such management has been given.

Methodological basis of simulation and cognitive modelling technology of socio-economic systems

The results of the study are presented in the article, the purpose of which is to provide a methodology for modeling studies and forecasting the development of social and economic systems (SES) based on fuzzy hierarchical cognitive approach. The task of developing methods of SES formalization is being solved. Basic methods: system analysis, hierarchical multilevel system theory, control and decision-making theory, graph theory, fuzzy set and fuzzy logic theory, simulation modeling. The subject of the study is a generalized model of the socio-economic system. The paper describes the theoretical foundations of the original simulation-cognitive modeling technology developed to model socio-economic systems. The technology combines crisp and fuzzy cognitive models. The theoretical-multiple metamodel of the complex system under study is disclosed, the identification model of which is based on the metamatrix developed by the author. There is presented an integrated diagram of the methodology of application simulation-cognitive methodologies of SES, its stages are indicated. The practical application of the methodology will make it possible to develop science-based management solutions to ensure the safe and sustainable development of SES and to take into account the human risk factor.

Analyzing Land-Use Change Scenarios for Ecosystem Services and their Trade-Offs in the Ecological Conservation Area in Beijing, China.

It is generally believed that land-use changes can affect a variety of ecosystem services (ES), but the relationships involved remain unclear due to a lack of systematic knowledge and gaps in data. In order to make rational decisions for land-use planning that is grounded in a systematic understanding of trade-offs between different land-use strategies, it is very important to understand the response mechanisms of various ecosystem services to changes in land-use. Therefore, the objective of our study is to assess the effects of land-use change on six ecosystem services and their trade-offs among the ecosystem services in the ecological conservation area (ECA) in Beijing, China. To do this, we projected future land-use in 2030 under three different scenarios: Business as Usual (BAU), Ecological Protection (ELP), and Rapid Urban Development (RUD), using GeoSOS-FLUS model. Then, we quantified six ecosystem services (carbon storage, soil conservation, water purification, habitat quality, flood regulation, and food production) in response to land-use changes from 2015 to 2030, using a spatially explicit InVEST model. Finally, we illustrated the trade-offs and/or synergistic relationships between each ecosystem service quantified under each of the different scenarios in 2030. Results showed that built-up land is projected to increase by 281.18 km2 at the cost of water bodies and cultivated land from 2015 to 2030 under the RUD scenario, while forest land is projected to increase by 152.38 km2 under the ELP scenario. The carbon storage, soil conservation, habitat quality, and the sum of ecosystem services (SES) would enrich the highest level under the ELP scenario. Land-use strategies that follow the ELP scenario can better maintain the ecosystem services and sustainable development of natural and social economic systems.

Is a sustainable future possible?

The article presents the issues of transition to a sustainable balanced development of economic systems, taking into account the minimization of environmental losses. A thesis on the internal contradictions of modern economic models is proposed. Problems and negative consequences of the introduction of new technologies are noted. The problems of the interaction of economics and ecology are analyzed. The main obstacles to the transition to sustainable development and a green economy are identified.

Management of an organization in a difficult economic environment based on an information system

The article provides a definition and describes the stages of implementation of integrated management, which is a further development of classical management, focused on ensuring the stable development of economic systems in the face of anomalous economic situations (pre-crisis, crisis, post-crisis). It is shown that anomalous economic situations lead to complication and expansion of the management subsystem functionality towards solving difficult formalized and poorly structured management tasks. Their solution presupposes the availability of appropriate information support integrated into the intellectual information system of decision support of integrated management, including methodological, program, technical, organizational support and personnel involved in the framework of integrated management. A description is given of the composition and structure of the management system implementing the integrated management, as well as the corresponding intellectual information system.

Стратегічні напрями модернізації механізму управління економікою регіонів

Introduction. The article highlights the necessity to develop the main strategic directions of modernization of the mechanism for managing the regional economy. The mechanism aims to provide the relevant evaluation of the social and economic policy efficiency at the local and national levels, as well as the efficiency of the development and implementation of the regional economic tools. The author emphasizes the necessity to not only improve, but also differentiate the mechanism to manage the regional economy in order to differentiate the social and economic development. Considering constantly changing market conditions, the article determines the necessity to review the functions of regional social and economic systems within the system of the economic environment functioning, where the decisions of their stable development take place. Purpose. The purpose of the article is to determine the main strategic directions of modernization of the mechanism for managing the regional economy and the main issues of the managerial regional economic system improvement. Results. The main strategic directions of modernization of the mechanism to manage the regional economy have been researched. The main issues of the managerial regional economic system improvement have been determined. Taking into account the structured process approach, the mechanism for managing the regional economy has been developed. The development of the managerial regional economic system during the USSR period has been assessed, the main issues have been determined. The main factors to transform the regional economic mechanism in current reality have been studied. The enlarged scheme to assess the efficiency of social and economic regional development has been designed. The research findings reveal that the development of key parameters of modernization of the managerial mechanism based on the differentiation approach is important in conditions of independent functioning of territories and their decentralization. Conclusions. The author concludes that the improvement of the managerial regional economic system in conditions of their independence considers its permanent monitoring of the efficiency to manage the development of social and economic regions. The choice of differentiated managerial mechanism relevant for the regional development should be based on the data provided by the monitoring. Such approach will allow to decrease in the differentiation level and foster the increase in responsibility of regional authorities related to functioning of the territories managed.

Strategy formation development approaches of the regional scientific and educational cluster in the context of spatial development of territories

To ensure sustainable socio-economic development of the regions, it is necessary to select the main priorities when forming a strategy for the development and successful functioning of economic systems. In this regard, it is important to search for new sources of innovative development, which can be achieved by forming various forms of cluster integration at the level of the Federation subjects, ensuring interaction between educational institutions, business structures, as well as state structures engaged in research and development activities located on the same territory. For effective functioning of the cluster, it is necessary to form a mutual interest of all interested participants. This makes it possible to effectively use organizational opportunities for the development of territories and form a strategy for their development. The article considers approaches to developing a strategy for the formation of a regional scientific and educational cluster as a new form of spatial organization of the economy at the regional level, which consists in taking into account the strategic directions of development of the region and its territories based on the principles of system and process interaction. The role of cluster integration of science and education institutions in solving strategic tasks of socio-economic development of regions has been shown. The relationship between the strategic direction of development of regional scientific and educational cluster structures and the priorities of regional strategic development has been clarified and revealed. The sequence of formation of the strategy of the regional scientific and educational cluster, including analytical, functional-content and evaluation stages, has been established. The University complex, which is the “core” of creating a scientific and educational cluster in a regional economy, can be considered as the most promising form of optimizing the activities and development of higher educational institution. In this regard, this task becomes particularly relevant in the implementation of the concept of integration of the triad of production (business), science and education. The main elements of the management system for the strategic development of a regional scientific and educational cluster containing components of a content and tool subsystem have been proposed.

Management methodology: ontology, structure, content

There is an urgent need to determine the composition and relationship of attributes that determine the content of management science. Scientific literature and empirical research carried out by the authors in recent years have allowed us to consider the structure and interaction of management processes and objects in social and economic environments. The article presents author’s definition of the methodology, which links the doctrine of thinking and activity management based on interacting attributes. It has been shown that the methodology accumulates and offers a set of tools for solving problems and problems in any field of knowledge, including in the field of management. Five groups of methodological tools have been characterized: guiding, creating, transforming, meaningful and evaluative, which have their purpose and content in the context of specific conditions for the study, construction and evaluation of the activities of various areas of functioning and development of economic systems of the “organization” type. The ontology of management science has been shown, which presents the main attributes of all sections of management science: theory, methodology, technology, and management practices. Understanding the content of management methodology attributes will allow you to actively influence the quality and efficiency of management processes and objects in social and economic environments. The study of generalization of experience in solving practical problems allowed us to propose an approach to the formation of sections of management science, the content of these sections, as well as the justification of their place in management for the activities of various types of systems in the social and economic space. The research has theoretical and practical value for managers and teachers, including in the field of management consulting, for effective management of processes and objects in the social and economic environment of our country.

Scenario planning for the development of spatial economic and social systems: Methodological approaches

Subject. This article reviews and systematizes methodological approaches to generate scenarios and develop a scenario planning algorithm in relation to spatial socio-economic systems. Objectives. The article aims to analyze and classify scenarios and algorithms of scenario planning, as well as choose and justify an approach to scenario planning of the development of spatial socio-economic systems. Methods. For the study, I used the methods of analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, comparison, and classification. Results. The article clarifies the definitions of Scenario and Scenario Planning and categorizes scenarios according to different criteria. It reveals the gap between the theory and practice of scenario planning in Russian regions. The article also offers certain recommendations on the use of scenarios in regional planning. Conclusions. The article concludes that the hybrid approach in scenario planning of the development of spatial socio-economic systems (countries, regions, cities, municipalities) is more preferable than the exploratory or normative ones.

ЕВОЛЮЦІЯ ЕКОНОМІЧНОГО ЗМІСТУ ІННОВАЦІЙ ТА ЙОГО СПЕЦИФІКА НА СУЧАСНОМУ ЕТАПІ СОЦІАЛЬНО-ЕКОНОМІЧНИХ ВІДНОСИН

Новітня доба глобальних соціально-економічних трансформацій перетворила мобільність у фактично єдину стійку характеристику розвитку бізнес-діяльності. Сучасні прояви мобільності сучасного господарського процесу передбачають швидку реакцію на мінливість умов кон’юнктури національного та світового ринків, розбудову формального та неформального інституціонального середовища, асиметрію інформації, розвиток глобальної господарської системи і т.п. Динамічність сучасних умов розвитку зумовлює необхідність формування та розбудови інноваційно-інвестиційної моделі розвитку, як найуспішнішої і найперспективнішої. 
 Інноваційний процес передбачає декілька суттєвих етапів від виявлення інноваційного попиту до поширення освоєної інновації і її комерціалізації.
 Економічний зміст інноваційних процесів цікавив науковців практично з виникнення економічної теорії, але як предмет спеціального наукового осмислення інновації стали у ХХ ст.
 У статті досліджено особливості еволюції поглядів вітчизняних та зарубіжних вчених щодо трактування поняття «інновації» та розвитку інноваційної парадигми. Вчені різних періодів надавали різного змісту інноваціям: по-перше, розглядали як результат НТП, інноваційної діяльності та практичного / технічного використання новацій; по-друге: як цільові зміни у функціонуванні підприємства та якісні зміни усіх елементів суспільного виробництва; по-третє: як систему або комплекс заходів щодо впровадження нової техніки, технології і т.п.; по-четверте: як процес створення та практичного використання новацій та відтворення економічного елемента через нову ідею, винахід чи процес; по-п’яте: як комерційне рішення чи продукт інноваційної діяльності.
 У статті обґрунтовано прямий вплив розвитку інноваційних процесів на рівень конкурентоспроможності, а також запропоновано комплексне трактування дефініції «інновації» зважаючи на особливості сучасних соціально-економічних трансформацій: акцентована увага на необхідності постійних інвестицій та оптимальної інноваційно-управлінської інфраструктури на мікро-, макро-, мезо- та мегарівнях.