Development Of Economic System Research Articles

STRATEGIC DIRECTIONS OF TAX REGULATION OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN THE CONDITIONS OF REFORMS

Topicality. In the current reforms of the national economy, there is a need to solve scientific problem of system substantiation and institutional consolidation of strategic directions of stimulating of the productivity increase of economic activity in the country with the use of such effective regulators as taxes. The topicality of the issue is caused by changes in the field of taxation, administration and management of mesolevel territorial economic subsystems, by significant structural changes in the sectors of the national economy management and by the search for effective niches for smart specialization. Tax regulation of economic development is one of the most effective mechanisms of modifying the impact on the state, dynamics, structure and most qualitative indicators of the national economic system. But for the effective application of the tools of tax regulation of economic development in the context of reforms in Ukraine it is necessary to substantiate the general scientific and institutional principles for improving the use of taxes as regulators of gradual growth and of business productivity with simultaneous reduce of unproductive tax losses from non-targeted tax benefits and allowances. Aim and tasks.. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the theoretical, conceptual and institutional provisions for improving the efficiency of tax regulation of economic development of the national economic system in the context of increasing business productivity and promoting the welfare of society under the influence of modern reforms. Research results. The interrelation between tax instruments and strategic tasks of economic development of territories in the conditions of reforms is proved. The strategic directions of tax regulation of economic development in Ukraine in modern conditions are determined. The main components of the system of institutional support for the implementation of tax regulation, which determines the strategic directions of stimulating the development of the national economy. Based on the analysis of the structure of local budget revenues in Ukraine in recent years, the importance of the personal income tax for the development of local communities in the context of reform has been proved. The application of regulatory procedures with the use of personal income tax is proposed, despite the fact that this tax is not a local tax, but its importance for the development of local communities in the current conditions of local government reform is crucial. The essence of direct and indirect methods of tax regulation of economic development of territorial communities in the context of increasing of their functioning productivity is revealed. It is proposed to use compensation and organizational mechanisms, as well as the mechanism of practical implementation of this measure as measures to improve the institutional foundations of tax regulation of economic development in the context of reforms. Their essence and sphere of influence of efficiency of their actions are revealed. To implement the strategic direction of reducing tax losses and inefficient benefits, to increase the investment and innovation orientation of tax benefits, to substantiate the use of taxes as investment stimulants it is proved the need for targeted tax benefits use, which provide discounts for investment orientation, and in those cases, for such purposes provide special conditions for reinvestments of profit in the economic turnover of domestic enterprises that are to be exempted from general taxation. Conclusions. The strategic directions of tax regulation of economic development of the territories of Ukraine in the conditions of reforms are defined in this article and should be taken into account in order to increase business productivity and promote welfare of society under the influence of modern reforms. Thus, as the study showed, scientific and methodological recommendations for improving of the institutional framework of tax regulation of economic development in Ukraine in the context of reforms are still under development and formation, especially for tax incentives for the production of goods and services with high added value.

Досвід Японії: системний аналіз та моделювання міжгалузевих зв’язків

The scheme of analysis and modelling inter-industry relations used by the Government of Japan in the planning and maintenance of economic proportions is considered. A scheme of the circulation of the Japanese economy has been prepared, coming out of the Input-Output table for 2015. On the basis of the input-output table of Japan (2015) it was prepared aggregated input-output tables of Japanese economy dimensions of 13 types of economic activity and 3 consolidated activities (primary, secondary, tertiary sectors). The Input-Output tables are prepared in a competitive-import version, which is the most common in Japan. On the basis of aggregated Input-Output Tables, the analysis of the development of sectors of Japan's economy during 1990-2015 was conducted. The classification of industries on the core ones, with direct influence as well as with inverse influence, etc. was carried out. Structural changes in GDP at final costs, production method and income categories are analyzed. A visual assessment of the volatility of the GDP structure was carried out. The factors of added value, import, impact are analyzed. The necessity of using aggregated input-output models to assess reproduction proportions, the state of the production system and its efficiency is substantiated. A promising direction of research and practical use is the use of the research schemes for studying and modelling the economy of Ukraine, for scientific and educational purposes, preparation of a competitive-import version of the input-output tables of Ukraine of different degrees of aggregation, conducting comparative researches of the development of economic systems, etc.

Mengurai Permasalahan Pengembangan Koperasi Syariah di Lombok

Sharia cooperative has become an alternative to restoring the economic conditions in Lombok, particularly for providing the capital to the small entrepreneurs. The massive development of the Sharia economic sector has led NTB provincial government to intensify the development of sharia economic system through sharia cooperatives. Despite the massive support from the local government, Sharia Cooperative still has several problems, both internally and externally. This article aims to identify the dominant factors that obstruct the development of Sharia cooperative in Lombok, by using the Analytic Network Process (ANP) method approach. The results shows that the main problem is the unqualified human resources as indicated by the level of suitability or agreement between the respondents based on the Kendall coefficient, Kendall coefficient (W) on the priority aspects of the problem for respondents consisting of regulators, root and academics, relatively on high number , around W = 0.725. This data shows that the regulators, the practitioners, and the academics on the same position regarding the main problem that impede developing Islamic cooperatives in Lombok.

THE IMPACT OF INTER-MUNICIPAL COOPERATION OF TERRITORIAL COMMUNITIES ON LOCAL SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

The article confirms that inter-municipal cooperation is a factor influencing the determinants of sustainable local development. The relationship between the number of communities that have concluded agreements on inter-municipal cooperation and a set of indicators of the indicators of sustainable development of territorial communities is formalized based on the use of the correlation-regression analysis toolkit using the STATA software package. There is a positive impact of increasing the number of communities that have concluded agreements on inter-municipal cooperation on the indicators of the economic component of sustainable development: gross regional product, agricultural output, exports of goods per capita; on the environmental component of sustainable development: reducing the growth rate of pollutant emissions from stationary sources of pollution and reducing the amount of fuel and energy resources consumed in the region. Regarding the indicators of the social component of sustainable development, there is a positive impact on the regional human development index, the share of graduates of secondary schools who received 160 points and above according to the results of external independent evaluation of Ukrainian language and literature, the planned capacity of outpatient clinics, average life expectancy at birth and reduction of а number of criminal offenses committed against human life and health. Dissemination of inter-municipal cooperation is a promising area for the development of territorial economic systems. It is not only an alternative to the consolidation of communities but also an effective means of ensuring the economic viability of communities in the context of decentralization. Today, inter-municipal cooperation of territorial communities in Ukraine is one of the important directions of local self-government reform.

Environmental Challenges in Regions: Analysis and Measures to Reduce Potential Risks

The environmental deterioration in Russia requires the identification and analysis of the main challenges facing the country and its individual regions in this sphere. Additionally, it is necessary to find ways to overcome these problems. Th e issu e is particularly relevant for resource regions where new economic activities develop. the Lower Angara region in Krasnoyarsk krai is one of such regions. The study considers the environmental problems in connection with the socio-economic conditions of a particular territory. I used the method of economic and mathematical modelling based on the author’s models for optimising environmental protection measures. The research combines the obtained results to built a comprehensive model of the future ecological situation that may develop in the region. The analysis discovered various causes of environmental challenges. The first reason is planning exxessive output at individual facilities. In particular, calculations have shown that in the conditions of the Lower Angara region, the unit capacity of the pulp and paper industry should not exceed 300–350 thousand tonnes (instead of the planned 720 thousand tonnes); the capacity of the aluminum plant should not exceed 200–250 thousand tonnes (instead of 600 thousand tonnes). Second, an excessive concentration of production in certain areas (primarily, in Boguchansky and Kodinsky industrial hubs) increases the environmental burden. Third, pollution control is complicated by unique production capacities of various facilities that require special purification systems. The fourth reason is the effects of synergism and additivity of contaminants. The fifth cause is the actual and potential negative consequences of the construction of hydropower plants on the Angara and Yenisei rivers. The results of this research can be used for creating a strategy for the integrated development of territorial economic systems to organise environmental protection activities and substantiate management decisions at the regional and local levels of governance.

Paradigm change: from economic growth to sustainable value creation

The dynamics of the development of economic systems is characterized by the evolution of institutions, of the resources used, of the applied technologies, of the relations between the subjects of the economic activity and other associated transformations. The current period is characterized by a series of changes that affect all components of the global economic system: digital transformation, climate change, systemic crises of state administrations, economic crises, global pandemic, etc. It is clear that these changes will shape a new economic system. The current task of the main actors in this process is to assign to this new system a series of characteristics that will not be random, but controllable, desired and accepted by all stakeholders

The influence of endogenous innovative sources on the development of exports of industrial enterprises

This paper presents an in-depth analysis of the essence of economic system development, giving the understanding of the difference between the categories of social and human capital. The authors of the paper describe the composition of the structure of social capital by using the method of analysis of hierarchies basing on the example of JSC «Kyivmedpreparat» and assessing the impact of elements of social capital in the context of export activities of the enterprise. The application of this methodology provides an opportunity to ensure the effective use of social capital as a resource and an endogenous innovative source of export activities of the enterprise, and increase the level of competitiveness of the enterprise in foreign markets. The developed methodological recommendations will be useful to experts in estimating the cost of export activities and forming a strategy for enterprise development.

FISCAL STIMULATION OF SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT: THE EU COUNTRIES’ CASES

Abstract. The objective of this article is to form the basis for strengthening the fiscal stimulus spatial development of regional economic systems in the context of decentralization. The methods of research: dialectical, synthesis, analysis, generalizations and monographic, abstraction and generalizations. Results. The authors consider the «fiscal space» as a certain economic spatial formation, formed by elements of the regional economic system, which are involved in the construction of budget components and management of financial flows. The positive impact of the fiscal policy’s implementation in the context of decentralization is highlighted, as well as a certain imbalance of certain areas that provoke the search for ways of fiscal policy objectives intra-regional coordination. Summarizing the experience of European countries on fiscal stimulation of the development of regional economic systems, the following trends are highlighted: first, the main regulatory instruments are tax and budgetary policies, the level of their development and independence in the regions of countries; secondly, regional fiscal policy is always subordinated to the national economic development strategy; thirdly, taxes are becoming a tool for both stimulating and restraining the regions’ development. The article proposes the ways to smooth out negative challenges and the task of regional development’s fiscal stimulation is defined. The experience of European countries allows us to explore the prospects for developing tools for fiscal stimulus to ensure the sustainability and modernization of the regional space. Conclusions. The experience of European countries in the implementation of fiscal policy in the context of decentralization and the functioning of local self-government is studied. Despite the binding nature and dominance of European norms in fiscal policy, each country has formed its own strategic goals in economic development. This allowed preserving the national identity of individual territories, the specificity of the cultural value’s impact on the fiscal stimulation of regional economic systems. The authors come to the conclusion that the adaptation of the best practices in European countries in the Ukrainian economy’s conditions requires their reformatting under the goals and strategies of national economic policy. Directions of implementation of EU countries’ experience in fiscal stimulus of regional space in Ukraine are identified in the article. Keywords: fiscal space, fiscal stimulus, fiscal policy, European models of fiscal policy, tax system, budget system, decentralization, regional economic system. JEL Classification E63 Formulas: 0; fig.: 0; tabl.: 2; bibl.: 23

ЦИФРОВИЗАЦИЯ КАК ДВИГАТЕЛЬ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОГО РОСТА

The analysis of modern publications on the stated problem suggests a great interest of the scientific community about the digital development of economic systems at various levels. However, the Russian experience of developing and implementing digital technologies has not been studied well. As a result, Russian features of digital economy development and systematization of existing approaches provide a great scientific and practical interest. It is noted that the digital economy, which generates a continuous stream of innovations, involves the development of human capital, which, in turn, requires a systematic approach to knowledge management. The development of the digital economy in Russia is declared as one of the most important directions of state policy and is considered as a prerequisite for competitiveness in the modern global market and a strategic component of the state's economic sovereignty. An organization that embarks on a digital transformation strategy needs a vision of its final achievement, and that vision should be more than a statement on the website. For the transformation to be successful, the organization must adapt its vision every day, and employees must know the way of their contribution. To make digital transformation real, you need a vision and ability to do it. Digital solutions, meanwhile, represent digital products or services – for example, a medical platform that connected to Phillips or GE's offerings on the industrial Internet. The results of the study: The analysis of the digital economy of the Russian Federation was carried out. The main directions in solving the identified problems of digitalization in Russia were Proposed. The methodological basis of the research is the scientific works of Russian and foreign scientists in the field of the digital economy, the results of various applied research on the formation of the knowledge economy.

Assessment of the Impact of COVID-19 on Economy Based on the “Economic Cross” Model

The article assesses the impact of the global pandemic COVID-19 and its events on the global information space using the “economic cross” model. Quantitative and qualitative economic results of the pandemic impact on economy both in the global and at the national Russian level are considered. The information and economic nature of the impact of the global pandemic on the development of global society is proven. An economic interpretation of the reaction of the global information space and national governments in the early 2020 and subsequent events, including self-isolation and expansion of digital forms of interaction in the information space at all levels of social activity, are proposed. The structure of the points of no return in the development of the global information space and its economic and social projection are investigated and temporary changes are identified, the preservation of which is unlikely after the end of the pandemic. An assessment of the development of the global information space is carried out taking into account pre-existing trends in the medium term and possible deviations in its development are investigated by updating the COVID-19 problem. On the basis of studying the cycles forming the “economic cross” of corononomics, forecasts of the development of the Russian economic system for the medium term are proposed.

Evolution of the “Industrial Revolution” Phenomenon: Prerequisites and Factors

The article analyzes the evolution of the “Industrial Revolution” phenomenon, which makes it possible to form the author’s position on the phenomenon under study, contributing to the transformation of the economic system of society at similar stages of its development as a whole. Four Industrial Revolutions are analyzed in terms of the existing prerequisites for the transition in accordance with the time intervals of each of them, as well as the factors that influenced the analyzed phenomenon. The main features of the first (18th – 19th centuries), second (second half of the 19th century – early 20th century), third (1960 – the first decade of the 21st century), fourth (2011 – up to the present time) industrial revolutions are defined. Based on the system analysis, the components of each of the industrial revolutions are identified, as well as the factors (hindering their development or having a beneficial effect on it) that have had a different impact on them. The economic and institutional aspects of all industrial revolutions are reflected, as well as their impact on economic systems on a global and national scale is shown. As a result of the study, the features of the development of economic systems at various levels that accompany the “entry” of states into the realities of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 were revealed, and the possibilities of their further adaptation and transformation in the future were indicated.

WITHDRAWN: Management of innovative development of the national economic system in conditions of global acceleration of scientific and technological progress

The problems of innovative development of countries in terms of accelerating scientific and technological progress have been studied in this article. The authors identified five factors having a major impact on the success of the innovative economy, introduces the concept of the quality of the economic and political systems. The requirements to the quality of the national economic system in the conditions of the innovative economy development have been defined. The authors propose a multi-factor model of managing the country’s innovative development.

On the development of variable-order fractional hyperchaotic economic system with a nonlinear model predictive controller

Abstract Mathematical modelling plays an indispensable role in our understanding of systems and phenomena. However, most mathematical models formulated for systems either have an integer order derivate or posses constant fractional-order derivative. Hence, their performance significantly deteriorates in some conditions. For the first time in the current paper, we develop a model of an economic system with variable-order fractional derivatives. Our underlying assumption is that the values of fractional derivatives are time-varying functions instead of constant parameters. The effects of variable-order time derivative into the economic system is studied. The dependency of the system's behaviour on the value of the fractional-order derivative is investigated. Afterwards, a nonlinear model predictive controller (NMPC) for hyperchaotic control of the system is suggested. The necessary optimality and sufficient conditions for solving the nonlinear optimal control problem (NOCP) of the NMPC in the form of fractional calculus with variable-order which is formulated as a two-point boundary value problem (TPBVP) are derived. Since the proposed methodology is a robust controller, the efficiency of the proposed controller in the presence of external bounded disturbances is examined. Simulation results show that not only does the presented control approach suppresses the related chaotic behaviour and stabilizes the close-loop system, but it also rejects the external bounded disturbances.

SUBSTANTIATION OF THEORETICAL FUNDAMENTALS OF SOCIAL CONTROL IN THE SPHERE OF ECONOMIC MANAGEMENT

Urgency of the research is due to the fact that social control is an integral and comprehensive component of any society. The development of theoretical, methodological and practical foundations of social control and the application of its cognitive tools in the transformation of consciousness and participation in the development of a democratic society on the basis of sustainability is of paramount importance. The research activity of scientists in studying philosophical, social, legal, economic, educational and other aspects of control as a complex polymorphic phenomenon is due to the fact that social relations are certainly an important component of the economy at all levels. However, the social mechanism for regulating economic systems at various levels remains ineffective. The purpose and the objective of the research are to prove the importance of social control in the sphere of economic management and to determine its theoretical foundations. The research methodology consists in the dialectical method of understanding the essence of social control and assessing its importance in the sphere of economic management; general scientific methods of analysis, abstraction, induction and deduction, synthesis and generalization are used to substantiate the basic theoretical provisions, the formation of the conceptual framework of social control in the sphere of economic management, the formulation of conclusions. The most significant scientific results are as follows: proving the importance of public control in the sphere of economic management, recognizing it as an indispensable element of the social mechanism for the development of economic systems at all levels of the economy; defining its theoretical foundations: the scope of application, object, matter, subject, forms and results. The practical significance of the research is to determine the vector of control development in the sphere of economic management – compliance with standards that affect the economic interest and determine economic behaviour. Value/originality. The results obtained can be considered as forming the concept of behavioural control in the sphere of economic management and create new grounds for developing the theory and practice of social audit as well as reviewing the paradigm of economic management control.

Transport factor function in the development of the Siberian region as a Yenisey Siberia comprehensive investment project party: Evidence from the Tyva Republic

Subject. This article discusses the issues of transport engineering as one of the priorities of the State. Objectives. The article aims to assess the transport engineering factor effect on the economic development of the area. Methods. For the study, I used the statistical analysis methods, dynamics, comparison, grouping, and analytical methods of information data collection and processing. Results. The article defines transport as one of the main factors influencing the development of the regional economic system. Conclusions. The socio-economic situation of the region against the general background of the country's economic system depends on the state of the region's transportation infrastructure.

Evaluation of the coordinated development of economic, urbanization and environmental systems: a case study of China

The rapid development of economic and urbanization systems exerts a negative impact on environmental system. To achieve the sustainable development of a country, it is important to obtain an in-depth understanding of the interaction among economic, urbanization and environmental systems. A coupling coordination model of the three systems is constructed in this research to investigate the interactions among the three systems in China. This study determines the contribution rate of each indicator to the three systems during the studied period, then evaluates the development levels of the three systems and finally explores coupling coordination levels among them. The results show that economic scale, spatial urbanization and environmental governance are the prominent indicator in the economic, urbanization and environmental systems, respectively. The findings suggest that the policy makers need to consider these indicators for the development of the three systems. Furthermore, the development level of economic, urbanization and environmental systems in China generally shows an upward trend, while the environmental system development has been lagging behind the development level of economic and urbanization systems. The spatial difference exists chronically, but such differences are gradually decreasing as time evolves. Among these systems, the reduction of difference in urbanization system is most obvious. Although the coupling coordination level of the three systems presents an upward trend, unbalanced development of these systems in regional level still exists. The insightful implications are discussed for coordinated development.

Formation of political leaders in countries of democratic transition

The transition of Ukraine to democracy requires studying the experience of forming political leaders in developing countries. In particular, political leadership, in particular, the values, ideology, and policies of the leader, determine the level of democracy in a country. The results of the research provide evidence of the impact of political leadership on democratization and economic growth. It has been established that leadership determines the values and priorities for the development of political and economic systems as well as democratization has a positive effect on economic growth under the condition of an open economy, unity, and solidarity of the principles of leaders within the party and the opposition. The growth of opposition protests and the conservatism of political leaders leads to a decrease in the level of political culture, civil liberties, and the effectiveness of the government’s actions. As a result, the level of economic development declines.

Assessment of the Balanced Development of an Innovation-Oriented Regional Economic System

The regulation of the processes of socio-economic development of economic systems is carried out in an extreme situation caused, including, by global hypercompetitiveness. The contradictions are especially acute in the economic systems, developing according to the innovation model. The work substantiates, that in the current conditions, increased attention should be paid to the balance of development of innovation-oriented economic systems. To identify the fact of balance and directions for its maintenance, a methodology for assessing the level of balance of the economic system is proposed. Within the framework of this methodology, it is recommended to assess the balance of development according to three functional components - market, production and personnel with the singling out four levels - absolute, relative, conditional balance and imbalance. Three positions are recommended as criteria - resource availability, efficiency and potential, which imply quantitative certainty, reflected in the system of indicators, grouped by functional components of balance. Objective difficulties, arising in the process of assessing the level of balanced development of the economic system can be compensated for by the multivariance in the system of assessed indicators and the criteria for their selection. The technique received practical approval according to the data of the Voronezh region.

Conceptual foundations of sustainable development of territorial-spatial entities

The need to form mechanisms for ensuring the sustainable functioning and development of regional economic systems causes a change in the forms of organization and integration of production on an innovative basis. This is becoming a priority task in conducting scientific research in the field of organizing the activity of territorial-spatial entities (TSE), assessing and monitoring the sustainability of their development in a strategic terms. At the same time, this can be realized only by determining the vector of sustainability in the presence of risk factors of the external environment and development trends of both TSE and the region’s economy as a whole. In this regard, in the article, in the context of the innovative development of regional economic systems, the conceptual foundations of ensuring the sustainability of territorial-spatial entities are considered as forms of the integration of industries, focused on the creation of innovation of the value of products (services).

Međunarodni ekonomski sistem u istorijskom procesu i uloga Kine

The history of the construction and development of the international economic system can be traced back to the establishment of the Bretton Woods system at the end of World War II. After more than 70 years, the international economic system in different economic fields such as trade, finance and investment, as well as at the global and regional levels, has been continuously built, reformed and evolved, forming a scene of variety of current international economic system. During this period, China`s role in the international economic system has also experienced gradual changes, and has generally undergone a transformation from a bystander to a part trying to fit in, then to a participant, and finally a leader. The evolution of China`s role is not only the cause of the institutional changes in the international economic system, but also the outcome. They are complementary and closely related to each other. In the development of the international economic system, China has gradually moved from the periphery to the center, which is both an opportunity and a challenge for China.