Economic Reorganization Research Articles

Currency exchange in post-ordenamiento Cuba

This paper analyses the institutional process of purchasing American dollars and other foreign currencies in Cuba, against the backdrop of socio-historical transformations marked by the monetary and economic reorganisation known as “Tarea Ordenamiento,” implemented in Cuba since 2021. The theoretical framework proposed in this study views these social waiting phenomena as objective institutional occurrences, examined through the lens of Discontinuous Materialism in the analysis of social institutions. This paper introduces a novel theoretical perspective for analyzing these social processes, encompassing operational, spatial and temporal dimensions present in the process of purchasing foreign currencies in Cuba. This perspective is further elucidated through an empirical case study conducted in the Cuban city of Camaguey during the summer of 2022. Data was collected via in-depth interviews, brief surveys, participant observations, and content analysis. The conclusions drawn provide elements for a general characterization of these processes in Cuba.

Financing the Climate

Abstract Financial processes have changed how economic growth is carried out, yet little research has been done examining how financialization affects the well-established association between economic activity and emissions. We construct fixed effects regression analyses with robust standard errors for 172 nations between 1960 and 2014. In this article, we estimate financial processes’ moderation of the association between GDP per capita and CO2 emissions per capita, as well as whether or not such processes reduce the environmental intensity of manufacturing activities. We find that financialization decouples total GDP per capita from emissions per capita but fails to do so for growth from manufacture. Noting the absolute rise in manufacturing activity, we argue that the economic reorganization that financialization represents may obfuscate the ongoing pressure that economic growth places on the environment.

Impact of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) On The Economy of Jigawa State

In recent years, progress in information and communication technology (ICT) has caused many structural changes such as reorganization of economy, globalization, and trade extension, which leads to capital flows and enhancing information availability. Moreover, ICT plays a significant role in development of each economic sector, especially during liberalization process. Growth economists predict that economic growth is driven by investments in ICT. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) such as the world-wide application of mobile phones and internet etc. have contributed substantially to the fast-growing world economy in unprecedented ways. The objectives of this study was to identify and determine the role that ICT played/playing in improving the economic growth and development of Jigawa state, also factors limiting the use of ICT in most of the key areas that support economy are identified. A questionnaire survey was administered manually to 184 sampled respondents. Descriptive statistic were used in analyzing the data and testing of hypothesis among different classes of the respondents. The result showed that everyday more people are getting involved in using ICT technology, these tells that ICT brings positive change in diversifying the Jigawa state economy. The implications of these results are that most people of Jigawa state are doing farming as their occupation and have a disperse settlement, because of these, they requires maximum support from either government or private organizations to provide them with ICT facilities, orient the people on the use of ICT and the possible ways to use it for self-entrepreneurship program in order to boost the economy.

The dik-diks of Guli Waabayo: Late Pleistocene net-hunting and forager sociality in eastern Africa

Net-hunting is closely linked to organized labor and hunter-gatherer cooperation in many world regions. At the Rifle Range Site (RRS) in southern Somalia, scholars have argued that Later Stone Age (LSA) foragers developed specialized dwarf antelope hunting strategies—possibly using communal net-drives—to facilitate developing concepts of territoriality around resource-rich inselberg environments during a wet period in the early and middle Holocene. Unfortunately, a lack of radiocarbon dates and faunal data limited detailed zooarchaeological perspectives on changing hunting patterns at the site. The large and well-dated dwarf antelope bone assemblage (1263 specimens) from nearby Guli Waabayo (GW) rock shelter, on the other hand, provides an opportunity to explore proposed relationships between net-hunting and LSA social and economic reorganization in southern Somalia ~ 26–6 thousand years ago (ka). Consistently high dik-dik frequencies (55.2–71.9%) and mortality profiles comprised of individuals from all age groups throughout the sequence do not support previous arguments associating specialized dwarf antelope hunting with territoriality and Holocene climatic amelioration at RRS. Instead, they suggest that LSA foraging groups regularly hunted dik-dik (genus Madoqua) using nets over a ~ 20,000-year period beginning as far back as the arid Marine Isotope Stage 2, 29–14.5 ka. Findings from this study complement recent arguments for greater economic variability in Late Pleistocene eastern Africa and push discussions of forager social change further back in time than previously considered.

:La villa dopo la villa 2: Trasformazione di un sistema insediativo ed economico nell’Italia centrale tra tarda Antichità e Medioevo

:<i>La villa dopo la villa 2: Trasformazione di un sistema insediativo ed economico nell’Italia centrale tra tarda Antichità e Medioevo</i>

Reorganizing the Escudo Zone: Portuguese Monetary Policy and Empire-Union in Africa in the 1960s

AbstractIn the 1960s, the escudo zone, comprising Portugal and its African colonies, countered the trend of European decolonization. The Portuguese state reorganized monetary relations in the empire-state with the help of a new legal framework. The aim of this imperial economic reorganization was to establish a balance of payment relations which was expected to facilitate Portugal’s economic modernization and the country’s association with liberalizing economies in Western Europe that were experiencing rapid economic growth. However, the escudo zone soon became dysfunctional. Mata explains why the designs of economy building in a Portuguese empire-state could not be realized, given the trend toward independent political and economic development in Lusophone Africa.

Everything Old is “Neo” Again

This article sets out the contours of a Marxist hermeneutic approach to political economy. It begins by outlining how such a critique of political economy would function, with a particular emphasis on approaches which understand the discipline of economics as theory. It further claims that critique is over-reliant on the concept neoliberalism; that the categories proper to economic critique are value, time and space and that the innovation of a hermeneutic approach would be to reintroduce a sphere for antagonism through the analysis of the relationship of economic theory to value. To substantiate this argument, I offer an analysis of some important trends in recent scholarship on neoliberalism, notably the regulation school and the work of Wendy Brown. The article concludes by arguing that a reorientation towards value is timely and necessary, given the serious global recession precipitated by the Coronavirus and the economic reorganisation which will ensue.

The cash crop revolution, colonialism and economic reorganization in Africa

In the 19th and 20th centuries, African economies experienced a significant structural transformation from the slave trades to commercial agriculture. We analyze the long-run impact of this economic transition focusing on the dynamic effects of: shifting geographic fundamentals to favor agro-climatic suitability for cash crops; infrastructural investments to reduce trade costs; and external forward production linkages. Using agro-climatic suitability scores and historical data on the source location of more than 95 percent of all exports across 38 African states, we assess the consequences of these changes on economic reorganization across the continent. We find that colonial cash crop production had positive long-run effects on urbanization, road infrastructure, nighttime luminosity, and household wealth. These effects rival or surpass other geographic and historical forces. Exploring causal mechanisms, we show that path dependence due to colonial infrastructure investments is the more important channel than continued advantages in agricultural productivity. However, these agglomerating effects were highly localized; we find limited evidence that commercial agriculture spurred broader regional growth, in contrast to other cash crop regions around the world. If anything, we observe in Africa the economic gains accruing to cash crop zones came at the expense of nearby areas, which are worse off today than expected based on underlying characteristics. Overall, our analysis has important implications for the debate on the long-run effects of colonialism on development in the region. Rather than offsetting negative institutional effects, subnational extractive processes may have reinforced them by sowing economic and social inequalities.

Erasing the Empire through the Restitution of Military Land: Military Bases and Processes of Re-appropriation in French Polynesia

Following several years of tense worldwide protests against nuclear testing, the French campaign in the Pacific ended in 1996. In the years that followed, military facilities in French Polynesia, at least those most strictly connected with nuclear activities, shut down. After the exploitation and detonation of the atolls Moruroa and Fangataufa (and symbolically of the Polynesian minds and bodies), land is finally being given back to French Polynesians. Military bases are closing and military personnel are returning to France. Some of these building complexes are now property of local towns. The questions raised in this article revolve around the symbolic power of military bases’ dismantlement, which can be interpreted as the erasure of the French empire. What do such erasures of military facilities represent? Is it just an economic reorganization of the national defense or does it represent the will to materially erase colonial and nuclear history? Moreover, I argue that these ongoing processes can be analyzed as a form of re-appropriation of land by the Polynesian communities and a new form of sovereignty.

Bessarion on Economics and Geopolitics

This paper deals with those aspects of Byzantine intellectual heritage, which belong to the Bessarion’s thought and writing. Bessarion, Cardinal of the Roman-Catholic Church, proposed specific, systematic and analytical measures for a re-organization and recovery of the Despotate of Mistra, while, as it is known, he lived there from the end of 1431 until the end of 1436. Then Вessarion, in his capacity as cardinal, showed his continual and undiminished interest to the advancement of Greek nation, as proven by three famous memoranda of scholar. These are appeals to Constantine Palaiologos, Despot of Mistra, as well as to the doge of Venice. Dated July 13, 1453 the letter to the doge informed him on the Fall of Constantinople and the sufferings of Greek nation! Especially noteworthy is the third (and only surviving) letter of Вessarion, addressed to his friend, Despot Constantine Palaiologos in the spring of 1444. Here Вessarion proposes a specific, specialized program for the economic restructure, social reorganization and military strengthening of the Despotate. The intellectual associates education with economy. Sharing the economic philosophy of ancient Greeks on self-sufficiency and utilization of local means, Вessarion became a forerunner of mercantilism, while also acknowledging the productive contribution of education. The proposal of Вessarion for the transfer of the Despotate’s capital closer to the Isthmus was of great geopolitical importance since, when the guarding of the Hexamilion Wall would be reconstructed and constant and properly updated. These proposals, having been so important for the evolution of Byzantine economic thought, took an appropriate place in its development.

Approaching Social Setting when Analyzing Language Change in the Early Republic

Any study that concentrates on language change should assess factors such as historical context and social structure. However, approaching the phonetic and phonological changes that took place during the Early American Republic (1776–1861) is a complex task since it was a period of considerable social, political and economic reorganization Additionally, although many biographies and studies on selected issues have been written, the scholarship about the period remains unconnected and fragmented. As such, this article exposes the theoretical and methodological preparation for a research on sound change during the Early American Republic by discussing how to undertake data collection and how to approach data analysis.

Geographical Indications and local development: the strength of territorial embeddedness

ABSTRACT Can Geographical Indications (GIs) promote local economic development in rural areas? This paper explores the impact of GIs that identify and endorse agri-food products which are strictly embedded within the territory from which they originate. Examining Italian wine protected by GIs through an innovative dataset and by means of propensity score matching and difference-in-differences models make it possible to compare the local economic development trajectories of rural municipalities afforded GIs with the correspondent dynamics of a counterfactual group of similar municipalities without GI status since 1951. Rural municipalities with GIs experience population growth and economic reorganization towards non-farming sectors, which frequently involve higher value-added activities.

First archaeobotanical contribution to the history of food production and agriculture at Aghmat (Morocco) between the 11th and the 17th c

Aghmat, medieval city of the Haouz region (Marrakech), is described by textual sources as a prosperous commercial city, surrounded by fertile lands. Located at the foot of the High Atlas, at the opening of the Ourika valley, it benefited from a geographical situation favourable to the development of an important irrigated agriculture. However, Aghmat was hit by the great crisis that struck Morocco at the end of the 14th and during the 15th c., and was abandoned. It is only in the course of the 16th c. that the locality found a new dynamism, while knowing a deep spatial, demographic and economic reorganization. Indeed, Aghmat seems to take at this period the shape of a dispersed habitat, entirely dedicated to a new agricultural development.Since 2005, the extensive excavation of the medieval urban centre and of its levels of abandonment makes it possible to locally approach this transitional period between two socio-economic systems. Thus arises the question of the agricultural evolutions and of the role played by the various socio-economic components on lands management. The recent creation of an archaeobotanical program that includes both carpological and anthracological analysis seems to be the most promising way to document these questions. Based on nearly fifty archaeological samples extracted from varied contexts (hearths, dumps, plantation pits), dated between the 11th and the 17th c., this work allows proposing a first review on cultivated/gathered plants.

Political strategies in energy transitions: Exploring power dynamics, repertories of interest groups and wind energy pathways in Brazil

Sustainable energy transitions lead to selective pressures that reshape the power relations between existing regimes, inducing political and economic reorganizations, and creating institutional tension. This study analyzes the political mobilization of interest groups around shifts in the wind power regime, their ways of influencing the governmental agenda, and the primary discursive strategies employed. The analysis spans the period from 2000 to 2018 having Brazil as a case study. Initially, the analysis focused on (i) the election financing for the period, before shifting to the developments of the network formed during the campaign financing, driven by (ii) the participation of these stakeholders in public hearings of the federal government. The analysis allowed us to identify the strategies that are used to influence the political process carried out by the political subsystem formed around the wind power regime. Understanding political representation strategies in a sustainable energy transition is important for analyzing the construction of democratic and fair energy regimes.

Economic Impacts of the of Inheritance System in Islam

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Praise be to Allah, Lord of the Worlds, and prayers and peace be upon our Prophet Muhammad and his family and companions, This study under the title “The Economic Impacts of the of Inheritance System in Islam” aims to illustrate the economic effects of Inheritance System in Islam. It includes an introduction, three sections and a conclusion. &nbsp;The first section: the concept of Islamic economy, its characteristics and objectives are outlined. The concept of inheritance, and its provisions are stated in section two. Finally, section three clarified the economic effects of inheritance in Islam. The main findings of this research are: Under the Islamic Inheritance System, the private wealth will be fragmented quietly without inequality, violence or revolution. for the sake of prevent accumulate wealth among a few people. The Islamic Inheritance System has vital role in the economic growth and market, because the heirs are running the wealth in the market. The most important economic objectives of the system of inheritance in Islam: preservation of the wealth from waste and loss, because Islamic law pus limitation for disposing wealth by heir and do not allow the heir to act in all his wealth and more than the limit of the third before his death. The economic effects of the system of inheritance in Islam eliminate poverty. The economic effects of the system of inheritance in Islam eliminate or reduce unemployment. The economic effects of the system of inheritance in Islam redistribution of funds and economic reorganization.

Scenario forecasting of the economic effects of agricultural modernization in digital economy

This paper studies the international models of digital development of the agricultural sector of economy and its structural elements used in the emerging models of innovative development of the Russian Federation. Various scenarios of forecasting of the economic effects of agricultural production development are presented. It allowed drawing a conclusion about the low level of compliance of digital economy with the necessary science-intensive indicator of gross domestic product, which requires radical government intervention and the reorganization of economy as a whole. It is possible to state that, first of all, it is necessary to create an appropriate theoretical knowledge base, using which it would be possible to carry out the process of training the necessary skills and competencies in the development of digital economy in Russian universities. International exchange of students and post graduate students is also extremely productive in terms of the development of new technologies. This is illustrated by the US agrarian statistical analysis in the field of modernization effects. Thus, the problem of scenario forecasting of the economic effects of agricultural modernization in digital economy is quite relevant and requires additional scientific research in this direction.

The economic activities of sub-Saharan immigrants: informal sector and low wages

Immigration is a social phenomenon that leads to the immigrant’s sociological and economic reorganization, the immigrant often finds himself obliged to overcome the challenges of the economic integration into the host society. So, this study is an analysis of the economic activities of 102 sub-Saharan immigrants who live and work in the urban space of Rabat, and one semi-structured questionnaire is used to explores the specificities of the sectors of their economic activities. The results obtained confirm the findings of various authors affirming the recourse of immigrants to informal economic activity sectors generating low wages.

Santiago 2000. La prospectiva y la ciudad del futuro en la “Reconstrucción Nacional” del Chile de Pinochet

En este artículo se analiza cómo durante la Guerra Fría la prospectiva, ligada a la planificación estratégica, fue un instrumento clave en el diseño del Proyecto Nacional de la dictadura chilena, así como en la reorganización política y económica que impuso el régimen. Dicha metodología, preconizada por tecnócratas civiles y militares, sirvió para otorgarle fundamento científico al proyecto refundacional del régimen. En América Latina, los estudios prospectivos estuvieron ligados a los principios de la Doctrina de la Seguridad Nacional, permitieron prever escenarios futuros, desarrollar las políticas públicas y planificar el desarrollo urbano de la ciudad de Santiago para 2000. En ese sentido, Herman Kahn, uno de los líderes del método predictivo, fue convocado por el gobierno militar chileno y orientó a los asesores de Augusto Pinochet en materia de desarrollo económico para consolidar las bases de la “Reconstrucción Nacional”.

The Ecosystem Strategy: Disruptive Business Model Innovation

The fourth industrial revolution has long since begun and is leading to an economic reorganization with significant changes for organizations, leadership, and society. With increasing global competition, established companies would be forced out of the market if they do not collaborate with agile innovators from outside their industries. This article contains instructions on how existing and disruptive business models can be combined with an ecosystem strategy and used as an opportunity. Case examples and practical models guide managers to identify and evaluate ecosystem strategies to generate new added value for the next generation of customers. Note: This paper is an enhanced and translated version of an article originally published under the title Die Oekosystemstrategie in Zeitschrift Fuhrung und Organisation (zfo), Vol. 89, No. 3, June 2020, pp. 168-173. The publication is a highly respected peer-review journal, focusing on leadership and organization./

The Influence of France and Italy's (Central)European projects on Yugoslavia's Re-evaluation of regional pacts (1927–1933)

This paper analyzes the impacts of the French and Italian plans for the political, military, and economic reorganization of European affairs on the Yugoslav reconsideration of regional pacts in national security policy and foreign policy, and the consequences of that reassessment on the Yugoslav standpoint toward the reorganizations of the Little Entente and its role in European affairs.