Economic Reorganization Research Articles

The role of education in reducing poverty social exclusion

Abstract Education provides a stable foundation for developing the societies of tomorrow, having a dual function since it fosters economic growth and represents a crucial instrument also for ensuring the stability of a society in terms of human welfare. The research was carried out through an econometric analysis based on a questionnaire as a quantitative measure. Through this study we intended to identify the standpoints of teachers activating in the Romanian pre-university education system and who activate in Bucharest and Prahova, on the research subject as well as correlations that exist between the study variables. Some key issues addressed by the study were determining the extent to which teachers believe that education can reduce poverty and social exclusion, measures that can minimize poverty and strategies for reshaping the educational services to improve their suitability for students. The results have shown that education can indeed promote the reduction of social issues but it steadily needs to be reformed to fulfil its scope. The findings can be of interest for institutions that establish legislative procedures in the educational field and can help to regenerate Romanian education. For the present-time societies, enabling social and economic wellbeing is both a target and a challenge, due to the persistent need of remaining competitive and the ongoing legal and economic reorganizations that appear during every country’s existence.

Against family loyalty: documentary films on descendants of perpetrators from the last Argentinean dictatorship

ABSTRACT In recent years, both academia and popular culture have shown what some scholars have pointed out as the turn to the perpetrator. Although the voice of the perpetrator has never been completely silent since the National Reorganization Process (the military junta’s name for state terror and economic reorganization ended in 1983), recently two documentary films, 70 y Pico (‘70 and Pico’, Mariano Corbacho 2016) and El hijo del cazador (‘The son of the hunter’, Federico Robles and Germán Scelso 2018), have addressed the Argentinean dictatorship from the perpetrator´s perspective. These films have two things in common. One is that they highlight the pact of silence among the Argentinean perpetrators; the second one, is that the main characters are perpetrator descendants. With this in mind, this article analyse the representations of the perpetrators in these two films. First, I will provide background information about earlier Argentinean cultural products dealing with perpetrators, including documentary cinema, before examining the context in which the voices of the children emerge. Finally, the analysis will focus on the way in which these films break family loyalty.

Building the city through culture: Puebla’s cultural urban assemblage (1987-2017)

ABSTRACT This article analyses the creation of a cultural urban assemblage in Puebla, Mexico, between 1987 and 2017. For three decades, Puebla city officials have relied on different understandings of culture to justify and implement public policies aimed at stimulating economic development and urban reorganization. New museums, parks, bike paths, multimedia projections and web applications have been created to encourage tourism and attract investment. We propose the concept ‘cultural urban assemblage’ to highlight the role of culture as a fluid notion that legitimizes public policies and urban interventions at the same time that it gives rise to actions of resistance and criticism from local actors. Antagonism, from artists whose works have been ignored, to citizens whose property has been expropriated has challenged the government’s strategies. We describe the creation of Puebla’s cultural urban assemblage through three distinctive episodes, each of which exemplifies shifts in the practices and discourses of culture: the patrimonialization of culture as a takeover (1987–1999); cultural heritage in transition: protection as an economic venture (1999–2011); and culture as a resource for urban capital appreciation (2011–2017). These three episodes will help us illustrate the heterogeneous, stabilizing and antagonistic aspects at work in Puebla’s cultural urban assemblage.

Technological (Mis)conceptions: Examining birth control as conservation in coastal Madagascar

Population-health-environment (PHE) initiatives theoretically serve as a holistic and integrative solution to health problems, biodiversity degradation, and resource scarcity. In the past few decades increasing amounts of official development assistance and private funding have been funneled towards PHE initiatives in biodiverse developing countries. Here we draw on fieldwork in Madagascar to show how PHE initiatives reinforce a problematic politics of scale, framing environmental degradation as a local environmental problem amenable to global population solutions, while inadequate attention is given to non “local“ drivers of natural resource change such as the structure and orientation of the country’s political economy, the broader socio-cultural context and resource tenure constraints, the influence of colonial policies and economic reorganization, and current natural resource management strategies. We argue, that while local population growth is not absent from the complex dynamics influencing environmental changes in these biodiverse regions, situating resource use practices in relation to policies and practices at multiple scales not only more accurately addresses drivers of resource scarcity, but also pushes against abstracting relations between population and natural resources from their specific context in ways that insert global discourses and interventions into local contexts and communities. Additionally, we argue that while the language of “gender equality” and “women’s empowerment” has been taken up by conservation organizations advancing PHE programs in Madagascar, these terms have been hollowed of their intellectual and political weight, reinforcing rather than challenging gendered inequality.

The body of Milan in Gabriele Basilico and Michelangelo Antonioni

Gabriele Basilico and Michelangelo Antonioni shared an interest in urban landscape and each developed a distinct aesthetics inspired by this constant dialogue with architecture and urban spatial forms. Antonioni’s ability to take advantage of different geometrical lines of the city to create a montage inside the shot, or to use urban buildings as optical devices for framing things and people, led him to transform the human body into a mechanical tool able to penetrate the sublime beauty of the modern. Gabriele Basilico, on the other hand, revealed cities as sites of tension generated by the global process of political, economic, and social reorganisation. His dialectical explorations between centre and periphery, new and old, and human and non-human, translate the urban landscape into images of emptiness and absence. This article will compare Basilico’s approach to Milan, as conveyed in his Milano. Ritratti di fabbriche (1980), with Antonioni’s portrait of the same city in La Notte (1961) and demonstrate that while Basilico anthropomorphised Milan, Antonioni made it emerge as a non-human entity, cold and beautiful in its own way.

Digital Transformation in Supply Chain: Supply Chain Urbanization Model Applied to “Order to Cash” Cycle

The digital transformation represents across the globe a new stage in the profound economic and social reorganization, that has been engaged for several decades under the effect of information technology [1]. Digital transformation (DT) is the use of digital advances to change customer relationships, internal processes, and value propositions [2]. The biggest future impact on revenue and EBIT growth can be generated through the digitization of supply chains [3]. In this context, the present paper proposes to apply digital transformation to supply chain, and especially to “order to cash” cycle, through an experimentation of the “Supply Chain Urbanization” model (SCU) [4, 5]. We will start in this paper by presenting the “order to cash” cycle according to various references; we will next emphasize Digital transformation before highlighting the “Digital transformation in “order to cash” cycle. We will after illuminate the different phases of the “Supply Chain Urbanization” model (SCU) [4, 5], and then experiment this model on supply chain digital transformation. The "Order to Cash" cycle will be the main link in the supply chain studied in our article.

Research On Degrowth

Scholars and activists mobilize increasingly the term degrowth when producing knowledge critical of the ideology and costs of growth-based development. Degrowth signals a radical political and economic reorganization leading to reduced resource and energy use. The degrowth hypothesis posits that such a trajectory of social transformation is necessary, desirable, and possible; the conditions of its realization require additional study. Research on degrowth has reinvigorated the limits to growth debate with critical examination of the historical, cultural, social, and political forces that have made economic growth a dominant objective. Here we review studies of economic stability in the absence of growth and of societies that have managed well without growth. We reflect on forms of technology and democracy com-patible with degrowth and discuss plausible openings for a degrowth transition. This dynamic and productive research agenda asks inconvenient questions that sustainability sciences can no longer afford to ignore.

THE FISCAL AND ECONOMIC POLICY OF THE RUSSIAN MINISTER OF FINANCE S. Y. VITTE AND CRITICISM OF IT FROM S. F. SHARAPOV (XIX – BEGINNING OF XX CENTURY)

Introduction. In 1842 Russian Finance Ministry was leaded by S. Y. Vitte. On his initiative serious economic reforms were carried out: the implementation of monetary reform, the construction of Siberian railway line and the adoption of the new statutes of the State Bank. However, the fiscal and monetary policy of S. Y. Vitte had its supporters as well as its opponents. Among those who were against the measures taken by S. Y. Vitte a well known (in those days) economist and publicist S. F. Sharapov, who especially defended the rights of the peasantry and argued that the development of Russian economy was different from the way of Eastern Europe. Materias and Methods. Despite many publications on this topic there has not been yet full research on the reorganizations undertaken by S. Y. Vitte and the alternative models put forward by his opponents and which specific direction of the fiscal and monetary policy were criticized. The aim of the given article is the analysis of the major reforms made by S. Y. Vitte, the critique on the part of his adversaries and familiarizing with the alternative suggestions. One can best understand it on the economic activity of S. F. Sharapov, who was the main opponent of most of the reorganizations. Results and Discussion. Among the main directions of the policy carried out by Finance Ministry in 1892–1903 one can single out the following: the preparation and implementation of monetary reform, which became the cornerstone of Vitte economic policy and the construction of railroads. Monetary reform was conducted gradually during 1895–1897. At the moment of its preparation S. F. Sharapov severely criticized the fiscal policy carried out by S. Y. Vitte. Unlike the supporters of the metal money circulation, he considered that the basis of the monetary system of Russia must be a paper rouble, which was pegged neither to gold nor to silver. S. F. Sharapov also came out against the wide range of the construction of railroads. In spite of the popularity of his ideas in the Russian society S. F. Sharapov did not get the support of the representatives of the main socio-political tendencies. There turned out to be more supporters of monetary reform and economic reorganizations. Conclusion. As for the monetary reform – the most important event in the activity of S. Y. Vitte – there is still a difference of opinion who was right: the supporters of introducing gold standard in Russia or its opponents “the nominalists” remains an open question. In 1898 summing up the results of the economic reform S. Y. Vitte ascertained that “money supply in Russia has been put to order and has been performing as soundly as in those states, where this branch of economy has long been in perfect order”. Subsequent events confirmed that “the nominalists” might have been right. Nowadays world monetary systems do not foresee the exchange of monetary units for gold and currencies are not pegged at the exchange rate of gold. The era of gold standard has come to an end and at present exchange rates and the stability of a monetary unit of this or that country depend on the state of the economy of this country. As far as railroad construction is concerned it should justly be noted, that a great deal of railroads as well as the construction of factories and plants in the whole world has caused damage to the environment as was foretold by S. F. Sharapov. Yet, when the territory of Russia was covered by rail network it resulted in a transfer of economic and cultural centres – cities through which railroads were laid began to develop rapidly and the cities without railroad connection started falling into decay. Thus Russia changed greatly.

Sectarianism in Iraq: the role of the coalition provisional authority

ABSTRACTThis article challenges recent analyses on sectarianism and Sunni-Shi’a conflict in Iraq by examining the political and economic factors that have underpinned the rising levels of internecine violence that have become apparent since 2003. Rather than rooted in “ancient hatreds”, these dynamics are, we argue, the outcome of a series of decisions and social transformations imposed on the Iraqi state in the immediate aftermath of the invasion – namely the format of the constitution, counter-insurgency policy, the establishment of a new media sector and the social effects of the Coalition’s economic reorganisation.

Business strategies for the bottom of the pyramid: multiple case studies of large companies in the pacified communities of Rio de Janeiro

The state absence in low-income communities in Rio de Janeiro drove away companies for decades, as they encountered a hostile environment for developing business. However, in recent years, the communities have been undergoing a social and economic reorganization supported by the pacification public policy that aims to reduce social disorder and attract private investment focused on classes C, D and E, described in the literature by Prahalad (2004) as the bottom of the pyramid. In this article, the authors contribute to this literature by broadening and deepening the knowledge about the companies’ strategies for the BOP, intending to analyze the strategies that large companies have been using to operate in these markets. The method was the multiple case studies covering five large companies: Light, L’Oréal, Banco do Brasil, Banco Santander and Sebrae, and the content analysis prescribed by Bardin (2008) guided the analysis using the software Atlas Ti 7.0. The results show that companies are offering new products and services, financial advice, banking services, access to microcredit, development and formalization of consumption and local entrepreneurs, and have been adapting their business models, contributing to the integration of these areas to the rest of the city formally established. However, it is observed that companies that have operated more generously have achieved better results and that initiatives are at an early stage of maturity, lacking more creativity, courage and independence of the state actions.

ВЛИЯНИЕ АСИММЕТРИИ ИНФОРМАЦИИ НА ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЙ РОСТ

Modern stage of economic reorganization in Russia is characterized by the need to create favorable conditions for economic development of the country. Existing models of economic growth include the following parameters: investment, production capacities, labor productivity, etc. However, it seems necessary to formulate a model that takes into account the amount of information and the asymmetry of information (surplus, incompleteness, alteration, etc.) as factors of influencing economic growth. The role of information in the available models of economic growth has been analyzed; the dependency of economic growth on the asymmetry of information has been revealed; the impact of the asymmetry of information on economic growth has been evaluated. Econometric methods have revealed the dependence of economic growth on information asymmetry. The existence of a direct dependence of the growth of the target audience of the enterprise on the amount of information presented about the company and products at the micro-level. It was also revealed that information produced by the economic actors is an additional indicator of economic growth in conditions of information technologies development and innovation. There have been considered possible after-effects of information asymmetry. It has been inferred that continuous monitoring of sources and neutralization of the possible causes of asymmetry of the information will allow micro - level data to increase market share, to stimulate economic growth at the macro level. There have been developed recommendations on reducing information asymmetry. The research results can be used for developing information strategy of the enterprise activity at the domestic and foreign markets.

Perspectives on Liberalisation

A near-ubiquitous concept in legal debates on contemporary approaches to market regulation and reform, liberalisation broadly speaking involves a transition from controlled to competitive markets. Yet for many, liberalisation implies not merely practical processes and legal instruments of economic reorganisation and governance, but moreover a higher-level conception of how markets fit within society, and thus how law might be deployed to achieve wider social and economic goals. This article explores the concept of liberalisation in both its technical and more-disputed normative dimensions, seeking to situate the latter within an understanding of the functioning — and limitations — of the former.

Le rire : mi-ange, mi-démon

Résumé Le rire est tentative de séduction ou défaut de mentalisation, mais aussi, depuis Freud, libération d’une énergie jusque-là liée par les processus défensifs. Mais pourquoi cette énergie doit-elle être expulsée ? si le rire est une décharge de plaisir, il peut aussi être une expulsion d’énergie destructive hors du psychisme et du corps. Il agirait donc comme système de régulation en évacuant l’une ou l’autre des énergies pulsionnelles en excès, en octroyant dans les deux cas une prime de plaisir. Signant joyeusement un réaménagement économique en séance, son irruption dans un groupe de psychodrame permet certains patients de vivre un affect dont ils étaient jusque-là coupés.

Urban regeneration of plants territories in industrial cities of Russia: a case study in Volgograd

Economic transformations and reorganizations of production led to the crisis of many industrial cities in Russia in the first decade of the 21st century. This paper concerns the renovation of the former industrial zones located in coastal areas, which are very important for urban development of cities. In terms of socio-economic changes, this topic is relevant for many industrial cities of Volga region. The study is an attempt to find new roles in post-Soviet cities which face the problems of adapting to economic and social changes. The authors reveal the basic provisions of the project by the example of the renovation of the territory of the Metallurgical Plant “Red October” in Volgograd to alter the function to create a multifunctional cluster.

Monasteri e attività mineraria nell’Italia alto medievale. Suggerimenti e problemi

The paper attempts to investigate, through the study of iron production, particularly in central and northern Italy, the development of the historical forms of property in close relationship with the unraveling control of the elites on the countryside. The entire set of sources (both archaeological and written), for the period under examination, seems to indicate that production was now strongly oriented/focused to meet the overriding interests of large landed property, a process to which the economic reorganization of the monasteries was certainly not alien but, on the contrary, it appears to have played a key role in the definition of new ways to control access to raw materials and to the territory in general.

El Estado en el Portugal decimonónico: el liberalismo entre el sueño y la razón

In Portugal, since the first constitutional experience (1820-1823), the Liberal State was the promoter and builder of a new political project, based on representation, territorial reform and economic reorganization and standardisation. Its power apparatuses established the principles of citizenship and suffrage, integrated the peripheries and shaped a new national economic space. Stressing the tension between utopian political imagination and pragmatic processes, this article analyses each of these three main changes, which often faced strong debate, adjustments and the creation of forms of negotiation between the central administration and local political networks and agents. The imaginary that was behind liberal governance was not a tyranny of concepts; it combined doctrinal principles, political agendas and practices of power. The construction of the Portuguese Liberal State was hence based on moderation and compromise under an adaptive reformism guided by oligarchic networks. These tensions influenced the liberal institutions that were actually created and generated disenchantment, and gradually, affected the regime’s legitimacy. For Progressives, new institutions stayed short in relation to their political imagination; for Conservatives they had raised too high the «rebellion of the individual against society» and overdeveloped centralisation and the subordination of society and customs of the peoples to the State.

A Genesis of Street Communality: With Special Reference to the Political Culture of Street Violence in Nairobi

AbstractThe aim of this study is to elucidate the genesis of communality in the urban street. Although in the modern world cities have long been seen as research laboratories, in today's context of globalization they are becoming more radical and dynamic; they are becoming experimental theatres of social change. Since the end of the twentieth century, the political and economic reorganization of the world order is producing dramatic changes in various societies throughout the globe. This is bringing about changes which tend to standardize society and atomize individual subjects. These changes are seemingly connected, but they do exist alone, separately. In this complex situation, we are confronted with the fundamental question, how can people construct communality transcending differences among them? The present study looks for an answer to this question, paying special attention to collective violence in the urban street, where ‘emergent but real’ norms are constructed among the rioters and the communality genesis mechanism is activated. In order to make a case for this urban communality, the analysis focuses on events in the streets of Nairobi at the time of the Second Liberation of 1990s and during the Post-Election Violence of 2007–2008. People with different political and religious affiliation and ethnic identity were involved in violent urban riots. They were originally strangers, but they generated new social order and norms. In the street, they constructed and shared a provisional communality, which was emergent and fluid but also real and firm.

HUMANIZING AND LIBERZATION OF EDUCATION IN NOOSPHERE TO THINKING PARADIGM

A concept of human potential is considered as one of main resources of development of country. Priority of humanity/pls is shown for cardinal reorganization of economy. At the level of administrative activity and motivation personalities are distinguished pedagogical, research, project and communicative groups of humanitarian competenses. Efficiency of noosphere paradigm of education is shown in bridging gap between the requests of companies and state for the competenses of specialist and citizen, qualificatory rates of technological development.

The Theory Of Constraints: A Comparative assessment

The worldwide economic reorganisation of the last decade has regularly been accompanied by appeals to concepts of lean manufacturing and flexible systems. These generally imply a scaling of productive and operating capacity to match demand and current throughput levels. The issue of how to manage scarce capacity has risen in priority both because of a constant search for greater efficiency and because of imbalances between the supply and demand of many resources. Multiple constraints have emerged throughout the Irish economy for individual firms, and for entire sectors. In “The Goal” Eli Goldratt reinvigorated traditional optimisation insights by presenting them in the repackaged form of the Theory of Constraints (Goldratt and Cox ,1993). This management best seller took the form of a thriller following the struggle of plant manager with 90 days to save his loss making operation from shutdown. In it Goldratt and Cox attack cost accounting as the “enemy number one of productivity” and instead called for a holistic process of ongoing improvement integrating techniques such as MRP, Just in Time and Statistical Process Control. This paper examines in detail the relative utility of the Theory of Constraints compared to traditional management accounting approaches to resource utilisation in aiding decisionmaking. It also considers the propagation and evolution of the Theory of Constraints and critically examines the response it has generated in the accounting and management literature. The continuing survival of cost accounting in the face of frequent assaults similar to Goldratt’s may in part be due to the ability of the discipline to adapt its practices to integrate the mandated improvements into practice and educational curricula. The paper reflects on the process by which new ideas are assimilated into the conventional management wisdom based on this example.

Competitiveness of small business as a factor of social and economic development of the region

Small business is an important factor of the post-crisis development of economy; it reorganizes the country’s economy. Also, it makes a particular contribution to the increase of volumes of products which are sold in particular regions. The improvement of the competitiveness of the small business requires the formation of the appropriate concept which will contribute further to the social and economic development of the region. The aim of the study is the identification of the conceptual foundations of the competitiveness of small business as the factor of social and economic development of the region. The international ratings and evaluation of the level of countries’ development and their competitiveness are considered. Various international organizations develop their own systems of indicators which reflect the level of business potential of a country (region). It is revealed that the level of competitiveness of our country is rather low, which causes a dynamic and harmonious development of small business as an important prerequisite of qualitative structural reorganization of economy and acceleration of the innovative processes in the country as well as in its separate regions. The studies have shown that it is required to improve the investment policy which guarantees the achievement of macroeconomic stabilization, increase of the investment attractiveness of our country for foreign and domestic investors.