Economic Perceptions Research Articles

THE ECONOMIC CONSCIOUSNESS OF MODERN BUSINESSMANS

Background. This article deals with the topical issue of the formation of the type of thinking of a modern entrepreneur under the influence of political and socio-economic changes in the country.
 The purpose of the article. To reveal the features of the economic thinking of Russian entrepreneurs.
 Materials and methods. During the analysis of the influence of the modern market system on the formation of types of economic thinking of entrepreneurs, the features of economic perception that are inherent in Russian businessmen and socio-cultural signs that characterize the modern business environment are revealed. The article uses qualitative and quantitative approaches, the main of which is the method of thematic analysis.
 The results of the study. The author proves that the effectiveness of the development of the Russian economic, social and political system largely depends on the quality of entrepreneurial activity. And this quality is primarily influenced by the level of economic thinking of an entrepreneur, which develops and transforms under the influence of historical and social phenomena in society.
 Conclusions. Each society forms its own type of economic consciousness. It is greatly influenced by the prevailing form of ownership in the entrepreneurial environment and the level of development of the entrepreneur’s consciousness, its structure and dynamics within the constantly changing economic and social conditions of Russian society.

MODELING OF FLEXIBLE FUNCTIONING INDICATORS OF PRODUCTION AND ECONOMIC SYSTEM

The created economic and mathematical models allowed to calculate the quantitative ratio of product costs and investment costs for progressive technological renewal of production, and established interval limits to predict possible changes in production as a result of new technologies and plan the results of the enterprise depending on its investment and innovation activity. During the analysis, the parameters that characterize the quality of the developed models and indicate their adequacy, and feasibility in practice are calculated. Scientific novelty of the research is a mathematical explanation of the laws of interaction of innovation and production activities, estimated quantitative impact of new technologies on the growth of efficiency of industrial enterprises. The article considers the current problems of development of the production and economic system. The authors present a modeling of the prerequisites for step-by-step flexible adjustment of strategies to achieve the expected (predicted) value of the components of the flexible functioning of a particular production and economic system (market conditions). As a result, it was determined that the distance between two points on the plane (t, R) in management understanding and economic perception is a choice at a certain point in time t, belonging to the interval [t0, T] of the appropriate strategy of flexible dynamic transition (with the greatest benefit or with the lowest costs), from one (t0, R (t0)), specified in certain units of measurement of their coordinates, to another (T, R (T)), the parameters of which correspond to the value of their possible achievement, i.e. a certain expected (planned) or predictable and even intuitive forecast indicator. Determining the value of the distance between two indicators creates the preconditions for step-by-step flexible adjustment of strategies to achieve its expected (predicted) value. At any time t1, the value of the final T = T ± △ t can be adjusted, the strategy for achieving it fi (t) (1, 2… 7) can be changed, and the total amount of possible costs can be changed: V_i=∫_(t_i)^T▒〖f_(i ) (t)dt〗. Keywords: production and economic system, flexible dynamic operation, modeling, forecasting, market conditions.

アメリカ大統領経済報告のセンチメント分析

The U.S. president influences the economy in many ways. However, the question of how the president perceives the economy has not been sufficiently analyzed, despite the fact that the president plays an important role in this mechanism. Using the Economic Report of the President of the United States as a case study, this study examines how the president perceives the economic situation. First, we conduct a sentiment analysis of the Economic Report of the President and quantify the positivity and negativity of the Economic Report of the President for each year using polarity values. We will then conduct a multiple regression analysis using this score as the dependent variable to analyze the factors that define the positivity of the President's economic perception. The results of the analysis showed that it was the unemployment rate, not political factors such as Congress and elections, that defined the president's economic perception.

The Effects of COVID-19 Risk Perception in Women in Their 20s and 30s on Preventive Efficiency and Beauty Health Care Behaviors

This study examines the effects of COVID-19 risk perception in women in their 20s and 30s on preventive efficiency and beauty health care behaviors. For this study, a survey was conducted on women in their 20s and 30s in Seoul and Gyeonggi region. It was distributed online from March 28 to April 28, 2021. A total of 610 questionnaires were distributed, of which 602 questionnaires were used for final analysis, excluding 8 unfaithful responses. The collected data was analyzed by using the SPSS WIN 21.0 Program, and the results of the analysis are as follows. First, the level of COVID-19 risk perception, preventive efficiency, and beauty health care behavior among women in their 20s and 30s were found to be high in the order of preventive efficiency, COVID-19 risk perception and beauty health care behavior. Second, it was found that beauty health care behavior has a high correlation of positive(+) in the order of economic, physical, and social perception in relation to COVID-19 risk perception. Third, an analysis of the effects of COVID-19 risk perception on preventive efficiency showed that the higher the social and physical perception of COVID-19 risk perception, the lower the economic perception, the higher the preventive efficiency. Fourth, an analysis of the effect of COVID-19 risk perception on beauty healthcare behavior showed that the higher the economic perception of COVID-19 risk perception, the higher the beauty health care behavior. Therefore, this study raises awareness of COVID-19, promoting preventive action. at the same time, it aims to contribute to the development of the beauty health industry by providing basic data for establishing effective beauty healthcare behavior strategies for the beauty healthcare industry that changes in the environment of the COVID-19 era.

In-group and Out-group: Dynamics of the «Russia – West» Social Distance Online and Offline

The article reveals a theoretical and empirical study of the social distance symbolic scale expressing “in-group” – “out-group” perceptions, expressed in the oppositions “Russia” – “West”, “Russian men – Western men”. According to our observations, the opposition has a negative connotation, which is expressed in a system of geopolitical and mental biases. Through systematic analysis of the geopolitical and mental distancing phenomenon, a complementary system for evaluating individual and collective representations of Russian-speaking respondents in real and virtual spaces is proposed. The authors conducted a controlled Internet survey of 600 people based on a quota sample by gender, age, and level of education; the structure of the sample allowed for a comparative study in the form of a nonreactive study within10 largest ethnic Russian communities of the social network “VKontakte”. As a result of a comprehensive study, it is established, in particular, that the opposition “Russia – West” is unchanged in the historical perspective from 1995 to 2020 and shows negative dynamics, over time acquiring the traits of an increasingly tough confrontation. Economic perceptions of the West’s attitude towards Russia are replaced mainly by the geopolitical perception of relations, due to the dominant “power” attitudes of the survey participants. As it turned out on an empirical level, the system of traditional values inherent in Russian society is opposed to Western postmodern values, and the image of the state at the level of value representations directly correlates with the image of the people, whose perception, along with geopolitics, is influenced by various cultural norms that distinguish Russians from Europeans. The gender and age characteristics of the survey participants determine the content of the answers to a minimal extent, which indirectly indicates the integrity of the image of the West at the level of the national identity of Russians.

В. Н. Татищев: Пролегомены исследовательской программы модернизации России XVIII века (институционально-эволюционный подход)

Introduction. V. N. Tatishchev, one of the founders of the Russian history studies, was notable for his broad views on the evolution of society and economic order. His economic views were not widely discussed during his lifetime and were not much in demand afterwards. Familiarity with his major works is hampered by the fact that they were almost never published in the form of notes, letters, and manuscripts. The ambiguity of his approaches, conclusions, recommendations and, accordingly, their evaluation was noted by many researchers who took diametrically opposed views. Deep erudition, reliance on Western European philosophy and Russian theology allowed the enlightener to create the conceptual milestones of the future institutional program. Theoretical analysis. Modernization of society should be based on constant changes in existing legislative and economic practices, ideological perceptions, and cultural patterns. This approach allows us to identify the most effective institutions (formal and informal rules), taking into account national specifics. Methodologically, the relationship between changes in public administration and social ethos “vertically and horizontally” is established; the importance of societal economic culture as a factor of sustainable development is emphasized. Empirical analysis. Considered chronologically consecutive works on purely economic topics and legal foundations of power are supported by a significant array of letters to Peter I, the Academy of Sciences, the Berg Collegium, and public figures of the first half of the 18th century. According to the thinker, economic policy, both at micro and macro levels, should be based on regulations, organizational adaptation and rational borrowing. The qualitative description of the structure of social relations of absolutist Russia, in the form of “physiology of society”, which resonates with the modern concepts in economic sociology and new institutional economic theory, is highlighted. Results. V. N. Tatishchev can reasonably be considered the conceptual forerunner of the modern theory of institutionalism. As an enlightener, in the spirit of eighteenth-century social thought, he created an introduction to the importance of permanent changes in Russian economic and social structures. The imperative of state construction of the economy at the macro level is supported by attention to micro-changes in the form of regular economic practices, combining elements of originality and creative borrowing of foreign innovations. Evolutionary approach of the thinker echoes the formation and development of economic views of the XIX and XX centuries, especially in the prerequisites of the theory of history periodization and the transition from one political order to another on the basis of changes in institutions (formal and informal rules).

Economic interventions, economic perceptions and political support during the Eurozone crisis

AbstractWhat is the effect of external economic intervention on political support and economic evaluations? We argue that economic interventions systematically worsen support for governing institutions and much of this is mediated through updating economic perceptions, at least during the Eurozone crisis. We evidence this with two analyses. First, we provide the first quasi-experimental evidence to show that intervention worsened both political support and economic evaluations. Second, we conduct a mediation analysis using Eurobarometer data to quantify how much of the effect of intervention is mediated by economic evaluations. This has broader implications for understanding how citizens react to international integration, international cues, and the process of forming judgements of political support.

Impact of farmers’ participation in tourism on sustainable livelihood outcomes in border tourism areas

Tourism, as a new way of industrial poverty alleviation, is of great significance to poverty reduction in border areas. This research takes the Sino–Vietnamese border tourism area as a case study and introduces a sustainable livelihood analysis framework. It collects questionnaire data from Napo County of Guangxi and uses structural equation modeling to analyze the behavioral intention of farmers still willing to participate in tourism after overcoming poverty. Results indicate that (1) participation motivation, participation opportunity, and participation ability had significant positive effects on farmers’ involvement level; (2) farmers’ economic, social, cultural, political, and environmental outcome perceptions had significant effects on their sustainable livelihood outcome perception; (3) farmers’ involvement level had a significant positive effect on their sustainable livelihood outcome perception; (4) the positive effect of the involvement level on behavioral intention failed to pass the significance test; and (5) farmers’ sustainable livelihood outcome perception had a significant positive impact on behavioral intention. Therefore, farmers’ involvement in poverty alleviation through tourism is a complex process of behavior and psychological perceptions.

Influence Analysis of Sustainability Perceptions on Sense of Community and Support for Sustainable Community Development in Relocated Communities.

This study aims to examine a theoretical model using sustainability perceptions, including environmental; sociocultural; economic; and life satisfaction, sense of community, and support for sustainable community development among the indigenous people of two relocated communities in Taiwan. A total of 747 usable questionnaires were collected and analyzed using structural equation modeling. The analytical results indicated that sense of community is an antecedent of support for sustainable community development in both relocated communities. Life satisfaction perceptions can influence the sense of community in Rinari. Additionally, environmental and economic perceptions are antecedents of the sense of community in New Laiyi. Finally, this study provides theoretical implications to fill the gaps in previous research, and offers valuable insights for promoting residents’ support for sustainable community development in aboriginal communities; thus, this study has significant contributions, theoretically and practically.

Political Surveys Bias Self-Reported Economic Perceptions

Abstract If voters are to hold governments to account for the state of the economy, they must know how it has changed. Indeed, this is a prerequisite for democratic accountability. Yet the perceptions that voters report often show signs of clear partisan bias. At present, we do not know if this bias is real or instead due to priming in political surveys. To test this, I assign subjects at random to either a political or nonpolitical survey. I then record their economic perceptions and compare the results for each group. I show that political surveys do worsen partisan bias, though only among supporters of the incumbent party. Still, much partisan bias remains unexplained, even in the nonpolitical condition. So, while economic perception items remain biased, we can at least be sure that most people respond to them in a similar way no matter the survey context.

Brexit and prosperity but defeat: the economic vote conundrum in the 2020 Irish election

ABSTRACT At face, Ireland's economy had staged a remarkable recovery by 2020 since the devastating impact of the Global Financial Crisis. The economy was the fastest growing in Europe, unemployment had reached record lows, and Ireland's debt was back to its lowest level since 2009. The traditional economic voting model assumes voters punish outgoing governments for poor economic performance by voting against them but rewards incumbents for a sound economy by voting for them. Nevertheless, Irish voters delivered a stunning rebuke to the Fine Gael government in 2020, registering an incumbent administration's sixth-worst performance since 1932, raising questions about the applicability of the economic vote. Using the 2020 Irish National Election Study, our contribution unpacks this apparent puzzle. We uncover that macroeconomic conditions were less rosy than at first sight, a pattern recognised by voters. We find the economic vote was alive and well, with voter economic perceptions, and their views on income redistribution (and taxes/spending) having a potent effect on the vote. Brexit, as an economic issue, however, was not influential in shaping the vote. The Fine Gael challenge, and the answer to the conundrum, was most voters perceived the economy was lackluster and the government was on the wrong side of economic policy preferences of most voters.

Partisanship, Economic Assessments, and Presidential Accountability

AbstractFew issues are more salient for voters or more important in political decision making than economic conditions, and no American public official is more closely associated with the economy than the president. Existing scholarship disagrees, however, about how partisan loyalties affect economic evaluations. We study how partisan control of the presidency affects economic perceptions using eight waves of panel data collected around the 2016 presidential election from a national probability sample. We find that although individual‐level perceptions are largely stable across time, the change in partisan control of the White House was associated with more positive evaluations among Republicans and more negative evaluations among Democrats. These effects are statistically significant yet substantively modest in magnitude. Our results indicate that partisanship is less strongly associated with economic assessments than some previous scholarship has claimed and suggest more sanguine conclusions about the prospects for presidential accountability even in a partisan era.

The neighbourhood effect in economic voting: the association between local unemployment figures and national economic perceptions and incumbent voting in Belgium, 2009–2019

ABSTRACT While economic voting theory assumes that voters respond to economic conditions, critics have argued that most voters lack an adequate understanding of key national economic indicators. In this paper, we investigate the occurrence of a neighbourhood effect, where citizens can observe unemployment levels in their own local communities. Using both official statistics and survey data of three recent election studies in Belgium, we assess whether local unemployment levels are associated with the assessment of the national economy, and incumbent voting. While the results show that the local unemployment level is strongly associated with the assessment of the national economy, results regarding a direct association with supporting incumbent political parties are mixed. We argue that the neighbourhood effect is an important mechanism in economic voting, as citizens react to a neighbourhood effect in their assessment of the state of the national economy.

한성백제 역사문화 관광자원에 관한 미디어 인식분석과 관광 정책적 함의 : 매개자 관점의 내용분석을 중심으로

The purpose of this study is to be drawn overall perceptions, perception changes and Tourism Policy Implications from media perspective as mediator on Hanseong Baekje Historic & Cultural Tourism Attractions. 318 News articles from 2010 to 2020 was analyzed by 3 categories based on 7 steps content analysis process. First of all, overall perception analysis of whole period stand forth that social-cultural perception was higher than economic perception and environmental perception. Next, perception change analysis of each period stand forth that increasing of employment opportunity in economic perception, improvement of quality of life in social-cultural perception and cultural asset protection in environmental perception was the main increased categories. Based on this content analysis on Hanseong Baekje Historic & Cultural Tourism Attractions, several tourism policy implications might be suggested. First, Revitalization Policies by placeness and historicalness is needed for making sustainable tourist sites. Second, inducement of Korean wave tourists and increase in experience program is required because Hanseong Baekje Historic & Cultural Tourism Attractions is excellent accessibility, a lot of shopping area, neighboring MICE complex. Third, platform development, customized tourism policy for FIT and Q tourism certificate system will be policy proposal of the central and local governments.

The evolving economic importance of Polish forests between 1918 and 1945

AbstractPoland, going through three partitions and two wars, has suffered enormous losses across many dimensions. Polish forests have been damaged or destroyed by direct or indirect results of those tragic events and at the same time, timber and non-timber forest products played an important role in rebuilding the nation. This article illustrates the scale of the losses and the economic importance of Polish forests between 1918 and 1945. Actions of three partitioning states (Russia, Prussia and Austria) left the newly liberated Poland with damaged and destroyed forests. For example, during the Second World War, Germany protected its forests by shifting the entire burden of war supplies (that is, wood, game, resin and tanning bark) onto the forests of the occupied countries, including Poland. Despite being left in a bad condition, Polish forests were able to provide wood and non-wood products necessary for the reconstruction of the country and helped to jumpstart some of the sectors of the national economy. This article provides a review of the literature on twentieth century Polish forestry, with a specific focus on its changing economic importance, government perception and policy and the role of forestry to Polish economic, political and cultural life.

Cognitive Political Economy: A Growing Partisan Divide in Economic Perceptions

Research suggests that American partisans are increasingly distinct in their beliefs. These strengthened partisan feelings extend to economic perceptions—as numerous scholars have shown, there is a substantial gap between the proportion of Democrats and the proportion of Republicans that believe the economy is improving. Here, we examine the extent to which these perceptions have polarized over the past two decades and the degree to which they still respond to objective economic indicators. Exploiting a Gallup time-series, we show that the gap in economic perceptions approximately doubled between 1999 and 2020, and that partisan economic perceptions no longer seem to converge during economic crises. We further demonstrate that the economic perceptions of Democrats and Republicans have polarized relative to Independents and that this polarization is not asymmetric in magnitude. Collectively, these results document the extraordinary rise of perceptual polarization and illustrate that neither Democrats nor Republicans are immune to its effects.

Are Populists Insecure About Themselves or About Their Country? Political Attitudes and Economic Perceptions.

We investigate whether greater economic insecurity increases distrust in government and fosters authoritarian politics. Using the 2016 American National Election Studies dataset, we build on the literature regarding “egotropic" and “sociotropic" economic concerns to distinguish between “micro" insecurity (perceived insecurity regarding the individual’s own personal economic well-being), and “macro" insecurity (negative expectations concerning the macro economy). Our results suggest micro insecurity is not significantly correlated with attitudinal differences, but macro-level insecurity is associated with increased levels of political distrust, accompanied by greater authoritarianism. Greater macro-level insecurity is also associated with more negative feelings toward “out-groups" (e.g. Muslims, the LGBTQ+ community, feminists, immigrants) and was a key predictor in reduced affinity for Hillary Clinton and the rise in support for Donald Trump. Results are robust to controls for political affiliation and aggregate macroeconomic indicators, suggesting that rising levels of income inequality and weakening social safety nets increase political polarization and encourage xenophobia, racism, and homophobia.

ASSESSMENT OF PERCEPTION OF CHINA IN THE KAZAKHSTANI SOCIETY: MYTHS AND REALITY

The article examines the image of China in Kazakhstani society, analyzes the perception and attitude of Kazakhstan’s population towards China. Based on the results of a survey of Kazakhstan’s population (N = 2,594) and an expert survey (N = 23), the authors identify the principal stereotypes about China in the mass perception of Kazakhstanis. Also, the authors assess the level of awareness of the population about China and its projects and the perception by the Kazakhstani people of the economic, political and socio-cultural influence of Kazakhstan’s eastern neighbor. In addition, the article examines the attitude of Kazakhstanis to bilateral cooperation between Kazakhstan and China and the manifestations of Sinophobia in Kazakhstani society and identifies the main factors of anti-Chinese sentiments in society. The article also presents the authors’ original model of the China Perception Index in Kazakhstan, which consists of four parameters that reveal the level of cultural, economic and political perception of the country’s eastern neighbor. The results of the study establish that the general attitude of the Kazakhstani society towards China is neutral. The main factor that influences the perception of China is the degree of the Chinese investors’ presence in the region. The study proves the correlation between the duration of the presence of Chinese investors and the scale of business, on the one hand, and the level of perception, on the other: the longer the history of presence in the region, the less positive the attitude of the population towards China. Along with this, the study demonstrates a positive relationship between educational achievements and the China Perception Index. Thus, Kazakhstani citizens with an academic degree (Index = 0.24) have a significantly more positive attitude towards China, compared to those with a secondary technical and vocational education (Index = 0.09).

Gold Savings Products at PT. Pegadaian (PERSERO) Parepare Area (Islamic Economic Analysis)

The purpose of this research is to explain how the process of marketing gold savings products at PT. Pegadaian, then what is the process of the mechanism and terms of the gold savings product contract and how is the Islamic economic perception of gold savings products at PT. Pegadaian Persero in Parepare area. The results of research on gold savings products at PT. Pegadaian (Persero) Parepare Area shows that the Marketing Strategy carried out by PT. Pegadaian Persero in the Parepare area with product, price, location and marketing strategies by way of outreach and dissemination via whatsapp online. Then the service process for the Gold Savings product carried out by PT Pegadaian (Persero) is that the customer comes to the nearest pawnshop with several predetermined requirements such as submitting identification, filling out the application form provided, paying the price of the gold bar ordered (cash), paying a down payment ordered gold bars (installments), and signed the agreed transaction contract. to both sides. And gold will be received by customers after paying off installments or other administration.

Consumers’ Intention to Purchase Electric Vehicles: Influences of User Attitude and Perception

Electric vehicles (EVs) have been developed as an efficient solution to reduce automobile emissions. To ensure the effective diffusion of EVs in current transport systems, it is vital to understand the factors affecting consumers’ intentions to purchase EVs. To provide insights for this understanding, this study aims to investigate such factors with a particular focus on users’ attitudes and perceptions. A questionnaire survey was conducted in September 2019 among potential consumers in the major cities of South Korea. A total of 1500 valid survey responses were obtained, and investigations using binary logistic regression and regression tree were conducted for an empirical analysis. The results showed that among attitudinal attributes, environmental and economic perceptions concerning EV use were the strongest predictors for an EV purchase. In addition, technological concerns were found to have negative impacts on EV purchase intentions. The findings of this study could provide reasonable guidelines for establishing marketing strategies and serve as a reference for EV stakeholders to improve the applicability of current policies regarding EV adoption.