Model Of Economic Development Research Articles

Models of technological development: The influence of investment structure

The problem of refining Russia’s model of economic development through achieving the technological sovereignty dictates the need for making strategic decisions within the investment policy of economic growth. The paper aims to determine the models of technological modernisation according to the structure of investments in “old – new” technologies and develop an algorithm for identifying these models by assessing the relationship between investment and risk. Methodologically, the study rests on the theory of technological change. The paper employs elements of structural, statistical, regression and econometric analysis, as well as applies taxonomy methods to pinpoint various options for investment and technological modernisation models. T he evidence is the data on the investment in fixed assets and expenditures on tech nological innovations for 2010–2022 coming from the Federal State Statistics Service of the Russian Federation. The result is the identification of a model of technological modernisation in the Russian economy according to the structure of investments in “old – new” technologies and the sensitivity of the general technological intensity to investments. The paper distinguishes four general strategies of technological devel opment by the impact of expenditures on the dynamics of technological intensity, namely “leadership”, “breakthrough”, “giving up”, and “degradation”. Then, accord ing to the impact of investment in new technologies on technological modernisation it justifies the models “blockage”, “rigidity”, “modernisation”, “saturation”, and, in a similar manner, validates the models “degradation”, “backwardness”, “reliance on old technologies”, “reliance on new technologies” according to the impact of investment in old technologies on technological modernisation. The paper constructs a theoreti cal model of the connection between investment and risk, institutional parameters of investment process. The findings reveal that the Russian economy follows the model of backwardness with local technological innovations, which requires a massive in crease in investment in new technologies, mitigation of risks, and modification of institutional conditions.

The Conflict Between Lefts and Rights Policies on Economic and Public Security Events

This article thoroughly examines the connection between political orientation and economic policies by analyzing the decision-making process and economic consequences of right-wing countries like the United States and left-wing countries such as Norway during the COVID-19 pandemic. Countries with a strong left-wing inclination might focus more on developing the public sector and social welfare, and their economic development mode tends to be closer to the welfare state model. In contrast, countries with a stronger right-wing tendency stress the function of free markets and private enterprises, and their economic development models are more similar to the free-market economy model. Nevertheless, international cooperation must be strengthened. Both left-wing and right-wing countries should discard ideological distinctions and jointly address the impact of the pandemic on the global economy to facilitate its recovery. Also, during the epidemic, vulnerable groups had been the most severely affected. The government should adopt measures to safeguard their basic livelihoods and rights, and prevent the wealth gap from further expanding. Additionally, it is essential to increase investment in education and training to enhance the skill level of workers and provide human resource support for the long-term economic development.

ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ МОДЕЛИ НИЗКОУГЛЕРОДНОГО ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОГО РАЗВИТИЯ СЕЛЬСКИХ ТЕРРИТОРИЙ КИТАЯ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ ПРОВИНЦИИ ГИРИН)

Currently, China is in the process of transition from traditional agriculture to innovative agriculture. It is necessary to transform the economic development of rural areas and move towards low-carbon development. The object of the study is rural areas of Jilin province. The paper analyzed the main factors affecting carbon dioxide emissions in rural areas of Jilin province. Considering the current situation of rural development in Jilin Province, it is proposed to transform the economic development of rural areas based on the principles of a low-carbon economy, introduce low-carbon concepts and technologies of agricultural production, thereby changing traditional rural life, organization and management methods, and introduce a low-carbon model of rural economic development.

Thailand During the Asian Financial Crisis: Retrospection and Introspection

The 1997 Asian financial crisis exposed the instability of financial systems in Asian countries and highlighted the weaknesses in financial regulation. This article reviews the course of the crisis and analyzes the economic conditions and policies of Thailand before and after the crisis. Prior to 1997, Thailand implemented three rounds of currency liberalization. Following the crisis in 1997, the Thai currency depreciated significantly, and the economy experienced a substantial decline, leading to the accumulation of enormous short-term foreign debt. To address the crisis, the International Monetary Fund mandated that Thailand should implement an austerity program. This incident underscored the critical importance of formulating appropriate economic development models and establishing effective financial system regulation for a nation's urgent development. Furthermore, it is essential to conduct timely assessments of economic conditions and to take preventive measures against potential future crises. Analyzing the 1997 Asian financial crisis can provide insights for future policy formulation and financial system reforms. It can also inform timely responses and the implementation of appropriate policies in the event of similar occurrences in the future, ultimately minimizing losses.

Study on the Path of Coordinated Development of the Yangtze River Delta Regional Economy Based on Credit-granting Mechanisms

Since the establishment of the Yangtze River Delta regional economy, a brand-new economic development model has appeared in front of our eyes. With the continuous development of economy and society, the advantages of regional economy gradually appear, but at the same time there are many development problems. Based on the background of the development of the Yangtze River Delta region in recent years, this paper makes an in-depth analysis of a number of chain coffee brands that have developed rapidly in the Yangtze River Delta region, explores the operation mechanism of small and medium-sized coffee shops with franchise and chain system, and points out the dilemma and problems that need to be solved for the further development of small and medium-sized coffee shops. And put forward the corresponding solutions and solutions to all walks of life, so as to realize the vigorous development of the Yangtze River Delta region, and further promote the process of national economic construction and common prosperity.

Hidden Unemployment in Polish Industry (1945–1956)

One of the main factors determining the weakness of the socialist economy was the phenomenon of hidden unemployment, which means excessive employment in industrial plants in relation to needs. This phenomenon should be considered in two aspects: economic and social. The aim of this article is to determine the economic and social consequences of the phenomenon of hidden unemployment in the Polish economy in the first years after the WWII. The article is based on the literature on the subject, as well as source research conducted at the Archives of New Records and the Archives of the Institute of National Remembrance in Warsaw. To analyze the socio-demographic characteristics of the staff of four industrial plants, the personal files of employees collected in the plant archives were used. The research conducted indicates that one of the main sources of weakness of the socialist economy was the situation on the labor market, and especially the phenomenon of over-employment. In the economic sphere, it meant that the dominance of an excessive number of low-skilled workers in the composition of the industrial workforce resulted in poor labor productivity, abysmal production quality, non-compliance with standards in technological processes, destruction of work ethics, poor discipline, increased personnel turnover, etc. It is a measure of the irrationality of the system that the employment of a significant proportion of these workers was not the result of either economic or social necessity, but a consequence of the erroneous economic development model adopted, based on the use of low-skilled and poorly paid labor. In social terms, however, the employment of these people meant that the communist regime could count on relatively considerable public support among them. Authoritarian, non-democratic parties (such as the PPR and PZPR), appealing to populist slogans and fomenting conflicts with other social groups corresponded in terms of their programs and modus operandi to people with high levels of authoritarian attitudes.

SOVREMENNAYa INNOVATsIONNAYa POLITIKA, ORIENTIROVANNAYa NA MISSII (primer Germanii)

New trends in global economic development, such as the processes of transnationalisation, economic and energy crises, gaps in foreign trade and logistics chains, challenges of modern technological development, intensify the competition of companies in world markets. The governments of the developed countries and large multinational corporations are actively engaged in radical transformation of the modern social and economic world development model on the basis of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Germany is at the forefront of this global agenda. According to the German government, the development and introduction of transformative innovations is one of the tools that brings the world closer to sustainable development model. Such innovations do not only lead to technical progress, but also solve important social problems. To force through rapid modernisation German government has chosen a time-tested method – mission-oriented innovation policy (MOIP). State becomes the leading actor of the national innovation system, setting the goals of technological development and mobilising economic resources required to achieve these goals. For the first time, the missions of innovation policy were formalised in government documents in 2018. In early 2023 the new German government updated the drafting and composition of the missions. This article discusses the theoretical foundations of the MOIP approach to the formation of government innovation policy, describes the missions of the innovation policy of Germany, approved in 2018 and 2023, and examines the practical results of the implementation of some missions in 2018‒2022 on the example of renewable energy technologies introduction, building up battery cell production in Germany, developing clean mobility, putting German indigenous artificial intelligence technologies into practical application, digital healthcare, creating sustainable circular economies.

Rapid urbanization through cropland encroachment in the Jiangsu-Zhejiang-Shanghai region of China leads to substantial soil organic carbon loss

Abstract Soil organic carbon (SOC) is a major terrestrial carbon reservoir, crucial for the global carbon cycle and climate change. However, the impact of urbanization-induced cropland encroachment on SOC remains underexplored. This study quantified SOC loss in the top 20 cm (SOC20) and 100 cm (SOC100) soil layers in the Jiangsu-Zhejiang-Shanghai (JZH) region from 1985 to 2019 using high-resolution China Land Cover Dataset and multi-temporal SOC maps. Our results show that the cumulative cropland encroachment area in the study area reached 18,925.65 km2, approximately three times the area of Shanghai. The encroached areas of cropland in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Shanghai accounted for 59.72%, 31.49%, and 8.79% of the total, respectively. The cumulative SOC100 loss in the JZH region was approximately 65.31 ± 32.45 Tg C, with the SOC20 loss contributing about 32.97%, emphasizing the importance of deep SOC pool. The cumulative SOC20 (SOC100) losses in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Shanghai contributed approximately 55.36% (57.74%), 35.76% (31.96%), and 8.87% (10.3%) to the total SOC loss in the JZH region, respectively. Moreover, the annual average SOC100 loss accounted for about 8.6% to 25.59% of the terrestrial carbon sink flux (11.24 Tg C yr–1) in the JZH region, emphasizing that SOC loss due to cropland encroachment cannot be overlooked when evaluating the regional carbon sink capacity. Additionally, the positive correlation between SOC loss and regional Gross Domestic Product highlights the trade-off between economic development model of urban expansion through cropland encroachment and the resulting substantial SOC loss. This study emphasizes the importance of assessing the impacts of urbanization on regional SOC stocks, especially with regard to deep soil, and provides scientific insights for future urban planning and land management in this region.

Choosing an economic development model for Russia

Choosing an economic development model for Russia

“I Definitely Would Not Be Doing Science…”, or Features of the Status Transmission in Scientific Dynasties in Russia

The article discusses the problem of value orientations in scientific dynasties of Russia in the 20th century. An interdisciplinary historical, sociological and anthropological perspective focused on a socio-historical approach was applied to the study of intergenerational interaction. Evolved on the developed classification of transmission status models in professional dynasties, the authors sought to identify the features and patterns of the choice of certain types of succession by members of the dynasties during а specified period. The following observations were made with the help of sociological data. Hence, according to the study, the reform spirit of the 1950s – 1960s corresponds to the model of active succession. The transition to a conservative model of political and economic development of the country in the Brezhnev period, and the evolution of the image of a scientist as a mass researcher lead to the spread of a passive model of professional inheritance. However, the internal patterns of mastering professional practices in academic families should be also accounted. Moreover, in the context of socio-political and economic transformations in Russia in the 1990s, subsequent generations “X” and “Y” demonstrate a full set of models for the professional status transmission, such as transprofessional mobility, active and passive models. Under conditions of “depressurization” of the scientific community, hybrid transmission models, characterized by a partial return to basic scientific values, enriched by the actualization of subjective life experience, turned out to be possible.

Sustainable Investments and ESG factors

In recent years the transition towards a model of sustainable economic development has assumed central importance for the financial system. The inclusion of environmental, social and governance aspects (ESG – Environmental, Social and Governance) is taking an important role in the investment and issuance process, encouraging innovation and the growth of sustainable finance, which sees the application of the concept of sustainable development to financial activities. The energy crisis and the Russia-Ukraine war are two factors that can contribute to accelerating the energy transition to reduce dependence on Russian gas imports and more generally on fossil fuels. The war resulted in rising energy prices, further pushing European countries to reduce their dependence on Russian oil and gas supplies. Regulators are increasingly focused on transparency regarding sustainable investments. Financing the transition to a low-carbon economy is crucial today, given the impact that climate change continues to have on economies, businesses and communities globally. To finance decarbonisation across sectors, innovative solutions will be needed, the development of which will require large amounts of capital. In this context, the sustainable bond market has become of considerable importance to find the financial resources necessary to fill a financial gap of 4,100 billion dollars by 2050.

Introduction: International experiences of multilevel collective bargaining and lessons for implementation

There is renewed interest around the world in the potential of multilevel collective bargaining to contribute to a more inclusive and sustainable model of economic development. Recent country experiences nevertheless highlight tensions and contradictions in the roll‐out of new collective bargaining systems and suggest knowledge gaps regarding the idiosyncrasies of institutional design. This Special Issue provides a critical appraisal of the empirical evidence to date, guided by industrial relations institutional theory, and identifies lessons for policy and practice in the building and sustaining of effective multilevel bargaining systems.

Circular Economy Development to Achieve Indonesia's SDGs in 2030 in the perspective of Islamic Economics in the Era of society 5.0

The application of linear economics makes economic actors think about how to get the maximum benefit through activities to explore existing natural resources, with the concept of make, use, and dispose of. The problems of waste, climate change, gas emissions, industrial waste, and water sources require us to switch to a more sustainable economic system. The circular economy is an environmentally friendly economy by maximizes the use of goods over a long period. The type of research in this study is qualitative research, after all the data is collected there is a stage of data credibility test where researchers check and triangulate research data. This study aims to answer the formulation of the problem, namely How is the circular economy development model in the era of society 5.0? What factors affect the success of the circular economy? What is the Islamic view related to the development of the circular economy in the era of Society 5.0? The results show that the development of a circular economy in the era of Society 5.0 can be carried out through the management of cattle waste into fertilizer and biogas. 4 factors influence the success of the circular economy, namely literacy, experience, technology, and financial adoption. The development of circular economy in Islam reflects the value of maslahah which refers to its usefulness and goodness.

The Impact of Export Tax Rebates on Industrial Upgrading: A Literature Review

As China's economy gradually shifts towards a stage of high-quality development, issues such as insufficient demand and overcapacity are becoming increasingly prominent. The development model of extensive economy is no longer sustainable, and the economic operation is facing huge risks and challenges. The adjustment and upgrading of industrial structure has become an inevitable choice. In this context, the export tax rebate policy, as one of the important means to promote foreign trade and industrial upgrading, not only has significant practical value for in-depth exploration and analysis, but also has profound significance for guiding future policy formulation and practice. This article aims to systematically integrate and extract existing research results, deepen the understanding of the mechanism and impact of China's export tax rebate policy in promoting industrial upgrading, and provide some research clues for further research by domestic and foreign scholars.

Specifics of Ensuring Russia’s Economic Security under Sanctions Pressure

The intensity of discussion of issues of ensuring economic security at the country level increases with the increasing impact of negative factors from both the external and internal environment. The formulation of challenges to the economic security of the Russian Federation becomes the starting point for determining measures to counter the identified threats and risks to economic security. At the same time, it is necessary to consider that the measures being implemented cannot be considered in isolation from the current processes of socio-economic development and following a certain course of the national economy. In this regard, the purpose of the study is to identify specific features of the ensuring economic security of Russia process in the context of sanctions pressure. To achieve this goal, the methods of comparative, retrospective, institutional and regulatory analysis, as well as tools of the system approach and special methods of studying economic security (indicative, threshold, etc.) were used. As a result of the study, it was established that the efforts taken to counter threats and challenges to the country’s economic security should be built into the economic development model, which requires the development of a mechanism for overcoming the emerging negative trends, as well as closer intercountry integration. That is, it is recommended to involve the potential of friendly countries that are part of various integration groups, of which Russia is a member, in solving the problems of economic security of Russia. As a main conclusion, it should be noted that the importance of a comprehensive solution to the problems of achieving sustainable economic dynamics is exacerbated in the context of the modern period of development of the Russian Federation, when it is under active sanctions pressure from unfriendly countries of the “collective West”. Accordingly, it is necessary to strengthen state regulation in the area under consideration.

CREATIVE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT MODEL THROUGH INCREASED INNOVATION AND PERFORMANCE AND ITS IMPACT ON COMPETITIVENESS IN SOUTH BANGKA DISTRICT

This study is a creative economy development model through increasing innovation and performance and its impact on competitiveness in South Bangka Regency which aims to analyze the influence of creativity, competence, government access (capital), infrastructure and competitiveness on innovation and creative economy performance, analyze the influence of innovation on creative economy performance, and the influence of performance on competitiveness using quantitative methods with a sample of 95 creative economy actors in South Bangka Regency. The multivariate analysis used in this study is Structural Equation Modeling with the Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) technique.. The results of the analysis show that the creativity variable has an indirect influence on competitiveness through the performance variable. The infrastructure and market access variables also have an indirect influence on the variables through the performance variable, as well as indirectly on competitiveness through the innovation and performance variables.

Research on the Optimization and Development of Low Carbon Energy Economy from the Perspective of Water Conservancy Engineering

In order to explore the optimal development path of low-carbon energy economy in universities, this paper proposes a new method based on complex network theory to describe the global evolution and transformation characteristics of multivariate time series correlation patterns. In order to more intuitively see the impact of product extraction inputs as endogenous factors on economic growth, this article explores the relationship between economic growth and product extraction inputs by constructing a Hamiltonian function and using optimization methods. When considering whether the extraction input share of products with different extraction ratios is different, this article found the relationship between the total extraction input of products with different extraction ratios and the input share of green and low-carbon products, and analyzed consumers' preferences; Extractive investment of products under budget constraints and policy constraints. In addition, this article uses the dynamic equation of household utility function and environmental quality to prove that the extractive input of products not only promotes carbon reduction, but also has a positive effect on promoting economic growth. The simulation results show that the low-carbon economic development model based on energy efficiency proposed in this paper can effectively improve the development path of low-carbon energy economy.

Scientific and innovation potential recovery of Ukraine: from entrepreneurial to innovation universities

The article reveals the modern problem of Ukrainian strategizing practice of socio-economic development that a separate factor associated with the creation of research, entrepreneurial, and innovation Universities has been absent there. It is shown that this reality directly contradicts the current world trends, where the development of the mentioned types of universities is an important priority of the state economic policy. An analysis of the evolutionary transformation of the content and role of the functioning of university-type institutions as a production factor of the economic development of countries, which ensures the influence of the scientific activity of universities on the effectiveness of economic systems, is performed. A review of the literature is presented, which demonstrates the evolution of organizational types of universities from purely research to entrepreneurial and innovative ones.A problematic analysis of the state of innovative performance of Ukrainian universities, particularly those that had the status of “research”, was carried out according to official statistics of inventive activity, which reflect the indicators of the stages of the innovation cycle: the number of received patents, inventions, useful models and industrial samples. This analysis of the innovation potential of the leading Ukrainian universities showed that they do not ensure the commercialization of their inventions and scientific and technological developments in the form of industrial samples. In this context, for the post-war restoration of the scientific and innovative potential of Ukraine, it is proposed to create organizational and material and technical conditions for the formation and effective functioning of research, entrepreneurial and innovative universities. It is shown that the implementation of an innovative model of economic development in Ukraine determines new principles of organization of the field of higher education and science, which provide this field with a central place in innovation ecosystems through the introduction of the “Triple Helix” model that should be included in management on all stages of innovation cycle.

Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Melaui Pembuatan Puding Sedot Susu Sapi untuk Peningkatan Pendapatan Peternak di Dusun Sereng, Desa Kemiri, Kecamatan Puspo, Kabupaten Pasuruan

This community service program aims to increase the use of abundant milk from dairy cows in Sereng Hamlet, Kemiri Village, Puspo District, Pasuruan Regency, through training in making sucked pudding or pudot. The local community, which previously only sold raw milk to collectors with low economic value, is trained to process milk into value-added products that are more attractive to consumers using direct practical methods to facilitate community understanding and skills at every stage, starting from socialization, training theoretically, hands-on practice, to digital marketing. The results of the activity showed that participants not only mastered the technique of processing pudot with various flavors, but also utilized digital platforms to reach a wider market. Apart from improving technical and economic skills, this program motivates communities to innovate and be independent in managing local products. With ongoing support and evaluation, it is hoped that the people of Sereng Hamlet can create new, sustainable business opportunities and strengthen the village economy through diversifying dairy products. This program is expected to become a model for rural economic development that can significantly improve the quality of life of local communities

Analysis of How Industrial Policy and Competition Policy Promote the Development of Cross-border E-commerce EnterprisesTake the Unicorn Company Shein as an Example

Abstract: Since the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the central government has proposed to realize the economic development model of domestic and international dual circulation. The development of China's cross-border e-commerce industry is in the ascendant, and the unicorn company Shein has achieved successive revenue achievements in recent years. However, there are still problems with the external environment, which is dominated by industrial policy and competition policy. This paper analyzes the current external environment of China's cross-border e-commerce, analyzes the relationship between China's industrial policy and competition policy, and enlightens the competition policy adjustment of China's cross-border e-commerce industry through foreign experience.